Matsayi na Moss: fasali da halaye na asali

A cikin duniyar faduwa suna da manyan litattafai. Kimanin kashi 70 cikin 100 na yawan yawan na ƙasar sun sha kashi ne a yankin Kudancin Amirka. A cikin Rasha, wannan adadi ya kai kimanin kashi 37 cikin 100 na yankunan kasar, a Siberia ta Yamma - 42% na duka ƙasar.

Asalin lokaci da ma'ana

Rashin fadin shi ne yanayin halitta na duniya, wanda shine saman duniya tare da ruwa mai zurfi da tara ruwa. Yawancin ciyayi da aka tara a cikin ruwa, da kuma hada kwayoyin halitta suke faruwa. Ana iya la'akari da ruba a matsayin kwayar halitta mai rai, wanda ke tsiro a lokacin tarawa na peat, yana kara girma da kuma tasowa. Idan tsarin gyaran kafa na peat ya ƙare, to wannan wuri ya zama cikin koshin peat. An kafa su ne bayan bushewa da kogunan ruwa ko tafkuna ko ta hanyar tayar da ruwa.

Akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban: lowland, transitional da upland. Harshen na ƙarshe ya haɗa da marsh, wanda za'a tattauna a cikin littafin.

Bayyanar da fasali

Samar da jigon kwari yana da matakai daban-daban. Na farko, an yi amfani da ganyen da ake kira "furankin flax" a cikin gandun daji da kuma cikin gandun daji. Yana da ikon riƙe yawan adadin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da kaddamar da peat. Yawancin lokaci, farfajiyar peat na tsire-tsire, kuma yankin yana ƙaruwa. Tsarin ruwa na farfajiyar shimfidar wuri ya canza, an kuma sake sabunta shuke-shuken: mai tabbatar da ruwan sha yana bayyana a wurin da aka shuka. Hakan yafi girma, kuma a sakamakon haka, bishiyoyi sun mutu a wuraren da ke cikin ƙasa. A karshe mataki ya bayyana sphagnum (Sphagnum) - gashin fata, bayan da aka kira marshes gansakuka. Yana sha ruwa kuma yana da siffar convex.

White gansakuka (Sphagnum) qara a ruwa wanda shi ne matalauta a narkewa salts. Masarar Masara suna tsiro ne inda ruwan yake gudana kuma yana da karfi. Har ila yau yana da damar yin lada, yana gina saman, kuma ɓangaren ƙananan juyi yana juyawa kuma ya juya cikin peat.

Gudun dajin Moss yana cikin manyan yankuna da zurfin mita 4. Ana iya ganin su a cikin lardin Arkhangelsk, kuma a Siberia.

Ta yaya moss peat bogs ya zama?

Wannan rudun yana kafa ta asalin peat (Spnagnum). Yana faruwa a ƙasa mai laushi tare da iska mai iska. An kafa Marshes a cikin shinge mai shinge, yashi mai yashi da yumbu, duwatsu (yammacin yammacin Sweden da Norway). Wadannan masallatai suna mai dadi kuma ba su girma a yanayin zafi da busassun iska. Har ila yau, suna kwantar da ruwa. Ruwa a cikin abun da yake ciki shine matalauta a nitrogen, lemun tsami (zai iya haifar da mutuwar ganga), phosphoric acid da potassium. Properties na peat bogs: haske da mummification.

Rashin fadin Moss yana da wani wuri mai banƙyama, wanda aka rufe da mounds, wanda aka kafa a kusa da tsofaffin tsalle. Yana da dadi sosai bayan hanya mai gajiya don zauna da hutawa a kan raƙuman busassun ruwa, saboda ruwan yana da sanyi a rana mai zafi, saboda peat yana da mummunar aiki na thermal. Babban mawallafin {asar Rasha N. Nekrasov ya bayyana cewa, yanayi a Rasha shine "kochi, moss bogs, da stumps".

Rubutun da aka sani sananniyar

Dabbobi da tsuntsaye

Yawancin mazaunan marshes suna da ƙananan ƙananan kuma an daidaita su ne a wuraren da ke cikin ruwa. A cikin labaran murya irin waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa:

• Tsuntsaye da ke gida a kan kwandon masarar ruwa: kwalliya, raguwa, baƙarar fata, cranes, ducks, herons da chibis, reeds, maintowing mint, ragtail rawaya, oatmeal, kestrel, ƙahon maida, cheglock.
• Dabbobi: raccoon, moose, otter, muskrat da mink.
• Dabbobi masu shayarwa: ruwa vole, shrew, vole, kowa shrew, duhu kuma ja voles. Gudun daji suna zama mafaka a gare su, suna ciyar da tsaba da furanni da ganye, berries.
• Dabbobi daban-daban (sauro, kwari, mites).
• Dabbobi: viper da lizard lizard.
• Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa: m toad da ciyawa rana, fadama kunkuru.

A cikin kwararru mai kwakwalwa suna rayuwa wasu dabbobi da aka jera a cikin Red Book.

Tsire-tsire

Irin wannan tsire-tsire yayi girma a kan ganyen kwari:

• Berries: cloudberry, cranberries, cranberries (girma a kan miƙa mulki da hawa bogs) da blueberries.
• Kyakkyawan, stubby Pine da dwarf Birch.
• A North America da Danube girma cypress fadama.
• Rosyanka, sedge, Labrador shayi, pemphigus, iska.
• Rufin ƙasa: rufin sphagnum da ciyawa auduga.

Fauna na moss bogs ne matalauta. Bishiyoyi sun warwatse cikin ƙananan lambobi, don haka ga dabbobi, shayarwa ba ta da yawa. Tsuntsaye da manyan dabbobi ba su da isasshen tsari.

Mshara - mece ce?

Moss peat bogs a arewa kira mshara ko msharnik. Wannan shi ne sunan kochkarnik, wanda ya fi girma tare da gansakuka. A shuka shi ne stalk, densely dasa tare da ganye. Kusa da ganyayyaki suna rassan da ke ratayewa da kuma dacewa da tushe. Dutsen da tushe yana da sel mai walƙiya da ramuka da ramuka, don haka ya zama ginshiƙan. Ta hanyar da su, ruwa ya tashi daga ƙasa, kuma peat mosses cika da ruwa. Bayan lokaci, tsofaffin sassa sun mutu, sun juya zuwa peat, kuma mafi girma suna girma. Irin wannan kumbura sakamakon sakamakon ruwa yana girma a fadin, tsawo da tsawon. Sakamakon ita ce masallaci mai tasowa wanda yayi sama da matakin ruwa. Masharniki suna da wadata a cikin rassan bishiyoyi, kuma a cikinsu suna girma da masarar ruwa.

Gudun Moss na da mahimmanci a cikin kyan ganiyar kyan gani.