Active tundra shuke-shuke

A arewa na Rasha, daga Chukotka da Kola Larabawa da kuma kara tundra zone. Shi ne a ci gaba da tsiri da kuma daukan ba more kuma kasa - 14% na Rasha ƙasa. A wannan yankin, a sosai matsananci yanayi. Winter nan yana zuwa 8 months, da kuma sauran lokaci da dama a kan wani sanyi da kuma lokacin bazaar takaice. Kuma a watan Yuli (mafi zafi watan) da talakawan zafin jiki ne kawai 10 digiri. A nan, babu wanda aka yi mamaki ko daskarewa snow da cewa ya fadi a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Kuma a cikin wadannan matsananci yanayin gudanar da tsira da shuke-shuke da dabbobi na tundra.

Kusan duk da sararin ƙasa na tundra permafrost ne na kowa. Kuma ƙasa a cikin wadannan wurare thaws, a lokacin rani, sa'an nan kuma wani m zurfin - 1.5-2 mita high, kuma sau da yawa har ma da kasa. A zurfin ƙasa wannan ta'allaka har abada daskararre ƙasa. Kuma wannan permafrost a kan shuke-shuke a cikin tundra yana da karfi da tasiri. Haka kuma, bugu ba tabbatacce. Bayan wani kusa da kusanci na kankara a ɗaure a cikin ƙasa ba da damar da tushen girma zurfi. Bã su da su zama abun ciki tare da kawai saman Layer na kasar gona. Har ila yau, permafrost ba da damar danshi to seep saukar. Kuma shi na taimaka wa Marshes.

Wani tundra shuke-shuke da daidaita da wa musamman haske yanayin - da iyakacin duniya rana. Inda a lokacin rani da rana ta fito low, amma na haskakawa kewaye da kowane lokaci. Kuma godiya ga 'yan qasar shuke-shuke a lokacin da girma kakar gajeren lokaci don samun isasshen haske, a kalla ba da yawa karami shuke-shuke tsakiyar latitudes. A tsanani haske a cikin tundra ne ma mafi girma, saboda da tsarki da kuma nuna gaskiya da yanayi na yankin. Kuma 'yan qasar shuke-shuke sun saba daidai to irin wannan shafe tsawon rana da kuma da ci gaba.

Saboda haka, a cikin tundra mafi m ga rayuwar wani saman Layer na kasar gona. Har ila yau dumi isasshen nan kuma a magangara mafi ƙasƙanci Layer na yanayi, wanda shi ne m zuwa ga ƙasa. Kuma wadannan biyu yadudduka za a iya auna kawai 'yan santimita. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa da yawa daga cikin shuke-shuke da tundra na low girma da kuma a zahiri mĩƙe a ƙasa. Su tushen tsarin girma, yafi horizontally, kusan ba tare da faruwa. Kuma a cikin wadannan latitudes girma mai yawa da shuke-shuke, da ganyen wanda ake tattara a cikin rosette, kazalika da dukan masu rarrafe Bishiyoyi da sarƙaƙƙiya. Suna kawai "koya" to samu matsakaicin amfani daga zafin dake kusa da ƙasa, kuma a lokaci guda a magance karfi gida iska.

Kuma babban shuke-shuke da tundra - shi ne mosses da lichens. Su ne quite mai yawa jinsunan, kuma sũ, sau da yawa an rufe shi da sararin expanses na ci gaba da kafet. Mafi yawan waɗannan mosses da lichen hade ba kawai tare da tundra. Alal misali, irin Bryophyta kamar yadda hilokomium, plevrotsium, Kukushkin flax ko lichens irin deer gansakuka samu a dazuzzuka. Amma akwai kuma wadanda iri na shuke-shuke da cewa za a iya samu ne kawai a cikin tundra. Dukan su suna daidai canja wurin tundra sauyin yanayi. Wadannan shuke-shuke iya ciyar da hunturu a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara kamar, kuma ba tare da shi.

Amma tundra ciyayi ba haka monotonous. A wasu wurare, da kafet na gansakuka da lichen diluted gansakuka bogs. A wasu wuraren, girma kagaggun shrubs - mai tsayi bearberry, kuropatochya ciyawa, blueberries, Veronica. Da kuma kusa da gandun daji-tundra zone akwai goge, kunsha na Dwarf Birch da Willow. Har ila yau, kusa da gandun daji da kuma kogin kwaruruka na permafrost Layer ne kadan zurfi. Iskõki a cikin wadannan yankunan, ma, ba kamar yadda tsanani. Kuma a nan za ka iya samun itatuwa kamar larch kuma Birch. Amma wadannan shuke-shuke da tundra ne sosai pathetic, su tsawo ne ba fiye da 6 mita.

Kuma a lokacin rani a cikin tundra sosai a taƙaice Bloom launi daban-daban, kamar manta-ni-iyakacin duniya poppies, bluebells, dandelions, buttercups, saxifrage, da sauransu. Tsire-tsire girma a nan, mafi yawa Evergreen da perennial. Ba su bukatar kowace shekara don rasa daraja lokaci domin ci gaba da raya kasa, kazalika da barasan na ganye. Amma da suka girma sannu a hankali, daukana a 'yan millimeters a kowace shekara. Shi ne kuma kusa da fall nan nunarsa daban-daban berries kamar cloudberry, rasberi, lingonberry, Cranberry da blueberry.