Audio Formats:-daban da kuma kwatancin

Matsayin mai mulkin, a yau da Kalmar "audio" An sanya duk abin da yake da alaka da sauti, ko shi ke kunne, tace, hadawa, Mastering, ko sauraron rikodin. Amma 'yan san cewa audio Formats tun da aka kafa ta an kullum jurewa yawa muhimmanci canje-canje a cikin mafi kyau, sa'an nan da muni. The matsala shi ne cewa, idan aka kwatanta da na farko format, halittawa daga cikin sabon tsare-tsaren sun yi kokarin inganta sauti quality, wanda kokari ne shafa da girman da fayil ake taka leda. Rage size, a maimakon haka, ta kai ga asarar quality. Amma ba ko da yaushe.

A farko audio format a kwamfuta wasanni

The sosai farko ambaci kwamfuta sauti zo daga halittar m, a lokacin da wasanni a cikin abin da sauti da aka sake bugawa da muhimmancin da tsarin. Amma komai kokarin developers na irin wannan software (da software), dama quality, jituwa tare da faifai ko cassette rubũtãwa, ko 'yan wasa na roba records, kuma ba su sarrafa don cimma.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa da yawa masana'antun sun nemi mafita, yadda za a canza format na audio, da sauti ne na halitta. Muraran, wannan ya kai ga kara gasar, wadda muke da yanzu. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai abu da ake buga, amma kuma da sauti studio, "live" wasanni, da ingancin ko da asali saituna cikin sharuddan ilimi na kimiyyar lissafi, acoustics, da sauransu. D.

Ana zargin WAV format

An yi imani da cewa na farko da cikakken-ingancin audio Formats an hade tare da fitowan da kuma fadada daga cikin misali .wav fayiloli (irin raguwa da aka samu daga Turanci kalmar "kaɗa hadayar" ko wani kalaman). Kamar wannan ne, ya zama na farko-haife, wanda za a iya sarrafa a cikin wani kwamfuta shirin a kan wani kwararren matakin.

Irin wannan fayiloli riga ya na da halaye: samfurin kudi, audio zurfin, bit kudi, da kuma more. Wannan sauti da aka ma dace da abin da za a iya samu bayan aiki na al'ada audio CD yin amfani da takamaiman kayan aikin kamar wata al'ada farke. Amma size ya bayyane m. Alal misali, a uku-minti song zai dauki daga 20 zuwa 50 MB.

CD-woje

The format na wani audio CD, ko kuma wajen, da fadada .cda, ya bayyana kusan a lokaci guda.

Ya bambanta da "ka kaɗa" na fayiloli adana a kan rumbun kwamfutarka, ba za a iya edited. Yau da shi za a iya bude a cikin sauti aiki shirin, canza audio transcoding format da kuma ajiye a wani wuri, wanin CD-ROM.

MP3 Codec

Tare da fitowan na Codec gurgu MP3 Encoder music masana'antu ya samu wani real tura, saboda "auna" wadannan fayiloli ne sau goma kasa da guda WAV fayil. Ko minti biyar song a iyakar matsawa da wuya ƙetare size of 5-7 MB. Yarda, wata babbar nasara, ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa wadannan fayilolin yarda ba kawai don gyara sama halaye, amma kuma wasu ƙarin sigogi a cikin nau'i na ID3-tags, wanda dauke da bayanai, misali, artist, album, kuma waƙa da lakabi, ranar saki.

Format audio fayiloli daga irin wannan sun zama mafi rare. Duba, kusan dukan Internet da aka cika da wannan duniya format. A general, zamu iya cewa da audio format zuwa MP3 zama gaskiya juyin juya halin a sauti. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi m da kuma mafi nemi har yanzu, duk da cewa ya je maye gurbin sauran nau'o'in audio. Amma mafi game da cewa daga baya.

AIFF fayiloli

Audio Formats ne wani nau'in. A ake kira .aiff format aka asali halitta don amfani a kan kwamfuta Macintosh.

Kawai yawa daga baya ya da wani canji da qaddara audio Formats jituwa tare da su yi amfani da a kan dandamali, dabam-dabam Tsarukan aiki.

format OGG

Music a cikin audio .ogg format ne ma quite na kowa. Wannan misali da aka ɓullo da Vorbis. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa shi yana da wasu gagarumin drawbacks. Da fari dai, shi ne wani m nauyi a kan albarkatun da kwamfuta tsarin, duk da m size. Na biyu, yin amfani da naka codecs da decoders, wanda da tsarin ta atomatik kuma ba za a iya shigar. Alal misali, a lõkacin da aiki a FL Studio Wallafar Edition shirin (ko XXL) versions kasa 9.xx da wani fayil dauke da kafuwa fayil a .inf format, wanda ya sa za'a kunna da za a shigar bayan shigarwa na babban aikace-aikace da hannu (in ba haka ba saitaccen a cikin irin wannan format ne kawai ba buga fita).

Duk da haka a yanzu da audio Formats na irin wannan da ake samu, da kuma sauti kanta dubi sosai kyau.

AMR misali

Amma ga format, shi ne watakila daga cikin mafi low-Brow. Its asalin an haɗa da farko m mobile phones, wanda har yanzu ba a iya kafa kira karin waƙa a cikin .mp3 format.

AMR sa'an nan iya ko maye gurbin halitta sauti da wasu asarar quality hannun jari. Amma wannan ingancin ba da wani kwatanta cewa miƙa more "ci-gaba" Formats.

MIDI

Abin mamaki, MIDI kuma za a iya dangana ga abin da ake kira "audio Formats." Ko da yake shi an dauke su (da yawa, a gaskiya, tunanin haka har yanzu) da cewa tsarin MIDI ne kawai a sa na umarni, wannan shi ne debatable. Deciphering abbreviations MIDI - Wannan Musical kayan aiki Digital Interface. A gaskiya, wannan tsarin na rikodi da kuma gyara wasu iri data keystrokes, farar wutã ne, tempo, key, effects, da sauransu. D.

Duk da haka, akwai fayiloli tare da tsawo .mid ko .midi, wanda quite kawai sake bugawa a zamani sequencers ko studio rikodi shirye-shirye ta amfani da wani misali sa na sauti format GM (General MIDI), GS (wannan abu) ta Roland kamfanin ko XG (Extended MIDI) daga Kawasaki Corporation. A cikin farko biyu sets, akwai misali 128 sauti, ba kirgawa effects, a cikin na uku - kusan sau uku a matsayin mai yawa.

FLAC

Yanzu mun zo da daya daga cikin na zamani da kuma na musamman Formats na yau. Music a FLAC audio format a yau ne mafi zama na kowa. Wannan shi ne saboda da ingancin da wanda gaskiya music magoya kula, na farko.

Idan ka duba, wannan format da aka bisa ga riga sanannun MP3. Wannan kawai idan baya amfani a cikin rarraba mutum waƙoƙi, wannan ba irin wannan format (har a wani lokaci). A tsarin ne daya ko biyu fayiloli, daya daga wanda ke da wani bayani. Play wannan format iya kawai qware software audio 'yan wasa. Mafi shahara iya kira AIMP. Kawai a cikin yanayin a lokacin da ka bude babban fayil, kuma akwai jerin waƙoƙi rubuce a cikin babban akwati. Wannan player canza tsakanin waƙoƙi da aka sanya a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda a cikin wani. Amma akwai wani alama na mai haɗari shafewa da wani abun da ke ciki (as riga aka ambata, da bayanai a kan su yana kunshe a cikin wata guda fayil).

jituwa Formats

Babu shakka, duk audio Formats yau ne jituwa da juna. A wasu kalmomin, wani misali gida DVD-player ko player software mu jimre wa shi a sauƙaƙe. Haka ya shafi cikin sauti aiki da shirye-shirye. Semi-sana'a da kuma masu sana'a da shirye-shirye gane duk tsare-tsaren da aka sani zuwa ranar (ko da yake ƙayyadaddu na Tsarukan aiki). Audio edita, sequencers, ƙarin kayayyaki, kamar VST, RTAS (for Windows tsarin), ko AU (for Mac OS X) ne iya aiki tare da irin tsare-tsare a wani abin da ake kira giciye-dandamali aiki.

format Chanza

Shirya audio a hanyoyi da dama. Alal misali, za ka iya bude "yan qasar" format, da kuma ajiye fayil a wani. Za ka iya yi da shi ko da sauki. Domin wannan akwai musamman converters. Za su iya kawai download daga jerin so farko fayil format, sa'an nan zabi kawai karshen. Kamar yadda maganar ke, kawai wani abu na sirri.

ingancin sauti aiki

Wani abu, a lokacin da ta je canza wasu daga cikin mita na tushen fayil. Ga ba tare da musamman software kunshe-kunshe zai iya yi ba. Tare da su taimako, kuma ba za ka iya canza ingancin audio fayiloli. Kamar wancan shi ne mai yiwuwa a sauya ba kawai misali daukan samfur rate na 44100 Hz ta kara da shi, ka ce, har zuwa 96.000 Hz, amma kuma yin zurfin saitin na wannan 16 zuwa 24 ko 32 ragowa. Kuma muka ba su magana game da gaskiyar cewa ba za ka iya daidaita bitrate da more, wato, reproducible bandwidth iya aiki, da aka bayyana a kilobits da na biyu. The default darajar da aka dauke su 128 kbit / s. A bit rate za a iya canza a kan kansa, amma mafi kyau ingancin sauti da aka samu a kusa da 320 kbit / s. Hakika, ba kowane mutum ne zai iya gaya bambanci tsakanin misali da kuma iyakar da fallasa sauti halaye. Duk da haka, yana da daraja a gwada zarar yi wasa da baya da audio waƙa tare da daban-daban data on kyau kayan aiki. Ga bambanci kanta ba za ta dauki dogon.

Haka kuma, ban da duk wadannan sigogi za a iya edited, kuma mafi. Wannan kawai shi ne yin amfani da software equalizers, limiters, compressors, crossovers, normalayzer, De-Esser, da sauransu. D., Kuma haka a. N. Kowace a koyaushe ba ka damar daidaita sauti, kamar yadda suka faɗa, "da kanta". Kuma cikakken duk tsare-tsaren da aka sani zuwa ranar, a shirin na irin wannan da kuma za a iya sarrafa.

A karshe kwatanta

Bari mu yi kokarin sa wasu kwatantawa tsakanin tsare-tsaren amfani da (ko da yake dai ba duka akwai a cikin duniya da sauti).

Saboda haka! WAV format, ko "Olympics", za a iya har yanzu a yi amfani a matsayin tsaka-tsaki fayiloli a lokacin m tana mayar da wasu audioreaktorah. Formats na da irin wannan audio fayiloli sau da yawa gabatar a lokacin da ceton bude ayyukan, ko lokacin da rikodin live kida a cikin studio. A fili yake cewa sequencer sa'an nan tafiyar matakai da shigowa bayanai a cikin nau'i na wani audio rafi. Kuma a sa'an nan canza audio tsarin fayil ko ajiye shi a matsayin saiti, ko waƙa iya zama wani abu kuke so.

Formats kamar audio CDs ne yanzu ma m. Idan muka yi la'akari da AIFF, ko OGG, suna mafi kyau a yi amfani da rumfa Studios. Ba ka da ya yi magana game AMR format. MIDI ne amfani kawai kida wanda sani mai kyau hukunci.

An yi imani da cewa a yau mafi kyau audio format - yana da har yanzu FLAC. A cewar kwararru da yawa da kuma masu kida, shi ne ba kawai mafi "cigaba", amma ko da juyin juya halin Musulunci a kwatanta da wadanda cewa wanzu ko wanzu a yau.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa MP3 daga asusun ba zai iya zama sake saiti, saboda kusan duk na rikidadde sauti a kan wannan DVD-ROM, ko MKV-fayil yana da wannan format. Iyakar abin da bambanci a cikin version na Codec da decoder. Amma kuma sauti da bidiyo masana'antu a ta ci gaba da ba su tsaya har yanzu. Yana da matukar ila cewa za mu nan da nan ga mafi kuma wani sabon abu.