Anatomy: sifa da aiki na auditory analyzer

Sound tãguwar ruwa ne vibrations a wani mita daukar kwayar cutar a duk uku kafofin watsa labarai: ruwa, m da gaseous. Don gane da kuma bincika su mutumin can ji sashin jiki - da kunne, wanda ya ƙunshi matsanancin, tsakiya da kuma can ciki sassa, shi ne iya samun bayanai da kuma aika shi zuwa ga kwakwalwa ga aiki. Wannan manufa aiki a jikin mutum kama da halayyar da ido. Tsari da kuma aiki da na gani, kuma auditory analyzers ne irin wannan, bambanci ne cewa sauraron ba Mix audio mitoci, yana daukan su rababbe, watakila ma raba da daban-daban muryoyin da sautuna. Bi da bi, ido a hade haske tãguwar ruwa kafin su sami daban-daban launuka da tabarau.

Kiya analyzer, sifa da aiki

Hotuna babban ƙungiyoyin mutum kunne, za ka iya gani a wannan labarin. Kunnen - babban sashen ji a cikin mutane, yana daukan sauti da kuma aika shi zuwa ga kwakwalwa. Tsarin da kuma ayyuka na Ft Irfan analyzer ne yawa fadi yiwuwa daya kawai kunne ne hadewa aikin canja wuri hatsaisai daga eardrum ga tushe da kuma cortical kwakwalwa yankuna alhakin sarrafa samu bayanai.

Jikin da alhakin ji na inji sauti, kunshi uku main sassan. Tsarin da kuma aiki na sassa na Ft Irfan analyzer ne jinsin, amma yin wani janar aiki - da ji daga sauti da su canja wuri zuwa kwakwalwa domin kara bincike.

A matsanancin kunne, da fasali da kuma ilmin jikin mutum

Abu na farko da ya gana da sauti tãguwar ruwa a hanya zuwa ji na ma'anar, shi ne cikin matsanancin kunne. Anatomy shi ne quite sauki: shi ne pinna da waje auditory canal, wanda shine mahada tsakanin su da kuma tsakiyar kunne. Kanta kunshi da auricle cartilaginous farantin 1 mm m, an rufe shi da perichondrium da fata, aka hana shi tsoka da nama da kuma ba zai iya motsa.

Ƙananan ɓangare na harsashi - da rafani, wannan m nama rufe da fata da kuma tsinkãyi wata yawa jijiya endings. Kuma smoothly wuce a cikin mazurari kwatami auditory meatus, tragus iyaka protivokozelkom gaba da raya. A cikin balagaggu nassi ne 2.5 cm tsawo da kuma 0.7-0.9 cm a diamita, shi kunshi ciki da kuma membranous guringuntsi-rarrabuwa. Iyakance ga eardrum, bayan da tsakiyar kunne fara.

A membrane ne fibrous takardar a cikin nau'i na wani m, da farfajiya wadda irin wannan abubuwa za a iya bambanta kamar guduma, da raya da kuma gaban folds pupochek da gajeren hannu. Tsari da kuma aiki na auditory analyzer, bayar da irin wannan sashi kamar yadda matsanancin kunne da tympanic membrane, alhakin kamawa da sauti na farko da aiki da kuma canja wurin sa'an nan zuwa tsakiyar part.

A tsakiyar kunne, da fasali da kuma ilmin jikin mutum

Tsari da kuma aiki na auditory analyzer sashen ne matuƙa, daban-daban daga juna, kuma idan da tankwara da m ɓangare na duk wani baƙo, da nazarin bayani game da tsakiyar da kuma can cikin kunne ya kamata a biya fiye da hankali. A tsakiyar kunne ne mai hudu pneumatic cavities juna da maƙera.

Babban part cewa ya yi aikin na asali ayyuka na kunne - a tympanum, a hade tare da nasopharynx eustachian shambura, ta hanyar wannan rami na faruwa samun iska daga dukan tsarin. Rami kanta kunshi uku da bẽnãye, da kuma shida ganuwar da auditory ossicles, wanda, bi da bi, ya nuna wani guduma, anvil kuma likkafa. Tsarin da kuma ayyuka na Ft Irfan analyzer a tsakiyar kunne canza samu daga waje na sauti tãguwar ruwa a cikin inji vibrations, sa'an nan aika da su zuwa ga ruwa wanda ya cika ciki rami na kunne.

A can cikin kunne, da fasali da kuma ilmin jikin mutum

A can cikin kunne ne mafi hadadden tsari na dukan uku sassan na taimakon ji. Yana kama wani Maze, wanda aka located zurfi a cikin boko kashi, da kuma kashi ne a kwantena, da kuma hada da wani membranous samuwar, wanda ya mayar da tsarin da fitar kasusuwan jikinsu labyrinth. Conventionally, duk kunne ne zuwa kashi uku main sassa:

• Average Maze - ƙofa.
• gaban labyrinth - a katantanwa.
• raya labyrinth - uku semicircular canals.

Labyrinth mayar da tsarin da kashi da rami tsakanin biyu da tsarin da aka cika da perilymph kamã a cikin abun da ke ciki jini da kuma cerebrospinal ruwa. Bi da bi, da rami a cikin membranous labyrinth cika da endolymph, da abun da ke ciki kama kwayuka ruwa.

Ji analyzer, tsarin mai kunnen ji, can cikin kunne tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki

Aikin, da aikin na can cikin kunne ne zuwa kashi biyu main ayyuka: watsa daga sauti mitoci zuwa kwakwalwa da kuma daidaituwa da ƙungiyoyi. A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin riwayar sauti zuwa kwakwalwa a sashen aikin katantanwa, sassa daban daban cewa ta ji tsoron vibrations da daban-daban mitoci. Duk wadannan vibrations kwakwalwa gaba da basilar membrane, an rufe shi da tufts na gashi Kwayoyin stereolitsy a saman. Yana da wadannan Kwayoyin maida vibrations zuwa na'urar hasken dake fitowa ta cewa zuwa kwakwalwa ta auditory jijiya. Kowane gashi membrane yana da wani daban-daban size da daukana up sauti kawai mai tsananin tsare mita.

Ka'idar aiki na vestibular na'ura

Tsari da kuma aiki na auditory analyzer ba ta kasance hananna ga fahimta da kuma aiki na sauti, shi taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin harkokin mota aiki na mutum. Domin aikin vestibular inji, wanda ke shafar motor daidaituwa, hadu da ruwa da take cike da wani ɓangare na can cikin kunne. Babban rawa aka buga a nan da endolymph, yana aiki a kan manufa da gyroscope. 'Yar alamar karkatar da kai take kaiwa ta motsa, ta, bi da bi, da ke sa a tafi otoliths, wanda suke irritating hairs ciliated epithelium. Da taimakon nagartaccen na tsarin jijiya sadarwa duk da wannan bayani da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sassa na kwakwalwa, to, shi ya riga ya fara aiki a kan daidaituwa da kuma karfafawa daga ƙungiyoyi da kuma balance.

Manufa hadewa aiki da duk na kunne da kwakwalwa Kwayoyin, canji na sauti vibrations a cikin bayanai

Tsari da kuma aiki na auditory analyzer, wanda a taƙaice bincika zai yiwu, ba kawai directed a kamawa da sauti na wani mita, da kuma ta hira cikin bayanai da cewa shi ne m da mutum sani. All aiki a kan canji kunshi wadannan manyan matakai:

1. Kama sautuna da su motsi a kan auditory canal a ta da eardrum zuwa oscillate.
2. Vibration uku auditory ossicles na can cikin kunne, ya sa ta hanyar vibrations na eardrum.
3. Movement of ruwa a can cikin kunne da kuma vibrations hairlike Kwayoyin.
4. Chanza vibrations zuwa na'urar hasken dake fitowa domin su m watsa a kan auditory jijiyoyi.
5. Promotion na hasken dake fitowa tare da auditory jijiya zuwa kwakwalwa a sassa da kuma canza su a cikin bayanai.

Auditory bawo da bincike

Abin da mai kyau-aiki da kuma manufa ba zai kasance da aikin dukkan sassa na kunne, dã ya kasance m ba tare da ayyuka da kuma aiki da kwakwalwa take canza hanyar karar kadawar sauti a cikin dukkan bayanai da shiriya. Abu na farko da ya gana da sauti a hanya, a shi ne auditory bawo, dake a cikin m boko gyrus na kwakwalwa. Akwai neurons, wanda ke da alhakin ji daga sauti da kuma rabuwar duk jeri. Idan, da nagarta daga wani kwakwalwa lalacewa, kamar bugun jini, lalacewar wadannan sassan, da mutum zai iya zama da wuya na ji ko sauraro da asarar da ikon gane magana.

Age da alaka da canje-canje a cikin halaye da kuma Ft Irfan analyzer

Tare da kara shekaru na mutum canza aiki na duk tsarin, tsari da aiki, da kuma shekaru halaye na Ft Irfan analyzer ba togiya. A mutane a karkashin shekaru sau da yawa fuskanci wani ji hasara, wanda aka dauke su physiological, t. E. al'ada. Yana ba a dauke wata cuta, sai dai wani canji a cikin shekaru kira persbiakuzis cewa ba bukatar magani, amma za a iya gyara tare da musamman ƙara ji.

Ware wani yawan dalilan da yiwu ji hasara cikin mutanen da suka kai a wasu shekaru da iyaka:

1. Canje-canje a cikin matsanancin kunne - thinning da laxity na kunne, da kuma ƙuntatawa na game da curvature daga cikin kunne canal, da asarar da ikon canja wurin sauti taguwar ruwa.
2. Mai kauri da kuma clouding na eardrum.
3. Rage motsi tsarin na can cikin kunne kasũsuwa, ashe, da rigidity na gidajen abinci.
4. Canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa yankuna alhakin aiki da kuma ji na sautuna.

Baya daga cikin saba aikin canje-canje a cikin wani m mutum, matsalar iya ninkawa da rikitarwa da kuma sakamakon na otitis dauki kan, ba za su iya barin scars a kan eardrum, wanda tsokane matsaloli a nan gaba.

Bayan da likita masana kimiyya sun yi karatu irin wannan muhimmanci jiki a matsayin auditory analyzer (sifa da aiki), wani nauyi lalacewa ta hanyar shekaru, ya daina zama a duniya matsala. Da jin AIDS don inganta da kuma inganta wasan kwaikwayon na kowane daga cikin sassa na tsarin da kuma taimaka tsofaffi mutane su rayu cikakken rai.

Tsafta da kuma kula da mutum ji gabobin

Don ci gaba da kunnuwa da lafiya, domin su, kamar yadda ga dukan jiki, kana bukatar dace da daidai kula. Amma, Paradoxically, a rabin daga cikin lokuta matsaloli bayyana saboda wuce kima kula, ba saboda rashin. Babban dalilin - inept orudovanie kunne wands ko wasu wajen domin inji tsabtatawa na tara sulfur dabbõbin drum partitions, shi scratches da laifi sabõda yãsasshiya perforation. Don kauce wa irin wannan rauni kamata kawai tsaftace m ɓangare na nassi, ba tare da yin amfani da kaifi abubuwa.

Don adana jinka mafi a nan gaba bi da aminci dokoki:

• Limited sauraron kiɗa da belun kunne.
• Amfani da musamman belun kunne da kuma earplugs a lõkacin da aiki a m masana'antu.
• Kariya da ingress na ruwa a cikin kunnuwa yayin da iyo a cikin pool da tafkunan.
• Rigakafin colds da otitis kunnuwa a cikin sanyi kakar.

Fahimtar da ka'idodin Ft Irfan analyzer, yarda da lafiya da aminci da dokokinta a gida ko a wurin aiki, don taimaka ci gaba da ji da kuma bai fuskanci matsalar ta gaba asarar.