Bitrus Baroque. Halaye na Baroque

St. Petersburg, dauke daya daga ƙarami na manyan birane na duniya, shi ne mai gaske musamman kira na ado yayi na tsufa tare da kasashen Turai da kuma Rasha hadisai. Masana sun ce cewa ya m style aka qaddara abun ciki na zamanin da ta asalin. Bayan duk, birnin da aka halitta a cikin farkon karni na goma sha bakwai, wanda zai iya ba ya shafar ta bayyanar.

Gina rinjãya nufin mutum daya - Petra Velikogo, ya tunawa duk da bambancin da Turai gine. Kamanninsa aka halitta a hankali da na karshe Rasha tsar a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Frantsa Leforta da Vinius - Dutch kasuwa, wanda ya mallakar wata babbar tarin zane-zane da kwafi. Su Turai da kuma, musamman, da Dutch birnin da mafi fili nuna yammacin gine na 17th karni da aka nuna.

Halaye na Baroque

Wannan gine-gine, wanda magoya na gargajiya gine na dogon lokaci ba gani a matsayin mai zaman kanta, ya bayyana a Turai a nuna na marigayi Renaissance. Shi ne kamar yadda idan ta ci gaba da bunƙasa. Don wasu har, wannan style of gine za a iya kira zuwa komawa falsafa. Its main halaye ne ma'ana da kuma elusive. hawan da ra'ayin da Guy wanda ya aiwatar da gine-ginen na zamani, yin tsarin ne da kyau sosai, kuma m m bayani. Hanyar daban-daban hanyoyin da suke bi halitta mai gaske kawayeniya yi.

janar bayanai

"Bitrus Baroque" - wani lokaci amfani da masana tarihi na al'adu da gine-gine da style, ya yarda da Bitrus Mai girma. An yadu amfani ga zane na gine-gine a nan babban birnin kasar - St. Petersburg.

A cikin shekaru 1697-1698, Bitrus da Great ziyarci ofishin jakadancin na Netherlands, musamman Amsterdam. Wannan birni ne musamman m na sarki, tare da tsananin radially-shirya tituna, concentric Lines a cikin tashoshi. Amsterdam facades kunkuntar high karshen tako triangular gables, hasumiyai ko zagaye rufi. Traditional Dutch gine na 17th karni ne halin da yin amfani da irin wannan ado niƙa domin abubuwa, kamar taga Frames, cornices, pilasters, volutes portals. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa don ƙirƙirar m da kuma festive, a hade tare da wani suna fadin kasuwanci da kuma image na birnin.

Bitrus kuwa yana damu da wani irin ra'ayin cewa Rasha za ta iya shiga cikin m kasashen turai, wadannan da Turai hanya, ba kawai siyasa ko tattalin arziki, amma kuma sun fi mayar da al'adu ci gaba. Kuma wannan shi ya sa ya aka kira su zuwa ga yin aiki a cikin sabon babban birnin kasar da dama shahara gine-ginen, sculptors da painters.

Petrovsky Maniram

Ko da sunan fili yake cewa su bayyanar a cikin kasar, wannan ban mamaki style aka zamar masa dole ya na farko Rasha sarki. Bitrus Baroque ya cakuda Italian destinations na wannan sunan da farkon Faransa classicism kuma Rococo. Kowane m, wanda aka kira su zuwa St. Petersburg, shi ne hadisin da ya gine-gine da makaranta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Bitrus Baroque nuna ba a fili yayi na zamani.

Bitrus da babban marmarin jũyar da birnin a cikin mafi kyau kuma shi ne dalilin da cewa a lokacin mulkinsa ya zama wani muhimman hakkokin Baroque gine-gine da shugabanci. Design da gina gine-gine a cikin wannan salon, wanda kuma ake kira Bitrus Maniram, a St. Petersburg na gaba 'yan ƙarni sun ayyana gine ci gaba.

Features

A farko Rasha sarki ya nema ya motsa daga al'adar Byzantine gine. A lokacin samuwar shugabanci dama a kan 17th karni. Baroque style of Bitrus haka bambanta dan kadan daga kasashen turai da samfur. Farko, kuma farkon shi ne - rationality, tsabta da kuma sauki.

Daya daga cikin manyan bayãnin hukuncin siffofin cewa faye hali Petrine Baroque gine - wani biyu-sautin Paint gine-gine: ja da fari. Wani alama - wani planar fassarar da kayan ado.

A farko gine-gine sun bukkoki a St. Petersburg, kazalika da katako, gine-gine, a wa gininsu kama da yammacin rabin timbered. Sun bukaci plaster zanen. Saboda haka, irin Tsarin, kuma ko da brickwork "tare da zoba" iya samar da wani low reliefs wanda ya canja sassa ko moldings da pilasters kuma kofa Frames.

description style

Bitrus Baroque ne halin da amfani da abubuwa na classic Tuscan ko Corinthian, albeit a wani sosai butulci da kuma mafi tsaoho fassarar. More kowa kasance sauki Rasha "ruwan wukake" cewa maye gurbin da pilasters da kuma ginshikan. Windows firam profiled architraves - yawanci fari a kan wani ja baya, tare da halayyar thickening, kunnuwa, ta amfani a saman da capstone. A kusurwoyin gini a Baroque style, da kuma a wasu lokuta, da kuma na farko bene, sanya daga rustication.

Wannan festive da kuma m look gine-ginen kuma ru da yawa kananan gine-gine da cikakken bayani, kamar frameworks, curls da balustrades. A amfani da duk Sassan na baka-dimbin yawa ko Semi-madauwari pediments dauke m. Saboda haka, gani fitattu kuma Ya wadãtar da roofline.

Daidai da kowa ya kuma shigarwa na mutummutumai da vases. A kan gangara na gine-ginen shigar dormer. Tun da na sama na da yawa gine-gine samu wani arziki na ado da kuma gagarumin silhouette.

Baroque gine-ginen

Ko kafin kafuwar St. Petersburg ta Bitrus da jakadun fadin Turai ya fara haya 'yan kasashen waje: gine-ginen, USAID, injiniyoyi. A lokaci na farko duk da gine-gine a cikin birnin da ake gina a kan ayyukan kasashen waje gine-ginen da suka zo su yi hidima a Rasha. Kuma na farko daga cikinsu shi ne Domenico Trezzini gina cikin shahararrun gine-gine na St. Petersburg, wanda wakilci Petrine Baroque style. Photo Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral - m hujja. Its kararrawa hasumiya ne a high-tsawo rinjaye Petersburg. Faceted gilded spire na Cathedral of Ramummuka gizagizai sama kamar yadda tsayayya wa sprawling squat Lines Neva embankments.

Analog babban coci a Yammacin gine kusan m. Ya Makamantan bayanai ne kawai tare da Twisted spire located a Exchange gini a Copenhagen, tushen da kuma ya ta'allaka ne da Baroque style. Photos of karshen, duk da haka, wata hujja da cewa da St. Petersburg steeple dan kadan daban-daban: duka biyu don ta size da faceted siffar.

Daga cikin na farko gine-ginen, wanda Ya halitta Bitrus Baroque ne, mallakar, a Bugu da kari ga Trezzini, da kuma Jean-Baptiste Leblond da Schluter, kuma JM. Fontana da Michetti da Mattarnovi. Dukan su zo ga Rasha a bisa gayyatar da Bitrus. Kowane m kawo wa bayyanar da gine-gine a karkashin gini hadisin, kowa a kasarsa, da kayan yau da kullum na wata makaranta, wanda aka wakilta. Taimaka wajen gudanar da ayyukan, a hankali ƙware da hadisai na Turai Baroque da kuma gida gine-ginen kamar Michael Zemtsov.

Bambance-bambance daga Moscow Baroque

Bitrus Baroque ne hali na St. Petersburg. Waje wadannan gine-gine ne kadan. A musamman, da Menshikov Tower, gina a Moscow da kuma Tallinn ta Kadriorg Palace.

Ba kamar shugabanci Naryshkin a Moscow, Peter girma, gabatar da wani kaifi kin amincewa da Byzantine hadisin, mamaye da Rasha gine na kusan goma ƙarni, shi ne halin da fasali da kuma balance. Kadaici da abun da ke ciki cibiyar, iridescence da kuma hani a ado, arched da rectangular taga takware, rufin baranda da fashe - duk wadannan siffofin na Baroque style, mai suna girmama na farko sarki, ya zama hallmark na da yawa gine-gine Bitrus.

sananne misalai

Yau, masu yawon shakatawa da suka zo arewacin babban birnin kasar, suna da damar da za su yaba da aikin m hannayensu suka yi aiki a lokacin. Petrine Baroque aka wakilta nan da yawa sanannun gine-gine. Wannan shi ne Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, House Sha biyu kwalejojin da bazara fadar Bitrus I, Schluter bẽne, Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, wanda ya yi aiki a kan halittar mahara mutane: Mattarnovi, Kiaveri da Zemtsov. Halittar karshen ne ma da Church of Saminu da Hannatu.

A Vasilevsky Island ne wani misali na wani gini a Baroque - na farko grand fada a St. Petersburg. Da shi shi ne mazaunar Gwamna-Janar cewa shirya receptions kuma shige Majalisar. A matsayin misali na mai arziki fada, barin babban facade na embankment, tsarin kuma wakiltar da Petrine Baroque.

Goma sha biyu kwalejojin gini

Kusa ne wani abin tunawa gina a cikin wannan gine-gine style. Wannan House Sha biyu kwalejojin. Architect Trezzini ya sosai asali hanyar warware matsalar shirya kai da Bitrus. Wannan gini a Baroque style, wanda yake shi ne na goma sha biyu irin gine-gine shirya a wani layi na gaba da juna, ta hanyar da na kowa corridor, mikewa uku da ɗari da tamanin da mita. Kowanne sashi yana da wani raba rufin. A wannan yanayin, a zahiri breathtaking cascade na maimaita gables da tsinkaya a cikin facade, pilasters da architraves a wani cikakken ja da fari facade ba tsarin wani majestic view.

Daji, yanayin fili gine

Features na Baroque za a iya gani ba kawai a cikin gine-gine gina a cikin wannan zamanin. Babu kasa ban sha'awa ne manyan wuraren shakatawa. Wannan, misali, sanu ga dukan Summer Aljanna, wadda aka dage farawa daga kan musamman adadi na Bitrus. Peterhof gungu, dangane da wanda, a cewar masana, ne kwaikwayo na farko Rasha sarki daga ziyara zuwa Versailles. Yau suna quite gagarumin Monuments na wuri mai faɗi gine.

Summer Aljanna an yi yunkurin yin wani sarki na wani babban wurin shakatawa "wani abu edifying." Yana da wani marmaro cewa resonate da jigogi na Aesop ta tatsuniya, da kuma shigar a cikin wani musamman gallery samu a lokacin tono a Roma, kuma tare da wahala kawo Rasha mutum-mutumi na Venus - d ¯ Roman marmara kwafin wani Hellenistic asali. Lambu baƙi, ba tare da togiya, ya sumbace da sanyi marmara na arna aljanna. Sauran mutummutumai da busts an shigar tare da lungu, kazalika da "a Versailles."

bazara Palace

Wannan haske wakilin Petrine Baroque kananan da kuma musamman sauki cikin sharuddan layout. Yana da cikakken m tare da aiki da - arziki da dama da sarauta iyali hutu.

Wasu mutane kira wannan abin tunawa ga Bitrus da Great ta Baroque style saboda da kananan size, "na farko Rasha gida." Kamar yadda biyu wani m da kuma zanen, D.Trezini directed da gina fadar a dukan shekaru hudu. A Bas-reliefs a waje sanya ta mythological theme. Manufar ya Trezzini harkar nasara a Arewa War. Kafin ya Sahaban da ya zo daidai kiyaye sassaka oak da kuma irin goro fentin ado a ciki da kuma rufi zane-zane.

a ƙarshe

Duk da cewa an dauke ba quite har zuwa ta sunan, Bitrus Baroque a kansa hanya musamman. Tare da duk fili bayyane wajen samo, wannan salon kawo mai yawa hali dabiu. Haka kuma, gine-gine na wancan zamanin ba su da analogues a duniya, su ne asali. A facades na gine-gine, ko da yake mun gwada sauki, amma a lokaci guda m da sosai wakilin. Su ba su da ƙato da kuma m kayan ado, da kuma magana ta kai ƙaramar bayani.