Kunstkamera - gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma ilimi ma'aikata

A bara, da Museum of Anthropology da Ethnography mai suna bayan Petra Velikogo bikin shekaru 300. Shi ne magaji jihar na farko jama'a gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha, ta kafa da Sarkin sarakuna a 1714. Kunstkamera - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a duk duniya da kuma mafi tsufa ethnographic gidajen tarihi, a cikin asusun yana da fiye da miliyan 1.2 kofe.

Kamar yadda suka

A ra'ayi na mahaliccin, ta ya zama madugu na kimiyya tunani a turai a Rasha al'umma. Kunstkamera - Museum dogara ne a kan misali na kasashen Turai. Dalili na tarin taro da aka kawo ta Bitrus I na farko diplomasiyya tafiya zuwa Turai a karkashin "Great Ofishin Jakadancin". Kafin shi, babu daya daga Rasha tsars ba yunkurin ziyarci Turai.

A dukan shekara, Bitrus I yana kasar waje incognito a matsayin ɗan sanda Petra Mihaylova, tare da ofishin jakadancin ziyarci wani yawan ƙasashe. Ya yi karatu sirri tarin ofisoshin masana kimiyya, ya yi magana da Turai masana, nã kiran su ne zuwa ga aiki a Rasha, ya yi karatu a layi daya cinikayya da kimiyya. Bitrus ya da wani biyu tafiya bayan shekaru ashirin.

Bitrus da farko a Turai

Known bayani da ya kai ziyara da suke da halayyar da zai amfane shi. Alal misali, tun da ya isa a Dresden a yamma, Bitrus, bayan sa'a guda daga dare ya tafi abincin dare don matsahi na saba da tarin na Kunstkammer, inda ya zauna a can har safe, a hankali karatu da sashe na ilmin lissafi kida da craft kayan aikin. Farfado Kunstkammer musamman sha'awar da shi, na biyu da na uku ranar tsaya a Dresden bayan kallon atisayen sojin, ma'ajiyar makamai da kuma foundry gidan, ya sake koma zuwa gare su.

A cikin Netherlands, bayan koyan cewa wani haraji kiyaye wani Roman sarcophagus, Rasha sarki ya bayyana kwadayin ganin shi. Bayan na tashi na mai rubuce cewa Bitrus Mai girma da girmamawa ga ofishin, amma a lokacin da ya koya da cewa abu ne sa a cikin wani duhu kãshi, nema candelabras tare da kyandirori, kuma yayi nazari dukan akwatin gawa da kuma wasu daga ta Figures, durkushe.

free ƙofar

Adari a kan kafa Kunstkammer ya ba, amma kafuwar gidan kayan gargajiya ake dangantawa da oda na Bitrus I don canja wurin zuwa St. Petersburg zaman kansa tarin kuma library, kazalika da tarin "naturals" kuma littattafan Aptekarskaya ofishin.

Collections aka sanya shi a cikin da Summer Palace na sarki, da kuma daga baya, a 1719, - a ɗakunan ajiya na kwace Boyar Kikin, a cikin wannan shekara Kunstkamery farfado sun fili samuwa a kan umarni na sarki.

Kamar yadda tsoho labari, Bitrus I, ya shiga Museum da rarities, ya sanar da cewa a yanzu kowa ke samun damar zuwa su saba da na'urar na jikin mutum da dabbobi, kazalika da gano da yawa kwari, bari mutane dubi bambancin duniya na duniya ta mazaunan. Mataimakin sarki Earl Yaguzhinskii lura cewa curiosities (St. Petersburg) a cikin bukatar taimakon kudi da kuma miƙa wa cajin ziyarar daya dollar. Sarkin da shawara ba so, sai ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi da gaban, kowane baƙo wanda ya zo da su bi da shayi, kofi, ko vodka. Ba da da ewa manyan m of a shekara da aka kasaftawa ga 400 rubles da su bi da baƙi. Wannan hadisin ya na da wani cin nasara, kuma ya wanzu a zamanin mulkin Anny Ioannovny - duk azuzuwan, ba tare da togiya, zai zo kuma tilas idin kofi da kuma gurasa ko vodka.

A zabi fadi ...

Kunstkamera - wani m wuri inda farfado tattara a cikin wani karamin wuri sanad da kowa da kowa tare da duniya da duk da bambancin. The farfado tattara a ko'ina cikin kasar dangane da gwamnatin dokoki. An muhimmiyar rawa a fadada daga tarin wasa gida da ilimi balaguro, receipts daga mutane da sayen daga kasashen waje.

The tarin ne kullum girma, sabili da haka, ake bukata ya fi girma gabatarwa, da kuma nĩsa daga cibiyar Kikin Chambers buga saukar da muhimmancin da zuba jari a cikin wannan "ilimi" aikin na sarki. A cewar labari, da zarar Peter aka tafiya a kan Vasilevsky Island da kuma ya faru da lura biyu Pine itatuwa, wani reshe na daya daga cikinsu a matsayin girma a cikin akwati na sauran, shi ne wuya a tantance abin da na su shi ne da mulkin. Wannan sabon abu, a bisa al'ada, ya ba shi da ra'ayin gina wani gidan kayan gargajiya na curiosities a wannan wuri.

A sabon ginin

New musamman gini da aka aza a 1718, marubucin na aikin ya Mattarnovi. Bayan shi har 1734 daukaka na ƙungiyar mawaƙa daukan wani uku gine-ginen. Construction aka motsi sosai a hankali, Petr Veliky ya samu kawai ganuwar. A shekara, bayan mutuwarsa, da tarin aka mayar da su cikin wanda ba a kare gini. A karshe, cikin shiri da aka kammala, da kuma Turai gasped - kome kamar shi ya taba gani. Yana da aka haka tunanin fitar da cewa ba tare da manyan gyare-gyare a tsaya har sai da yanzu lokaci.

Gina hadisai gina a Peter Baroque, kunsha na biyu uku-storey gine-gine, da siffar da Baroque alaka tiered hasumiya, wanda yana da wani hadadden Dome ƙarshe.

Peter aikin

Shekaru goma bayan halittar tarin Petr Veliky aiwatuwa kashi na biyu na "ilimi" aikin. A 1724, Sarkin sarakuna da kuma majalisar dattijai kafa Academy of Sciences. Yanzu, Kunstkamera da Library ne na farko ma'aikata da kuma "shimfiɗar jariri," na Rasha Academy.

Museum na Academy of Sciences fara wani sabon rai. A cikin ganuwar ta aka mayar da hankali arziki collections, gudanar da kimiyya aiki da kuma amfaninsa, kula daukan hotuna manyan kimiyya sojojin na kasar - duk da wannan sanya shi a gaske musamman kimiyya ma'aikata a Turai a kan kungiyar na aikin da aka ba musamman.

Kunstkamera - shi ne ba kawai da kimiyya tushe na Academy of Sciences, amma kuma wani muhimmin al'adu da ilimi ma'aikata. Cikin ganuwar, da yawa shahararren masana kimiyya aiki a Rasha, daga gare su, MV Lomonosov, ya kasance wani bayanin da ma'adanai, wanda aka kiyaye a cikin Museum.

gidan kayan gargajiya farfado

Impressionable mutane ba su duba adam malformations. Ba kowa yana da karfin halin jurewa wurin, kama freaks Kunstkamery: Siamese tagwaye, wanda ba za a iya raba (photo kwarangwal), wani yaro haife a sakamakon lalatar, iyali, da sauransu. Har ila yau a cikin m kama wani katako, da kwalkwali, da aka kawo daga Alaska (Mithila tsibirin). Mongolian shamans amfani da wani sarewa daga wani mutum femur. Gimmick hidima Sin shayi, marurai daga hasken rana zafi. Akwai Greater Academic (Gottorp) Globe, ya mayar da na yanzu juyawa inji tare da ilmin taurari star Charts ciki.

Tikiti za a iya saya a majalisar na curiosities daga 11:00 zuwa 17:00 kowace rana, sai dai Litinin, a cikin wadannan adireshin: University Embankment, 3.