Alluran pneumococcal cutar ga yara: dauki da feedback

A cewar WHO, pneumococci sau da yawa zama jamiái na kwayan cututtuka a cikin mutane. Yau, statistics ne cewa kwayoyin ne dalilin mutuwar for miliyan 1.2. Mutane ko'ina cikin shekara. Wannan yawan mutane fiye da 40% ne yara a karkashin 5 shekara. Na abin da ake kira al'umma-samu ciwon huhu, da yawan wanda a Rasha daya da rabi da miliyan a shekara, har zuwa 75% na lokuta da manya fara wadannan kwayoyin - pneumococci. Game da yara a cikin shekaru kungiyar na zuwa 5 shekaru, akwai wani kaso daga hannu a cikin tsari na pneumococci kai 90.

All yara samun lafiya otitis tare da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani. Aƙalla 30-35% na dukkan lokuta da m otitis kafofin watsa labarai a cikin matasa marasa lafiya da aka qaddamar da pneumococci. Wadannan cututtuka ne halin da su high nauyi kwarara da wani babban yiwuwa na perforation na eardrum. Sau da yawa za ka iya ji daga masana game da ci gaban orthogene intracranial rikitarwa, to rabu da abin da ya kamata a za'ayi akai-akai isasshen tympanostomy. A tsari ne mai m baki to remediation na tsakiyar kunne rami da tanadi da matsayin da tsakiyar kunne ƙasũsuwa.

Alluran pneumococcal cuta a cikin manya da yara zai iya muhimmanci inganta halin da ake ciki tare da ya faru na wannan Mafarin.

Pneumococcal cuta: wanda shi ne wanda ya?

Streptococcus pneumoniae ne daya daga cikin aka gyara na al'ada microflora daga cikin manya na numfashi tsarin da lafiya mutum. Up to 70% na yawan - shi na goyon bayan daya ko fiye iri kananan kwayoyin. Daga cikin yara, matakin da 'unguwa' ne ya fi tsakanin manya. A kalla matakin na karusa na wadanda suka rayu, aiki da kuma girma a kungiyoyin (pre-makaranta da makarantu, aiki kungiyoyin, da dai sauransu).

Wannan kwayoyin da aka hada da wani polysaccharide kwantena cewa zai iya kashe ci gaban da wata barã'aa cikin yara, matasa, fiye da shekaru 2. Yau, kimiyya sani game da wanzuwar 84 subtypes na pneumococcus. Tare da ci gaban da zamanin maganin rigakafi ne quite m microbe Streptococcus pneumoniae ya zama fairly m microorganisms resistant zuwa gargajiya maganin rigakafi girma kwayoyi. A matakin na jure penicillin ne yanzu a kusa da 50%, to chloramphenicol da tetracycline - 30%. Tun da penicillin kungiyar na maganin rigakafi ne fadi da isa, sa'an nan bã zã su kasance tasiri a infecting kwayoyin kamar pneumococcus. Alurar riga kafi a irin haka - kadai hanyar da ya lashe tare da kadan asarar a yaki da wannan kananan kwayoyin. Yana da daraja ambata cewa cutar yawanci tasowa quite da sauri (yawanci ba fiye da 3 days), da kuma lokacin da za a yi bincike a kan definition na digiri na ji na ƙwarai to wasu iri maganin rigakafi ba yanzu.

Yanzu da tambaya pneumococcal juriya ga maganin rigakafi yana zama ƙara muhimmanci, shi ne mafi zama da mafi gaggawa matsala.

Abin da alluran da ake amfani da shi?

A halin yanzu, Rasha yana amfani da iri biyu alluran ga hanya kamar alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal kamuwa da cuta: polysaccharide da conjugated zuwa furotin formulations.

Na farko da kungiyar (polysaccharide) ne Mafi sani maganin Pneumo-23 (sanofipaster). The bayani ne a cakuda 23 na tsarkake polysaccharide daga serotypes kama adadin. Wannan rukuni na serotypes za a iya amince dangana 90% na na ware daga jini, da kuma mafiya yawa daga cikin damuwa gano a cikin ƙasa na Rasha. Yanzu a mataki na rajista ne wani irin maganin - "Pneumovax-23."

Daga cikin irin conjugated alluran a Rasha da aka hukuma da rajista da kuma shi ne a halin yanzu a cikin yin amfani da "Prevenar 7". Bakwai serotypes kunshe a abun da ke ciki, a hade 87% na pneumococcal na ware ya kasance majinyaci yara daga Amurka da kuma wasu sauran ƙasashe. Saboda gaskiya cewa serotipovaya hoto a Amurka da kuma Rasha ne kusan guda, za mu iya ɗauka cewa "Prevenar 7" zai kuma zama mai tasiri a cikin Rasha Federation, kazalika a Amurka.

A shekaru fuska ga lamba kan pneumococcus

"Pneumo-23" ga lamba da aka gudanar da zarar subcutaneously ko intramuscularly. Za a iya alurar riga kafi fara daga 2-hletnego shekaru, sashi - 0.5 ml. Re-lamba za a iya za'ayi ba a baya fiye da bayan shekaru 3 bayan na karshe allura.

Alluran pneumococcal cutar ga yara yin amfani da "Prevenar 7" mai yiwuwa ne tare da 2-hmesyachnogo shekaru. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a cikin layi daya da DTP (a 3, saukarwa). Revaccination za a gudanar a cikin wani yaro yana da shekaru 1.5 years. Duk da haka, irin wannan maganin, akwai da dama da al'amura na lamba. Akwai bayanai a kan tasiri na lamba a 2, saukarwa (a cikin 2nd rabin shekara), bi da wani mai kara amfani. Har ila yau, akwai da lamba makirci a 2 matakai a lokacin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, kuma da zarar na tsawon 2 zuwa 5 shekaru.

A matakin na kariya polysaccharide alluran

High inganci a cikin rigakafin ciwon huhu nuna wani maganin da pneumococcal kamuwa da cuta. Reviews da ilimin kididdiga hukuma ce game da kashi 80% kariya. Masana-epidemiologists bayar da shawarar lamba tare da "Pneumo-23" mutane masu shekaru 18 zuwa shekaru 21 a manyan kungiyoyi da kungiyoyin (kamar soja raka'a). Bayan wani lokaci (2 zuwa 5 months) bayan alurar riga kafi iya sa ran wani karu a cikin abin da ya faru na m na numfashi cututtuka a fiye da 2-Musulunci adadin, mashako - har zuwa 13 sau, ciwon huhu - ba kasa da 6 sau. A rikitarwa ciwon huhu, meningitis da sauran siffofin pneumococcal kwayan kamuwa da cuta da yadda ya dace yawan jeri daga 56 zuwa 81.

A matakin na tasiri na a hanya kamar alurar riga kafi da pneumococcus, rinjayar da shekaru vaccinees. A cikin shekaru kungiyar har zuwa 55 shekaru, da adadi shi ne 93%, daga 55 zuwa 64 shekaru da ya dace rage zuwa 88%. A matakin na kariya da pneumococcus a shekaru daga shekaru 65 zuwa 74 - 80%, a kan 75 shekara - 67%.

Ga marasa lafiya fama da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da kuma broncho-na huhu cututtuka, da matakin kariya da polysaccharide alluran (musamman "pneumo-23") shi ne kamar 69% (as a lafiya da mutane). Nuna wani babban mataki na yadda ya dace da irin wannan maganin a lokacin da amfani a yara kungiyoyin. Good yi ya nuna "Pneumo-23" a hade tare da mura alurar.

Game da sauran maganin rajista a Rasha - "Pneumovax-23" - za a iya ce cewa ta inganci ga mutane da ciwon sukari shi ne 84%, tare da ischemia - 73%. Ga marasa lafiya fama da zuciya rashin cin nasara, wannan kashi ne 69, tare da cike da hushi huhu da kuma asma - 65 ga mutãne a cikin shekaru kungiyar a kan shekaru 65 na tasiri na da miyagun ƙwayoyi o ƙarin zuwa 75%.

A matakin na kariya conjugate alluran

Tare da yin amfani da conjugate maganin alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal cuta ga yara nuna wani babban mataki na yadda ya dace. Rage muhimmanci ba kawai yawan asibiti shiga na yara da ciwon huhu na wani asali, amma kuma da mita na outpatient ziyara ga likita. Muhimmanci inganta halin da ake ciki wajen kisa pneumococcal meningitis.

Pneumococci ne fairly resistant penicillin. "Prevenar-23" shi ne iya kare da damuwa da tsaka-tsaki da kuma high kwanciyar hankali ne 80-100%. Bugu da kari, wannan maganin da high dace a hade tare da wani rabo na mura.

Bisa ga World Health Organization, da yin amfani da conjugate maganin a hanya kamar a alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal cuta ga yara (duk suna zaune a cikin 72 kasashe masu tasowa a duniya), zai iya hana zuwa 407.000 mutuwar kowace shekara.

Zai yiwu halayen zuwa lamba

Alluran pneumococcal cuta kwararru ne a yarda a yi a wani lokaci na shekara da kuma a hade tare da wani sauran alluran (wani togiya aka yi ne kawai domin BCG). A gwamnati na da iri alluran da wasu pneumococci yiwu martani daga jikin mutum. A cikin "Pneumo-23" a cikin mutum marasa lafiya na iya faruwa na gida dauki a cikin nau'i na redness, zafi. A tsanani na dauki ne yawanci rauni, kuma zai iya wuce har zuwa 48 hours. Alluran pneumococcal yaro (reviews na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da kuma iyaye a yarjejeniya a kan wannan batu) a wasu lokuta (ba sau da yawa) na iya haifar da wani kurji, zafi a cikin gidajen abinci.

Akwai lokuta inda marasa lafiya da idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (a shiru lokaci) bayan tsawon daga 2 zuwa 14 days, ɓullo recurrences mikawa har zuwa makonni 2. Yana da nadira ya ji game da anaphylactic jihohi.

Maganin "Prevenar" ne halin da mai kyau yara tolerability. Irin wannan maganin da pneumococcal kamuwa da rikitarwa (muna magana ne game da wani tsanani matsaloli), kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ya sa. Duk da haka, quite sau da yawa bayyana a matsayin gida halayen irritability, barci cuta, sarrafa da jan launi ya kuma busa, karuwa a jiki zafin jiki zuwa 38 C. A kananan yawan yara (game da 5%), da yawan zafin jiki na iya tashi sama 39˚ C.

Ashe, akwai wani contraindications da alluran pneumococcus?

Duk wani janar ko musamman contraindications zuwa lamba ba ga wani daga cikin magani, sai dai cewa da dauki zuwa maganin pneumococcal kamuwa da cuta a baya lokaci. Akwai wasu shawarwari a kan yin amfani da immunology "Pneumo-23" ba kasa da kwanaki 10 kafin a gudanar da immunosuppressive far fara. Rashin bin wadannan umarnin iya gabatar da wani karu a antibody matakan.

Alurar riga kafi na mata masu ciki da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, an yarda ne kawai a kan na karshe trimester. Duk da haka, sai dai tilas, shi ne shawarar da su guji wannan hanya.

A abin da ya faru na pneumococcal cuta: wani rukuni na kasadar

Barin wani hanya kamar a alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal cuta? rikitarwa ga wasu mutane na iya sa fiye da halinta. Masana sun bayar da shawarar dole alurar riga kafi mutane a kan yana da shekaru 65. A wasu raya ƙasashe, lamba na wannan shekara kungiyar zuwa ga daraja da m hanyoyin.

Ya kamata a alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal raunana, sickly da kuma batun arin mutane da ciwon sukari, na kullum mashako, rashi a cardiac da numfashi aiki, aiki na hanta.

Bukatar a alurar riga kafi da pneumococcus (ma'aikatan jinya da sake dubawa - shaidar) mutane tare da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin. Ga a hadarin marasa lafiya da suke da halartar tiyata ga kau na baƙin ciki, da shan wahala daga nephrotic ciwo, sickle cell-anemia. Har ila yau, wannan kungiyar hada da mutanen da suke an yayyo kashin baya ruwa.

Kuma, ba shakka, kada ka manta game da girma tsara. Kajin da shawarar sickly yara (ciki har da wadanda suka kamu da tarin fuka), ya yada zango a manyan kungiyoyin (gandun daji, kindergarten, makaranta). C. 2-hletnego shekaru podiatrists shawara yi wa kajin matasa marasa lafiya fama liquorrhea, asplenic, rashi na dace da gyara da cewa sun shũɗe da hanya na cochlear implant.

Alluran pneumococcal cuta ga yara zai iya rage da tsanani da cuta da kuma rage mace-mace daga wannan mummunan kananan kwayoyin.

A cewar likita kwararru, marasa lafiya, iyaye

Ra'ayi pediatricians, likita kwararru a sauran filayen na magani a kan wannan tambaya unequivocally - alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal cuta (kamar sake dubawa game da gefen talakawa townsfolk ne quite shubuha) - ake bukata. Doctors la'akari da wannan hanya na kare mafi tasiri a yaki da taro cututtuka sosai daban-daban etymology. Yana da kullum sauki da kuma kasa m hana cutar fiye da dauki magani (fiye da daya, kuma yawanci dama ko mafi inoffensive) domin gudanar da mafi kamuwa da nasa sakamakon da rikitarwa.

Daga cikin iyaye pediatrician karfi shawarwari a kan alluran pneumococcus ba ko da yaushe resonate. A sauki mutum, ba likita, godiya ga kafofin watsa labarai "domin tabbatar da sani" cewa damuwa da pneumococcus ne da yawa, da kuma ko maganin zai kare yaro, wanda aka shawarar da likitoci - da babban tambaya. Ko da yake mafiya yawa daga iyaye har yanzu ayan sauraron ra'ayin da wani gwani kuma sha alurar riga kafi.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci za ka iya ji cewa alurar riga kafi da pneumococcal cuta, da rikitarwa da wanda ya kunshi a kiwon da yawan zafin jiki ya ba da tasiri - da yaro ne har yanzu rashin lafiya. A irin haka wajibi ne a kula da tsanani da cuta. Idan yaro yana tari, ya na da yawan zafin jiki har zuwa 38 digiri, kuma ba shi da lafiya 7 kwana - wannan shi ne m. Ba tare da alurar riga kafi sakamakon zai iya zama da yawa muni, mashako, ciwon huhu, arin, da yawa kwayoyi ba su da mafi sauki, da kuma akalla kwanaki 21 da magani.

Summing up

Pneumococcal cutar take kaiwa a duniya domin ci gaba da m na numfashi cuta, obstructive cutar huhu, da dai sauransu Kuma a yau, a cikin zamani high-tech shekaru, da mace-mace kudi daga wannan kananan kwayoyin ne babban isa. Saboda haka, wani ɓangare na iyaye lamba da pneumococcus yaro (feedback - ba da irin bayanai da ya kamata a shiryar da a irin haka) - wannan shi ne wata dama don kare ta yaro, su hana ci gaban tsanani cututtuka a karkashin nisa-debo, ba su da karkashin kanta babu wata hujja, pretexts.