A tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg: cikin bayanin da photo. UNESCO Duniya Heritage Sites

The musamman da suka bambanta daga St. Petersburg a cikin m gine-gine, na da karfi hali. Ba abin mamaki tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg ne wani ɓangare na sansanonin da Hukumar UNESCO a gaba ɗayansa.

Wannan matasa birni ne don haka mai arziki a cikin tarihi, cewa zai zama isa ga dama birane. Da shi shi ne babban birnin kasar na babban Rasha Empire, inda abubuwan da suka faru ya faru, shafi ba kawai kasar amma kuma duniya a manyan. A tarihi cibiyar da Monuments na St. Petersburg don shaida.

Tarihi na birni yi

Back a 1703 a tsibirin a cikin wuri na rabuwa da kogin Neva a kan hannayen riga 2 - Big da Small Neva - An kafa St. Petersburg sansanin soja, wanda shiri da aka za'ayi cikin sauri, a matsayin yaki jan a, kuma a kan gaba na Gulf of Finland da aka bukata domin samun da qafafunku a kowace hanya.

Dausayi ragae gina ganuwar da sansanin soja da kuma kashe dubban mutane, ba ci wuce kima jiki kokarin da wuya yanayin aiki. A gina yadi na farko katako, gine-gine da aka gina: coci na St. Bitrus da Bulus, da majalisar dattijai, da arsenal da kuma babban kantin magani. Kusan shekaru 300 shi ya dauki don wadannan wurare ya zama abin da aka kunshe a cikin tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg.

Bayan shekaru 3 na rami ganuwar hankali maye gurbinsu da na dutse, da wanda ya dauki kusan shekaru 35. Da farko, Peter na so ne a birnin gaba daya, a yankunan da tashar, bin misali na Venice, amma yi ya tafi a kan wasu gine-gine da tsare-tsaren. A zamani St. Petersburg tashoshi zauna kawai 10% na yankin, wanda shi ne kimanin kilomita 300.

St. Petersburg ma alfahari da gadoji, abin da suke a fiye da 300 na daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma nau'in. Girma, birnin hankali samu cikin siffofin da suke da kyau a san yau, St Petersburg.

A zamaninmu, baƙi daga arewacin babban birnin kasar, Yanã shiryar da gaya, shi kama da tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg, kuma me ya sa yake da shi wuri.

Bitrus da Bulus kagarar

A sansanin soja, wanda ya zama na farko tsarin da nan gaba babban birnin kasar da kuma a yau aka fi sani da Paul, samu da sunan daga coci, located a da karkararta. A yau shi ne mai tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg wanda aka ƙauna da aka sani da "Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja" da kuma saba da ganuwar ta jira rana harbi daga wani igwa.

A tsarin da sansanin soja ne irin gine-gine da Monuments a matsayin Kwamandan Engineers House, baitul da Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral. Tuni a farkon 18th karni Bastion ta zama kurkuku ga fursunonin siyasa, da kuma daya daga cikin na farko fursunoni kuwa ɗan Bitrus I Tsarevich Alexei.

A hankali, da dutse ganuwar fara deteriorate, don haka aka yanke shawarar zuwa "dress" da Neva da Bastion ganuwar a dutse. Wannan abin da a yau da kuma Paul sansanin soja, wanda ya zama mafi girma a Rasha tarihin gidan kayan gargajiya.

Admiralty

The sosai farko gininsa a kan hagu banki na Neva ya ginin Admiralty. Da farko ta yi ciki ta Peter na saba masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, wadda ke kusa da Bitrus da Bulus Bastion, ya zama na ainihi masu garu Fort. A yanke shawarar gina wani sansanin soja da akwai wani m barazana da harin da Swedes a cikin matasa birni.

A farko Admiralty gini da aka kammala a 1705, da kuma a yau dukan gine-gine gungu aka gane ta UNESCO a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya. Ya bayyanar ya canza hankali. A farko shi ne wani gini gina a cikin nau'i na harafin "P", wanda aka housed ciki da masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Around shi aka haƙa rami, wanda aka located a baya da makiyaya da mafi kyaun Viewing yankunan.

Bayan wani lokaci, shi ya juya a cikin wani makiyaya Alexandrovsky lambu, kewaye da 3 murabba'ai - St. da Ishaku, da majalisar dattijai da kuma Palace. A Admiralty Shipyards ya gina fiye da 300 jiragen ruwa, har sai da aka rufe a cikin marigayi 19th karni, da kuma ginin da aka gaba daya sāke gina. A sa'an nan da shi aka "samu" ya shahara spire. A shi ƙarfafa iska vane a cikin siffar wani jirgin, dalaye su da zinariya.

Admiralty yau - wani kyakkyawan abin tunawa daga farkon classicism, wani ɓangare na duniya al'adunmu. St. Petersburg ta tarihi cibiyar fãra daga cikin Admiralty da uku bamban bim shahara titi - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street da kuma Voznesensky Prospekt.

St. Ishaku Cathedral

Da yake na hudu a duniya a size, St. Ishaku Cathedral a St. Petersburg yana mai tsawo da kuma bakin ciki tarihi na ginin. Ganin cewa na farko version na babban coci da aka gina a 1707, da kuma ta karshe version aka tsarkake a cikin 1858, da cewa yi dauki kusan 150 shekaru.

Asali shi ne wani katako coci gina ma kusa da Neva. A 1717, shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa maye gurbin dutse gini, amma a 1724 tsanani lalace saboda da kusanci zuwa kogi kuma mummunan tushe da aka samu a cikin babban coci. Yana kokarin sake gina tare da karfafa ta Catherine Na umurnin, amma bayan wani dawo, ya aka ƙone ta a walƙiya yajin.

An yanke shawarar gina St. Ishaku Cathedral a Admiralty Meadow, inda ya zama Ishaku rabo, kuma Majalisar Dattijan Square. A sabon aikin da aka ɗauki cikinsa quite monumental da haske tiled a marmara, amma mutuwar Catherine II dakatar da gina a lokacin da ginin da aka gina a gaban rabin.

Wanda ya koma kursiyin Paul na yi oda don kammala aikin gina wannan babban coci a dutse, ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da saura daga cikin marmara domin gina gidansa. Wadannan inconsistencies a cikin tsarin ya kai ga cewa shi ya fara ruwa plaster. Yana buƙatar wani sabon maimaitawa na ginin, ga wanda riga Alexander I a 1809, da makamantansu sanar da wani gasar a tsakanin gine-ginen.

Yana da aka kamata ya zama riga na huɗu version na St. Ishaku Cathedral. Implementer na aikin da aka zaba Montferrand, da nasara da abin da yake a cikin unprecedented yawan kore a cikin kafuwar tara (10 762), 40-shekara ginin kuma, wata babbar kudin ga lokaci wanda ya sanya babban coci da mafi tsada a Turai (23,256,852 rubles., Kuma 80 kopecks.).

Duk da haka, St. Ishaku Cathedral a St. Petersburg - shi ne a yau daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya da kuma ake ma kunshe a cikin UNESCO duniya al'adunmu.

Nevsky Prospect

Nevsky - wani babban Avenue, NUNA tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg. Yana lullube 4.5 km daga Admiralty zuwa Alexander Nevsky sufi, a haɗa 4 tsibiran a kan Neva River. Da zarar ta yi ciki a matsayin babban "pershpektiva" na gari, Nevsky Prospekt aka gina a garesu a lokaci guda kuma ba kauce wa wani ya faru. Sa'ad da ya kai tsakiyar da magina suka ga kuskure a cikin lissafin, don haka yana da hutu. Sashe na daga abin da aka gina a 1718 daga sufi, da ake kira Neva, da rabo daga cikin Admiralty, wanda aka kammala a 1720, aka mai suna "Mai pershpektiva".

A cigaba da Nevsky Prospekt manyan gidãje daga cikin nobility, Bafilisten gidaje da majami'u da ya kai ga cewa a yau ne a duniya kawai babban titi, inda akwai majami'u duk 4 Kirista ƙungiyõyi, kuma mafi shahara gine-gine da cewa yin up tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg.

A Soviet sau, mu yi kokarin sake suna titi, amma sunayen ba tsira, don haka da Nevsky Prospekt a zamaninmu aka sani, kazalika da Broadway a New York, da Arbat a Moscow da kuma Deribasovskaya a Odessa.

Tofa na Vasilyevsky Island

Don fahimta, shi kama da tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg, isa ya zo a kan Vasilevsky Island. Ko da a cikin sau Bitrus I, an yanke shawarar yin cigaban "kibiya" Vasilyevsky Island.

A karkashin aikin, akwai da za a gina, "Sha biyu allon" (mafi girma jihar ma'aikata), da Stock Exchange, Cathedral da Gostiny Dvor, amma yi a kan ra'ayin da aka gane kawai partially. Curiosities aka gina da kuma fadar Sarauniya Praskovya Feodorovna, wanda a saboda abin da na Academy of Sciences.

A gefen kudu na harabar da aka kafa, da kuma a gefen arewa na "kibau." Sun berths for Ana saukewa jiragen ruwa da kuma musayar inda kulla da aka sanya. Akwai kuma wani falo da tsakar gida gidaje.

A cikin marigayi 18th karni, an yanke shawarar yin sake fasalin kudin da Exchange da kuma gina sabon gine-gine na makarantar kimiyya. Saboda wannan tsibirin ya bayyana majestic mashirya hasumiya, wanda a yau ne "ya kira katin" na tsibirin.

A gaban da Neva embankment

A farko kwata cewa da zarar ya gana da waje jiragen ruwa, da ake kira Turanci. Sauka a hankali ta yi nan da nan ya mayar da hankali ne a kan gaskiyar cewa ta ne "fuska" na gari da kuma gudanar a kan manufa da "m facades". Bayan ta ta a dutse a cikin marigayi 18th karni shi ya zama mafi gaye wurare na birnin. A nan ne gidan da take ta fi misalta mutane na Rasha Empire.

Palace Square

Hoton na Palace Square aka kafa a hankali. Gina a 1762 Rastrelli kyau Winter Palace, yake kallon bayan gida a kan sauran gefen square. Its yi ya fara dogon tsari, tun kawai 1829, tsara da Carlo Rossi gina mafi tsawo arched gini a Turai da aka kammala. Kunsha na 2 gine-gine da alaka da wani nasara baka, gini, kuma a yau aka karin a cikin kyakkyawa da monumentality.

A 1834, shi da aka shigar a cikin Palace Square Alexander Column. A cikin 40s yankin kara girman hedkwatar gini Guards Corps da kuma Post yadi.

UNESCO al'adunmu

A gaba dayan tarihin cibiyar na St. Petersburg, da watsuwar wanda ba aika da da kyakkyawa da alheri, yana kunshe a cikin sansanonin da Hukumar UNESCO jerin. Wata ila ya yi shi ne daya daga cikin "ƙarami" na tarihi Monuments na wannan size a cikin wannan jerin.