A tushe na ragargaje. Abin da ƙasũsuwa samar da tushe daga cikin kwanyar

The mutum kwanyar wakiltar wani gagarumin bangaren na musculoskeletal tsarin. The tarin ƙashi na daga cikin shugaban - wani tsarin da ma'anar da siffar da kuma hidima matattarã ga kwakwalwa da kuma azanci shine gabobin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin kwanyar located wasu abubuwa na numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin. To ya m ƙasũsuwa a haɗe tsokoki, ciki har da na fuska da kuma daukan taban. Don rarrabe tsakanin wadannan kashi kashi na mutum kwanyar: fuska da kwakwalwa, amma wannan rabo ne kawai a matsayin sabani, kamar yadda shi ne rabo a cikin wani sa da tushe. Domin mafi yawan girman kwanyar kashi yana da wani hadadden sababbu siffar. Su suna da alaka da juna ta hanyar seams iri-iri. The kawai m hadin gwiwa a kwarangwal na shugaban - shi ne temporomandibular hadin gwiwa, da hannu a cikin tsari na daukan taban da kuma jawabin.

Tiyata da mutum kwanyar: kwakwalwa sashen

Wannan sashen yana da wani mai siffar zobe siffar da ya ƙunshi cikin kwakwalwa. Kwanyar kafa unpaired (occipital, frontal da sphenoid) da tururi (na boko da kuma parietal) ƙasũsuwa. Its girma ne game 1500 cc. Gwajin ra'ayi ne a sashen na fuska. Upper girman ƙashi - m (daga) da kuma lebur. Su ne in mun gwada bakin ciki, amma sturdy faranti, wanda aka located a cikin bargo. mutum kwanyar, photo na wanda aka gabatar a kasa - shi ne mai hadaddun da cikakken tsari, kowane kashi na wanda yana da aiki.

gaban ofishin

Amma ga gyara man fuska yankin, to, shi yana bi guda biyu maxillary da zygomatic kasũsuwa, ashe, unpaired mandibular, palatal, tashar wutar lantarki, hyoid kashi da lacrimal, vomer, hanci kashi da kuma na baya turbinate. Hakora kuma yavlyutsya ɓangare na gyara man fuska ragargaje. A halayyar alama na unpaired ƙasũsuwa sashen - gaban a cikinsu na iska cavities, wanda ake amfani da thermal rufi a cikin jikin. Wadannan kasusuwa samar bango baka da kuma hanci cavities, kazalika da kwasfansu. Sifa da mutum halaye cimma wani iri-iri na fuska fasali.

girma Features

mutum kwanyar haltta ya dade da aka yi karatu, amma har yanzu abin mamaki. A kan aiwatar da girma, sa'an nan da tsufa, da siffar da shugaban dabam sekleta. An sani cewa jariran da mu'amala tsakanin fuska da cerebral sassan ba kamar a manya: a karo na biyu predominates. Kwanyar na wani jariri da santsi, a haɗa gidajen abinci halin da elasticity. Bugu da ƙari, ƙashi ne yanzu tsakanin baka rabo connective nama ko fontanels. Sun sa shi yiwuwa a biya diyya ɓangare na zagayayyen kwanya a lokacin haihuwa ba tare da kwakwalwa lalacewa. By shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa fontanels "rufe". shugaban fara ƙara ƙaruwa, a size. Game da shekara bakwai da baya da kuma kafa gaban part, da madara hakora ana maye gurbinsu da 'yan qasar. Up zuwa shekaru 13 na haihuwa vault da tushe daga cikin kwanyar girma a ko'ina da kuma ba sauri. Sa'an nan ya zo da nuna daga cikin frontal da fuska sashen. Bayan shekaru 13 ya fara nuna jima'i da bambance-bambance. A boys, da kwanyar zama mafi elongated da taimako, a 'yan mata da aka taso keya, kuma m. Ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin mata da adadin kwakwalwa sashen kasa da maza (tun da kwarangwal a manufa baya zuwa namiji a size).

A kadan more game da su shekaru

A mafi tsawo ci gaba da girma da kuma ci gaban da fuska yankin, amma bayan 20-25 shekaru, da kuma ya ragae down. Bayan kai mutum 30-shekara-tsufa fara zuwa girma seams. A tsofaffi akwai wani karu da elasticity da ƙarfin ƙasũsuwa (ciki har da kai), akwai wani nakasawa da fuska yankin (musamman saboda hakori asara da kuma tabarbarewar masticatory aiki). Human kwanyar, wanda photos za a iya gani a kasa, nasa ne da tsohon mutum, kuma ya bayyana a lokaci daya.

Arch da kuma tushe

Brain kwanyar da aka hada biyu unequal sassa. A iyaka tsakanin su kara da dan kadan a kasa a layin a guje daga baki zuwa infraorbital zygomatic tsari. Yana daidai da sandan-zygomatic dinki sai wuce a saman waje Ft Irfan bude da kuma kai occipital kunya. Gani vault, kuma tushe na kwanyar ba su da hujjõji iyaka, don haka wannan rabo ne matukar.

Wani abu a sama da wannan m iyakar line, da aka sani da vault ko rufin. Arch kafa ta parietal da frontal ƙasũsuwa da occipital da kuma na boko ƙasũsuwa. All aka gyara na da baka - lebur.

A tushe na wannan - shi ne ƙananan ɓangare na ragargaje. manyan bude located a cibiyar. Therethrough girman kwanyar rami an haɗa da vertebral canal. Sa'an nan kuma akwai da yawa magunguna domin jijiyoyi da jini.

Abin da ƙasũsuwa samar da tushe daga cikin kwanyar

A gefen surface daga cikin tushe suna kafa ta guda biyu na boko kashi (more daidai, su Sikeli). Bayan su shige da occipital kashi, wanda yana da wani hemispherical siffar. Ya kunshi da dama lebur sassa, wanda a cikin shekaru 3-6 shekaru ne gaba daya Fused cikin daya. A tsakãninsu akwai manyan rami. Tsananin magana, tushe na kwanyar ya shafi kawai ɓangare na basilar da Anterior occipital kashi.

Wani muhimmin bangare ne na tushe - da sphenoid kashi. Yana ta haɗu da cheekbones, da mabudin da lacrimal kashi, kuma a Bugu da kari a gare su - da aka ambata riga occipital da kuma na boko.

Cuneiform kashi da aka yi sama da manyan da kananan matakai, da fuka-fuki na jikinsa ne. Shi ne tsakaitã da yayi kama da malam ko wani irin ƙwaro da fikafikansu. Its surface ne m, Bumpy, tare da da yawa bumps, twists kuma ramukan. Daga cikin occipital kashi sandan ne alaka sinhrondozom.

tushe ciki

A surface na ciki tushe - m concave raba peculiar mukamai. Yana recapitulates kwakwalwa topography. ciki kwanyar tushe hada da uku ramuka: a baya, na tsakiya da kuma gaban. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne mafi zurfi da kuma capacious. An kafa ta rabo daga cikin occipital, sphenoid, parietal kashi, kazalika da raya surface na dala. A na baya fossa ne a zagaye rami, wanda kara da occipital ciki protrusion occipital dagi.

A kasa na tsakiyar fossa ne: sphenoid kashi, scaly surface na boko kashi da kuma gaban farfajiya na dala. A tsakiyar shi ne abin da ake kira Turkish sirdi, wanda gidaje da pituitary. Don tushe na sella dace carotid sulcus. Side sassan tsakiyar fossa mafi zurfi, da dama ramuka a gare su, suna yi nufi ga jijiyoyi (ciki har da na gani).

Game da gaban da tushe, shi ne kafa a kananan reshe na sphenoid kashi, orbital ɓangare na frontal da ethmoid kashi. Bauta (tsakiyar) ɓangare na fossa aka kira cockscomb.

matsanancin surface

Mene ne tushe na kwanyar daga waje? Da fari dai, ta gaba, na (wanda ya bambanta da palate kashi, hakora, da kuma iyakance maxillary alveolar matakai) boye fuska ƙasũsuwa. Abu na biyu, da raya tushe ne kafa rabu boko, occipital kashi. Kamar yadda akwai da dama daga ramukan don nassi na jini da kuma jijiyoyi. A tsakiyar rabo daga tushe maida hankali ne akan foramen magnum, da tarnaƙi daga waxanda suke da wannan sunan condyles. Suna da alaka da mahaifa vertebral shafi. A cikin matsanancin surface daga cikin tushe ma dake styloid da mastoid pterygoid kashi sphenoid da yawa ramukan (lakar, stylomastoid) da kuma tashoshi.

raunin da ya faru

A tushe na kwanyar, sa'a, ba kamar yadda m matsayin sa. Lalacewar da wannan bangare ne in mun gwada rare, amma suna da tsanani sakamakon. A mafi yawan lokuta su sa ne fall daga mai tsawo, bi da saukowa a kai ko kafafu, hatsarori da kuma bumps a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi da tushe daga cikin hanci. Mafi sau da yawa a sakamakon irin ayyuka lalace da na boko kashi. Fractures tushe tare liquorrhea (karewa na cerebrospinal ruwa daga kunnen ko daga hanci), bleedings.

Idan lalace cikin agara girman kwanyar fossa, kafa bruising kusa da idanu, idan talakawan - bruising a yankin na mastoid tsari. Bayan liquorrhea da kuma zub da jini a tushe samu karaya iya faruwa ji hasara, hasara na iyawa, inna, da kuma lalacewar da jijiyoyi.

Raunin da kwanyar tushe take kaiwa a mafi kyau ga curvature daga cikin kashin baya, a mafi mũnin - don kammala inna (tun da suka haifar da disrupted sadarwa tsakanin CNS da kwakwalwa). Mutanen da suka sun samu karaya da irin wannan sau da yawa sha meningitis.