Ascii code (boyayyar hanyar musayar bayanai ta Amurka) - ainihin rubutu rufewar da Latin haruffa

Bisa ga International Sadarwa Union, a shekara ta 2016 da Internet da fiye ko žasa da kullum amfani da uku da rabi mutane biliyan. Mafi yawansu ba su ko tunani game da cewa wani saƙonni aika zuwa gare su via wani PC ko mobile na'urori, kazalika da matani da cewa an nuna a kan zaune a yanki daga dukan nau'i, a gaskiya, shi ne mai hade da 0 kuma 1. Wannan ake kira da shigar wanda ke aiki misali na bayanai. Yana bayar da kuma facilitates aiwatar da ajiya, aiki da kuma watsa. A shekara ta 1963, Amurka ascii code da aka ɓullo da, wanda shi ne batun wannan labarin.

Gabatar da bayanai a cikin kwamfuta

A cikin sharuddan wani lantarki kwamfuta rubutu ne mai tarin mutum haruffa. Daga gare su ne ba kawai da wasika, ciki har da babban birnin kasar, amma kuma da alamun rubutu, lambobi. Bugu da kari, musamman alamomin ana amfani da "=", "&", "(" da kuma sarari.

A jam'i na alamomin da cewa yin up da rubutu, da ake kira da haruffa, da kuma yawan - ikon (denoted kamar yadda N). Don sanin magana N = 2 ^ b, inda b - yawan bayanai ragowa ko wani musamman alama ce nauyi.

Yana tabbatar da cewa ikon 256 characters haruffa ba ka damar musulunta duk dole haruffa.

Tun da 256 ne da wani 8 digiri biyu, sa'an nan nauyin kowane hali ne 8 ragowa.

Unit na awo 8 ragowa da aka kira a 1-byte, don haka muka ce cewa binary code na kowane hali a cikin rubutu da aka adana a kan kwamfutarka, bautarka daya byte na memory.

Ta yaya ne tsarinsa

Duk wani rubutun da aka shigar a cikin PC memory ta hanyar keyboard keys, a kan abin da aka rubuta lambobi, haruffa, da alamomin rubutu da sauran alamomin. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ake daukar kwayar cutar a cikin binary code, watau, kowane alama ce da aka tsara zuwa ga saba gidan goma code for wani mutum daga 0 zuwa 255, wanda yayi dace a binary code - .. Daga 00000000 zuwa 11111111.

Byte hali tsarinsa damar da processor aikin aiki na rubutu, koma zuwa kowane hali daban. A lokaci guda, da 256 characters isa ya wakiltar wani hali bayanai.

Coding ascii haruffa

Wannan raguwa tsaye ga Turanci boyayyar hanyar musayar bayanai ta Amurka.

Ko da a cikin alfijir na walwa, shi ya zama na fili da cewa, yana yiwuwa ya zo da wani salo da hanyoyi na shigar da bayanai. Duk da haka, don canja wurin bayanai daga daya kwamfuta zuwa wani da aka bukata wajen samar da wata guda misali. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1963 akwai wani ascii-tebur a Amurka. Yana da wani hali kwamfuta haruffa da aka sanya wani jerin lamba a cikin binary misali. Da farko, da ascii code da ake amfani da kawai a Amurka, da kuma daga baya ya zama na duniya misali ga PC.

abubuwan da ke ciki

Ascii lambobin kasu kashi 2 sassa. International misali an dauke su ne kawai na farko da rabin tebur. Yana hada code daga jerin adadin 0 (masu lamba kamar yadda 00000000) zuwa 127 (lambar 01111111).

Table tsarinsa babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa suna bin juna a Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi kuma lambobin - hawa dabi'u. Wannan ka'ida ta riki ga Rasha haruffa.

ikon haruffa

Ascii tsarinsa tebur da aka asali tsara domin liyafar da kuma watsa bayanai a kan wannan yanzu ba a yi amfani da na'urar a matsayin teletype. A wannan batun, da haruffa hada da cikakkiyar amfani da dokokin sarrafa na'urar. Annan dokokin da aka yi amfani da irin wannan pre-kwamfuta saƙon dabaru kamar Morse code, da sauransu.

The fi na kowa "teletype" alama ne NUL (00 "sifili"). Kuma har yanzu yana amfani da mafi shirye-shirye harsuna, na nuna alamar karshen layi.

Ina amfani da ascii tsarinsa

Boyayyar hanyar musayar bukatar ba kawai rubutu shigarwa keyboard. Haka kuma an yi amfani da ginshiƙi. A musamman, da ascii Art Maker shirin images wakiltar daban-daban kari bakan ascii hali tsarinsa.

Wadannan kayayyakin zo a cikin iri biyu: hoto Editocin yin aiki da mayar da wani image a cikin rubutu da kuma sabobin tuba cikin "Pictures" a cikin ascii-graphics. Ga misali, da aka sani shi ne wani Firayim misali Smiley coding alama.

Ascii za a iya amfani da lokacin da samar da daftarin aiki HTML. A wannan yanayin, za ka iya shiga wani sa na haruffa da kuma wata alama ce da ya dace da wannan code zai bayyana a lokacin da na duba page a kan allo.

Ascii ake bukata domin samar da multilingual sites, kamar yadda alamu da ba su kasance a wani musamman na kasa tebur, maye gurbinsu ascii-lambobin.

wasu fasaloli

Don encode rubutu bayanai a ascii aka asali amfani 7 ragowa (daya zauna komai), amma a yau ta aiki a matsayin 8-bit.

A haruffa, wanda aka located a cikin ginshikan ne sama da kasa, bambanta da juna kawai da guda bit. Wannan ƙwarai rage wuya daga cikin gwajin.

Ascii aikace-aikace a cikin Microsoft Office

Idan dole, irin wannan tsarinsa rubutu bayanai za a iya amfani da rubutu Editocin ta Microsoft, kamar Notepad, kuma Office Word. Duk da haka, a lokacin da buga a cikin wannan hali, ba za ka iya amfani da wasu ayyuka. Alal misali, za ka ba su iya gudanar da wani m matsayin ascii hali rike kawai da ma'anar bayani, kyalewa ta overall siffar da form.

standardization

Kungiyar soma ISO misali ISO 8859. Wannan kungiya ma'anar da takwas-bit rufewar harshe daban-daban kungiyoyin. A musamman, ISO 8859-1 - ne Extended ascii, wanda shi ne mai tebur ga Amurka da yammacin Turai. A ISO 8859-5 - shi ne tebur amfani ga QFontDatabase haruffa, ciki har da Rasha harshe.

Domin tarihi dalilai to ISO 8859-5 shi da ake amfani da wani gajeren lokaci.

Domin da Rasha harshen a wannan lokacin zahiri amfani da tsarinsa:

• CP866 (Code Page 866), ko DOS, wanda sau da yawa ake kira madadin tsarinsa Gost. Yana da aka rayayye yi amfani da har tsakiyar 90-ies karni na karshe. A lokacin, kusan ba amfani.
• Koi-8. Coding aka ci gaba a cikin 1970-80s, kuma a wannan lokacin shi ne na kowa da misali ga e-mail saƙonni a RuNet. An yadu amfani a cikin OS iyali Unix, ciki har da Linux. "Rasha" version of koi-8, kira koi-8R. Bugu da kari, akwai versions ga sauran QFontDatabase harsuna kamar Ukrainian.
• Code Page 1251 (CP 1251, Windows - 1251). Bunƙasa Microsoft don samar da goyon baya ga Rasha da harshen a cikin Windows yanayi.

Babban amfani da CP866 farko misali domin a tsare na karya-mai hoto haruffa a wannan wurare kamar yadda a cikin Extended ascii. Wannan ba ka damar gudanar da canzawa rubutu na shirin, kasashen waje samarwa, kamar sanannen Norton Kwamandan. A wannan lokaci CP866 da ake amfani da shirye-shirye tsara don Windows, wanda aiki a full-allon rubutu view ko a rubutu kwalaye, ciki har da a FAR Manager.

Computer texts aka rubuta a CP866 tsarinsa, da jimawa ba ne quite rare, amma aka yi amfani da Rasha filenames a "Vindous".

"Unicode"

A lokacin, mafi tartsatsi ne wannan tsarinsa. Lambobin "Unicode" a filin wasa. A farko (daga 0000 zuwa U + U + 007F) ya hada da wani sa na ascii haruffa da lambobin. Bi ta filin haruffa na daban-daban na kasa adabi, kazalika da alamar rubutu da fasaha alamomin. Bugu da kari, wani ɓangare na code "Unicode" kẽɓantacce ne a hali na bukatar hada da sabon haruffa a nan gaba.

Yanzu ka san cewa a ascii kowane hali da aka wakilta a matsayin mai hade da 8 zeros da su. Layman, wannan bayanai iya ze ba dole ba kuma uninteresting, amma ba ka son ka san abin da ke faruwa a kan "a cikin kwakwalwa" na kwamfutarka?!