Artur Klark: Bibliography of littattafai da kuma rating

Arthur Clarke aiki ƙarni da dama na ba kawai masu karatu, amma kuma da mawallafa suke rubũta a cikin Genre na almarar kimiyya. Ayyukansa ne irin-tsammani wadanda ko wasu abubuwan da suka faru, ko fasahar.

Alal misali, Artur Klark hango halittar radar ga ganowa tashi abubuwa, tashi zuwa da watã, m da tauraron dan adam a Duniya madawwama biyu, halittar kwakwalwa, da Internet, kuma yafi.

Biography of marubuci

A lokacin da ya dogon rai da wannan mutum mai girma bar ya alama ba kawai a cikin adabi, amma kuma a cikin kimiyya da fasaha. Artur Klark, wanda biography ya fara 16.12.1917, a cikin County na Somerset a Ingila, inda ya aka haife shi a Minehead, ya ƙare 19.03.2008 shekaru a Sri Lanka.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya kasance daya daga cikin developers na kewayawa tsarin for tashi a m yanayin yanayi, da Littafinsa, na farko da aka kishin wannan lokaci.

Bayan da yaki, Artur Klark, kasancewa da daraja na Royal Air Force leftana, ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama daga Sarki College London, specialization "Physics da lissafi".

Back a shekarar 1945, kamar yadda wani memba na Birtaniya Interplanetary Society, marubucin shawara da ra'ayin samar da wani hadade tsarin na sarari tashoshin madawwama biyu na duniya don ƙirƙirar duniya sadarwa tsarin. Ya ma rubuta game da shi da dama kimiyya da kuma rare articles da kuma littattafan da cewa daki-daki, da fasaha al'amurran da wannan aikin.

Da zarar an halitta geostationary madawwama biyu na 36,000 km saman teku matakin, ta aka bayar da Artura Klarka sunan a fitarwa da taimako ga wannan nasara.

Daga shekarar 1956 har mutuwarsa, Artur Klark zauna a Sri Lanka, inda ya samu dan kasa, da kuma inda wani babban bangare na kimiyya almarar hawan keke da kuma litattafan da aka rubuta. Recent aikin da Clarke saboda rashin lafiya da aka halitta, a tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu marubuta, abin da ya sa su ba kasa ban sha'awa fiye da m ayyukansu.

Creative tsawon 1951-1961 shekaru

A lokacin daga 1951 zuwa 1961, Artur Klark, a bibliography wanda ya hada da 22 mutum labari, 3 hawan keke da kuma 4 karbuwa daga cikin littattafan da aka rubuta ayyukan da sanya shi ya shahara a duniya na magoya na almarar kimiyya.

The labari "Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, Space" (1951) ya harbinger na farko da tauraron dan adam gabatar da kuma mutane a cikin sarari. A cikin halayyar iri Marubuci sauki da kuma m harshen gaya labarin wadannan kadan-san wa Sahaban abubuwa kamar yadda fasaha kayan aiki da kumbon sama jannati da kuma ka'idojin ta flights.

A zuciya na littafin ne a almara, labarin "Prometheus" na jirgin, wanda manufa shi ne jirgin zuwa ga watã. Wannan aiki ya kasance gabatarwa sarari jirgin. A farko da tauraron dan adam, kaddamar a Tarayyar Soviet, ya iya cin nasara da karfi na nauyi kawai a shekarar 1957, da kuma saukowa "Apollo" a kan watã ya faru a 1969. The labari "Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, Space" za a iya dauke daya daga cikin tsinkaya, wanda shi ne sanannen Artur Klark.

Da aka buga a wannan shekara labari "The Sands na Mars" yayi karatu da hange ba kawai don sarari tafiya, amma kuma ci gaban sauran duniyoyi.

A mafi m content labari na wannan lokaci dauke da farko manyan aikin Clark ta "Yara ta End" (1953), a cikin abin da ya shimfida sani na masu karatu da ra'ayin cewa bil'adama shi ne ba shi kadai a cikin sararin samaniya.

"Moondust" (1961) shi ne ba kawai daya daga cikin mafi kyau litattafan da marubuci ta m lokaci, amma Democrat "Hugo." The aiki ya bayyana Lunar shiri da kuma barazanar cewa zai iya ba mutane da Duniya ta tauraron dan adam.

A sake zagayowar na "Space Odyssey 2001"

Lokacin da Artur Klark (photo by marubucin na aikin) ya rubuta labari "Space Odyssey 2001" a cikin 1968, 21st karni da jũna impossibly m.

Amma a yau, ra'ayin wani labari game da gwaji a kan duniyarmu a 3 shekaru miliyan tsawo, har yanzu dacewa.

Da muhawara game da asalin rayuwa a duniya ba ya hana, da kalmomin "cosmic hankali" kahu sosai a rayuwar yau da kullum, da kuma interplanetary tafiya - yana da kawai wani al'amari lokaci.

Kamar yadda a kullum, Clark tsammani ra'ayoyi da yawa a zamaninsa da kuma bayyana tambayoyi da cewa masana kimiyya a duniya yanzu neman amsoshi. A sake zagayowar, wanda ya fara a 1968, da aka kammala a 1997. Yana hada 4 labari, sadaukar da tafiya Earthlings a cikin search for Extraterrestrial m.

A cewar wannan aiki Stenli Kubrik directed fim, wanda ya zama mai sadaukarwa classic a cikin Genre. Godiya ga talanti ɗaya na Birtaniya darektan da musamman effects cewa an yi amfani da a samar da fim, faifai na fim, ko da a cikin dijital shekaru, dubi daya tafi da mafi riskarsa kamar wani shirin labarinsa na mutum jirgin zuwa Jupiter da 'yan adawa "m" kwamfuta m.

"Frame" da'ira

"Rama" zagayowar aka halitta a kan shekaru 20 (1973-1993), kuma da labari "rendezvous da Rama" yana dauke da mafi muhimmanci daga abin da ya rubuta a cikin rayuwarsa Artur Klark. Rating marubuci na littattafai ko da yaushe ya hada da wannan aiki. Ya kawo marubuci Nebula Award, da Hugo kuma Birtaniya Science Fiction Association.

A mãkirci daga lãbarin halittar Space yan sintiri, wanda "hunts" for asteroids barazana rayuwa a duniya. da abu da aka gano a cikin asteroids, wanda ya akai cylindrical siffar da kuma bi da wani shakka ga rãnã.

Yin wani sabon abu saukowa a kan jirgin, mutanen samu akwai yanayi dace da ɗan adam rayuwa, kuma ko da da mazaunan cikin teku, da ciyayi a kan ta bankuna. Kamar yadda muka matsa zuwa Sun, da jirgin "tashi" da mutummutumi don kula masa abincinsa.

Babban taken labari - ko bil'adama shi ne shirya wani taro tare da Extraterrestrial m ko tsõro, ta'adi da rashin fahimtar da dokoki na duniya za su bar mutane cikin su da hasken rana tsarin.

A sake zagayowar na "Odyssey na lokaci"

A mafi daukan hankali labari sake zagayowar - "The Storm a kan Sun" (2005) - co-rubuce tare da Stephen Baxter. Wannan shi ne wani labari da bala'i, wanda ya gaya game da wani yiwu cataclysm da jimlar halakar Duniya saboda da tsanani hadari a kan rana.

Game da shi ya yi gargadin koma daga jirgin mace jannati Bayseza Dutt. Ta ya kasance a cikin duniya, inda babu wani lokaci-sharing, da kuma inda hakkokin ɗan fari, wanda ya so ya hallaka earthlings da su duniyarmu.

Gripping labarin da ke sa masu karatu damu game da makomar bil'adama, wanda, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa haka al'amarin, ya dogara a kan ayyuka ko omissions na mutane.

aiki 70-80s

A duk da cuta (da cutar shan inna cuta a 60-ies), Clark ya ci gaba da rayayye rubuta da murna da masu karatu tare da su iyawa.

Daga cikin ayyukan wannan lokaci:

• "Dabbar Island" - da labari yana kishin Topical a lokacin da ra'ayin "reasonableness" na asalin da dabbobin ruwa da kuma yiwuwar sadarwa da mutum.
• "The Songs of m Duniya" sadaukar da marigayin bil'adama, wanda aka halaka su da rana. Saboda gaskiya cewa masana kimiyya sun sani game da shi a gaba, a cikin zurfin sarari a search na dace shimfiɗar jariri, ga wani sabon bil'adama da aka aika zuwa jirgin samfurori da Flora da fauna na duniya da kuma tãyuna mutane. Planet Thalassa kai a kan sigogi domin a nan gaba mallaka na earthlings, kuma mutummutumi yi dukan aikin domin ta tafi.
• Littafi "Shimfiɗar jariri zuwa kewayewa" ya hada da litattafan da gajejjeran labaru, Artura Klarka a shekaru daban-daban.

A cikin saba m hanya Artur Klark, da sake dubawa na littafin nan wanda sauraro ko da yaushe kawai mafi m a cikin aikinsa kamar jan zare daukawa theme cewa Adam yana zuwa rayuwa tare da mutunci, kuma ya yi nasara da duniya.

Ayyukan da 90s

A mafi daukan hankali da kuma na karshe m halittar Artura Klarka labari ya zama wani bala'i, "guduma na Ubangiji", rubuta a 1993.

marubuci cuta cigaban, ya fara motsa a cikin keken hannu, amma aiki aiki a matsayin marubuci da kuma jama'a, bai tsaya.

The labari ne kishin da ainihin topic karshen duniya, wanda yake shi ne mafi sau da yawa da kafofin watsa labarai na waɗanda shekara aka hade tare da fall na asteroid to Earth.

marubuci yabo

"Science almarar lambar 1" - shi ne sunan Artura Klarka ya zuwa yanzu. Ayyukansa da aka sa a fitar a kan su harba fina-finai, da kuma marubuci ya ba kawai nasara da babbar wallafe-wallafen awards, amma ya aka knighted da Sarauniya Elizabeth II.