Axial kwarangwal - tsirkiya. Biology na ayyuka da kuma muhimmanci

The ayyuka na jiki goyon baya da kuma kare ciki gabobin dabbobi iya za'ayi a hanyoyi biyu. A cikin farko case, wani m kwarangwal - Shell. Yana da aka hada da chitin, domin mafi girma ƙarfi daga cikin impregnated alli salts, phosphorus ko silicon. Crustaceans, gizo-gizo, mites, kwari - suna da dabbobi da harsashi da kuma kira kwaro. Wani rukuni na fauna a lokacin embryogenesis Forms wani ciki kwarangwal, wanda ya yi aikin rawa tsirkiya.

Biology bayyana ta bayyanar a sakamakon aiwatar da organogenesis - da samuwar wani hadadden na axial gabobin. Wannan ya hada da na tsarin jijiya tube, Gut da tsirkiya. Aukuwa na roba connective igiyar zuwa neurula mataki tayi ne hallmark na mutane da kuma dabbobi kasance a cikin Type motsa. Bari mu bincika wannan tsari a cikin mafi daki-daki, kazalika da bayyana rawar da ta axial kwarangwal a vertabrate.

Mene ne wani tsirkiya a ilmin halitta?

Tabbatar da dalilin da wannan ɓangare na tayi ne kamar haka: shi ne unsegmented notochord kunshi na roba connective nama. Yana da wani muhimmanci bangaren a cikin embryogenesis dabbobi kamar chordal. Bookmark tsirkiya auku a karkashin na tsarin jijiya tube na kumshe chordomesoderm wanda aka samu ectoderm farko hanji. A lokacin organogenesis, ya canzu da hanji tube, located kasa tsirkiya. The matakai bayyana a sama ne hadaddun da ake yi karatu a cikin shakka daga cikin general high school ilmin halitta. Yadda za a bayyana wa ƙaramin dalibai, dalibai na ilmin dabbobi da cewa wannan tsirkiya? Biology (Grade 7) tsarin kafa la'akari da misali da kashin baya axis Amphioxus. Bari mu yi nazarin wannan batu a zurfafe.

Halaye na subtype bescherepnyh

Wannan din kungiyar ƙunshi daya aji - Amphioxus. Animals rayuwa a kan kasa na Black Sea, jawabin da mafi ransa binne a cikin yashi da kuma fallasa a farfajiya na ƙarshen gaban na jiki, kewaye da tentacles. Ta hanyar da translucent jiki ne hasken wani m tube - tsirkiya. Biology gan shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na musculoskeletal tsarin na dabba. Notochord a Amphioxus, kamar sauran m chordates - lampreys da hagfish, game da da jawless vertabrate ba cikin yanayin halitta na juya Ta taka rawar da axial kwarangwal. Bugu da kari to kwayoyin na zuwa bescherepnyh da cyclostomes, notochord dõge a wasu kifi. La'akari da siffofin su tsari.

cartilaginous kifi

Common stingray, teku fox, sawfish, spiny dogfish - a title na zurfin teku mazaunan: stingrays da kifayen teku. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na goyon bayan tsarin da kuma motsi hada da wani cartilaginous kwarangwal kuma tsokoki. Tsakanin vertebral jikuna a cikin kashin baya canal ne saura jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga amfrayo laka. Wannan yanayin ne hallmark na ciki tsarin cartilaginous kifi, wanda ko da a} uruciyarsa partially kiyaye tsirkiya. Biology bayyana kamar haka: a lokacin embryogenesis notochord haifar equidistant baya constrictions, a cikin abin da aiwatar da aka qaddamar da calcareous adibas Tsarin. Su hankali raba tsirkiya a jiki na vertebrae guringuntsi, connective nama da kuma sassa zama a ciki da intervertebral fayafai.

Features na tsarin kifi Sturgeon Series

Tare da sharks da kuma haskoki, wanda suna da yawa da na kowa, wakilan wannan kungiya ya kasance a cikin zamanin da kifi. Domin sturgeon, beluga, stellate tsarin ne halin da irin wannan fasali a matsayin ciki cartilaginous kwarangwal kuma notochord. Biology ce cewa magabatan sturgeon bayyana a cikin Devonian lokaci na Paleozoic zamanin. Daga wannan lokaci kan su haltta ya canza ba yawa. Adult siffofin da laka ya rufe tare da wani harsashi na m connective nama da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa. Musamman bushe tsirkiya stellate sturgeon, sturgeon da sauran sturgeon a Rasha ya dade da aka yi amfani da abinci a matsayin cika ga pies da kek, ya kira ta vyazigoy.