Armand de Caulaincourt, Faransa jami'in diflomasiyyar. "Napoleon ta mamayewa na Rasha"

Armand de Caulaincourt - Faransa soja da kuma shugaban siyasa mafi kyau a san shi da tarihin, sadaukar da Napoleon ta yakin neman zabe a Rasha, kazalika da kusa da abota da shugabannin biyu mai girma dauloli, da suka zo tare a 1812 a wani mummunan yaƙi.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma a farkon rayuwa

Uba na nan gaba ba da shawara na Napoleon da kuma Ministan harkokin wajen Faransa ya a cikin soja, kuma ya rayu tare da iyalinsa a hereditary castle Caulaincourt cewa ƙasa na sashen na Aisne. Tara a watan Disamba 1773 a cikin dogon-jiran magaji aka haife. Yaron da aka mai suna Armand.

Tun da iyali da aka daraja, da yaro samu ilimi a gida, da kuma kawai a 1778 Armand de Caulaincourt, bin sahun mahaifinsa, ya fara nasa soja hanya. A shekaru na goma sha biyar, da yaron ya shiga cikin wani waje sarauta sojan doki rajimanti tare da daraja na Private. A sha shida da rabi Caulaincourt ya riga wani biyu leftana, da kuma a 1791 aiki a matsayin adjutant wa mahaifinsa.

tsananta

1792 kawo saurayin ba kawai farin ciki events, amma kuma a cikin tsanani da matsala. A farko, ya aka ciyar da su da daraja na kyaftin, kwatsam sai na dakatar daga sojojin. Dalilin da cewa shi ne title na nobility da ya sa tuhuma tsakanin Faransa sauyi gwamnati, wanda a wancan lokaci kawai fada yaki da Austria da kuma ciyar a cikin sahu na soja a tsaftace.

Amma Armand de Caulaincourt ya ba daya daga waɗanda suka daina haka sauki. A cikin wannan shekara da ya nema da National Guard karkashin Paris (a cikin reshe na Red Cross) a kan hakkin 'yan sa kai, da kuma sosai da ewa, tun tsiwirwirinsu da amincewa da ya ɓatar da, zama wani babban jami'in saja tare da daya daga cikin manyan mukaman battalions. Next Caulaincourt fadi a cikin sahu na grenadiers, da kuma kadan daga baya - doki tsarẽwa ne. Da alama cewa duk abin da tafi smoothly, amma sai a sake wajaba aristocratic asalin. Idan akai la'akari da saurayi ne musamman m, ya aka sake kama shi kuma a jefa a kurkuku, daga abin da ya, duk da haka, nan da nan ya sheƙa.

fi samun

tare da 1794 aiki Caulaincourt sosai da sauri ke Uphill. A shekara daya da ya isa daraja na shugaban wani rundujar soja masu dawaki na sojan doki rajimanti, hidima a wannan adjutant janar Ober Dubail (a kusa da aboki na iyali). A cikin 1796-m-Aubert Duban ya zama jakadan a Konstantinoful, kuma Armand de Caulaincourt haka.

A Fratsiyu matasa soja da baya a 1797-m da kuma hidima a matsayin mataimakin janar a rundunar sojojin Meuse da Sambre. To, akwai mutane da Jamus, Mayan, kuma Rhine Army. Caulaincourt yarda da daraja na kanar, ya umarci wata rajimanti na carabineers. Halartar a cikin fadace-fadace na stock da kuma karkashin Venheymom. A lokacin da na karshe aka yi masa rauni har sau biyu, amma har yanzu stock aka ba su tafi ba. Its rabo kuma fadi lokacin yaki da kuma Nersheyme mooskirchen.

takeoff

A 1799 a Faransa da shi da aka kifar Directory kuma a zahiri ya fara Napoleonic zamanin. Bonaparte ya ba tukuna zama sarki (wannan zai faru ne kawai a cikin 1804), amma shi ne na farko da jakadan da kuma taka leda a rayuwar al'umma da babbar rawar.

Wannan lokaci da aka gaske ya tashi aiki Caulaincourt. Kuma duk godiya ga angarorin na wani tsohon abokina na iyali - Talleyrand, suka yi aiki a karkashin Napoleon a cikin sahu na "Faransa ministan harkokin waje." Wannan mutumin gudanar da shi ya proteges tafi St. Petersburg da taya murna daga Napoleon zuwa Alexander Mai girma, ya zo a kan karaga.

A ziyarar da ya fara a 1801-m kuma ƙare a 1802-m. Ga shekara a Rasha Caulaincourt iya ingratiate kansa da Iskandari, da kuma kamar haka "Allah wadai" da kansu a kan rahamar Napoleon, gõdiya zuwa gare Shi ga kyau sabis.

A dawowarsa wani cin nasara jami'in diflomasiyyar zama adjutant na Napoleon, kuma nan da nan ya aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar aiki na duba wani girmamawa aramin stables.

A kadan daga baya, Caulaincourt, wanda ya ba tukuna da shekara talatin, ya hannuwansu a kan umurnin a rajimanti na sojan doki na sojojin Rhine.

Tsanani lalacewar da suna

A cikin shekara na hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin fadar kursiyin Napoleon da Armand de Caulaincourt faru m labarin. Al'amarin ya koya masa don mika sarkin Baden sako dauke da wani request ta soke a Baden soja raka'a. A cikin wa'azi da cewa babu wani abin da ba daidai ba, amma masu shirya na laifi amfani da Duke matsayin allo. Ya aka sace da kuma Caulaincourt aka gani a matsayin da hannu a cikin al'amarin kai tsaye.

Kanar suna kurege bayan da tsanani duka. Amma a idanun ya fi so Napoleon fadi. Sarkin sarakuna shigar da ra'ayin cewa Caulaincourt kawai firam. Bonaparte bayyana tabbacin a ma fi girma wazo da kuma Pet ban da kula da stables karshe danƙa iko a kan kiyaye Da'a a cikin fadar kotu.

Hadaya a cikin sunan sabis

Service a kotu flattered girman kai Armand de Caulaincourt, wanda a 1805 da aka ciyar da su da manyan janar sa'an nan aka bayar da wani girmamawa na mallaka Order. Amma irin wannan high aiki nasarori, alas, ba ba tare da jikkata. Location Bonaparte yana da tsada, kuma daya daga cikin bukatun da aka Caulaincourt rata tare da mace ya ƙaunace.

Napoleon da bin bourgeois norms na dabi'a, ba gaishe saki. A baranya na daraja a Madame de Canisius Empress aka saki aurensu. Caulaincourt gaske ya so ya aure ta, amma iya ba.

Tsakanin Napoleon da kuma Alexander

A daya daga cikin fadace-fadace ya Arman rufe ta Napoleon a hutu na wata igwa ball, da sarki ya zama ma fi komai a protege. Ya shugabantar da shi a dukedom, kuma a 1807, Caulaincourt samu wani sabon matsayi - "Ambasada France a Rasha. "Gaskiya ne cewa a St. Petersburg Bakan'ane na ƙasarsa ta kasa bai ƙone so in je, amma bai yi kuskure ya sãɓã wa Bonaparte.

A Rasha, Arman ciyar da shekaru biyar, da kuma duk wadannan shekaru na kokarin dakatar abin da aka zuwan inexorably - yaki tsakanin biyu dauloli. Kuma Alexander, wanda ya zama sosai kusa, kuma Napoleon Caulaincourt warai mutunta da kuma ƙaunar. Wannan ne ya hana shi daga shan wani daya gefen. Ya amince da su yi rahõto ga Faransa, kamar yadda aka nema da Bonaparte, amma leken asiri Alexander bayar. Duk da haka, shi ya faru niyya - wani mutum da wanda Duke gabatar Rasha sarki, ya madugun majiɓinci, Tayleran, ya bada kai rinjayar Alexander da kuma bayar da rahoton shi muhimmanci da bayanai daga Faransa kotu.

Caulaincourt akai-akai ya yi shawarwari tare da Napoleon a kan inadmissibility na yaki, da kuma ƙarshe da sarki ya yanke shawarar cewa Rasha tsar dauka shi. A sakamakon haka shi da murabus daga mukaminsa na jakadan na Duke. Caulaincourt koma Faransa a shekarar 1811.

War of 1812

Kuma a 1812 duk da haka yaki ya barke, da kuma Duke ya sake a Rasha. Kawai yanzu a cikin rawar da wani jami'in diflomasiyyar ba, kamar yadda da occupier.

Kusan duk lokacin da ya shafe kusa da Napoleon, da kuma ci gaba da magana a kan soja mataki. Da zarar wannan ya faru a gaban Alexander Mai girma, a lokacin tattaunawar. Bonaparte ya haka fushi da protege, bai yi magana da shi ga 'yan makonni. Kuma ko da ya nuna juyayi kan mutuwar kane Caulaincourt a yakin Borodino.

Sake kawo tare da Sarkin sarakuna da Duke na wahalhalu samu tare: da firgita kwanaki ciyar a babban birnin na Rasha, kona, sa'an nan inglorious koma gida.

bayan da yaki,

A War of 1812 ƙare sosai mugun ga Faransa da Napoleon kansa. Kamar yadda ka sani, abin da ya tilasta wa abdicate a cikin ni'imar da ɗansa. Amma ko da Caulaincourt jiran goyon baya. Kamar yadda sarki, Bonaparte da lokaci don yin wani muhimmin alƙawari, kuma ya fi so ya mai tsanani post - "Faransa ministan harkokin waje." A wannan rawa, ya akai-akai ya jagoranci tattaunawar zaman lafiya, da roƙe Alexander zuwa Napoleon ta kadaici a tsibirin Elba , maimakon na m mutuwa.

Abdication na Bonaparte da wani tasiri a kan na sirri rayuwa Caulaincourt. Ya kasance karshe iya aure masõyansa.

Ba shafi da Duke da kuma maido - kowane guda daya daga cikin kadarori ya zauna tare da shi. Kila, wannan shi ne sakamakon dumi dangantakar da Rasha sarki.

Amma nan da nan da rahamar Faransa kotu Caulaincourt rasa. A sabuwar sanya sarki hana shi daga dukan wurare. Ministan Duke ya har 1814.

"¡Iyãma" da kuma fall

A rana ta farko na bazara a 1815, Napoleon ya koma Faransa da kuma ya fara sarauta shi a sake. A farko aji Faransa jami'in diflomasiyyar sake samu kansa a cikin wani kujera da ministan harkokin wajen kasar. Ya ci gaba da tsaya ga su line, cewa yana kokarin cire tare Bonaparte kuma suka zãlunci shi Turai. Amma ga wani wadãtar. Napoleon ya kasance m ga yaki, da kuma kasashen Turai so karshe rabu da shi, wanda a ƙarshe faru - Bonaparte rasa ya karshe yaƙi.

A Yuni 1815 Caulaincourt zama tsara na Faransa, da kuma a cikin Yuli koma zuwa kursiyin da Bourbons. Napoleon da aka hambarar da. Tun lokacin da ya koma zuwa ga fall shi ne daidai da ɗaya da ɗari kwanaki.

Armand da za a kama, amma ya sake taimakawa Rasha daya - da sarki. Da tayin komawa St. Petersburg Caulaincourt ƙi saura daga cikin kwana ya zauna a gida, ba mamaye babban matsayi da aka gaba daya ware daga siyasa.

Kishin da yawa lokaci zuwa rubutu memoirs game da yaki shekaru goma sha ( "Napoleon ta mamayewa na Rasha). Ya mutu a cikin 1827, na sha tara na Fabrairu. A lokacin mutuwarsa ya kasance hamsin da uku da shekaru.

Armand de Caulaincourt: "Napoleon ta mamayewa na Rasha" (Memoirs)

A cikin memoirs game da yaki da Rasha, marubucin tarihin da aka bayyana abubuwan da suka faru wadanda shekaru a cikin karami cikakken bayani. Kusa da Napoleon, ya kasance duk ranar, don haka lokacin da za a bincika sosai hali da kuma ya jefa lura a kan takarda.

Bugu da kari Bonaparte halaye ne ba a cikin tunanin kuma suna da labarai da sauran manyan tukwane na Faransa sojojin, kazalika da game da Alexander.

An gogaggen soja shugaban, ba kawai ya bayyana yaki, amma kuma daukawa fitar da hikimar tantance aiki, magana game da dalilin barkewar tashin da na walãkantarwa karshen su Faransa.

Rubuta memoirs Armand de Caulaincourt sosai m, sauki karanta. Domin da farko lokacin da littafin da aka buga kawai a 1833, da kuma shi ne mai muhimmanci da tushen domin masana tarihi, amma kuma ga dukkan wadanda sha'awar a cikin yaki na Napoleon da Rasha, wanda ya hallaka mai girma sarki.