Azov Sea: Matsaloli da kuma ban sha'awa facts. Matsalolin muhalli na Azov Sea da kuma ta Coast

A Tekun Azov ne na musamman da muhalli abubuwa. Kowane mutum fahimci muhimmancin kiyaye shi da tsabta a matsayin tushen ba kawai abu amma kuma ruhaniya dũkiya. Wannan sau daya-a na ƙwarai halitta site bukatar tsanani kariya.

Sea na Azov, da matsaloli na wanda - matalauta muhalli jihar a sakamakon tattalin arziki da ayyukan da jihar bakin teku kasashen, da yake faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau. A cikin shekaru goma da shi ya muhimmanci rage adadin muhalli yi, cewa shi ne, ba tare da ƙari, Hausa bala'i.

A Soviet sau jihar aiwatar gwada nasara siyasa na kariya da hydrosphere. A cikin shekaru 90 da Rasha da Ukraine sun halartar manyan sikelin-canje-canje tattalin arziki da siyasa, a kan abin da muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi da aka watsi. Duk da haka, shi rage da kuma kaya a kan yanayin kasa saboda da tattalin arziki koma bayan tattalin arziki.

Da zaran kasashe na yankin shãfe girma, m tasiri a kan yanayi ya kara. By 2008, masana'antu samar da Rasha da Ukraine sun wuce matakin cewa wanzu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Proportionally ya karu da kuma samun a cikin teku daga najasa tõzarta da sauran gurɓatawa.

Mene ne Sea na Azov

Yana nufin da gefen tekun Black Sea tasa daga arewa-maso-gabas, a haɗa da na karshe Kerch mashigar. Wannan teku ne sosai m a duniya. A talakawan zurfi daga cikin Azov Sea a cikin mafi "tsanani" yankunan bai wuce 13,5 m, kuma da nisa daga cikin mashigar - 4.2 km. A iyakar da shi suna located in latitud 45 ° 12'30 "da kuma 47 ° 17'30", longitude 33 ° 38 'da kuma 39 ° 18'. A general, da talakawan zurfi daga cikin Azov Sea jeri daga 6.8 zuwa 8 mita. Its mafi girma tsawon 343 km, matsakaicin nisa na 231 km a fadin. A fannin teku surface - 37605 km, kuma da bakinta aka mĩƙe a 1472 km.

Azovskoe teku, da yawan zafin jiki na wanda aka fallasa a manyan yanayi canje-canje wakiltar wani gwada da kananan jiki na ruwa. A taimako ne lebur tare da low teku gaba. A ɓangaren da, ba shakka, yana ba shi da halaye. Watakila ba kowa ya san cewa mafi nahiyar a duniya - shi ne Tekun Azov. Its zazzabi a bazara +24 ... +26 ° C. A cikin hunturu, shi freezes a kan a duk ko a ɓangare, a cikin bazara da kankara da aka kwashe ta mashigar a cikin Black Sea.

A gwargwado na Azov Sea ne low isa. A kan talakawan, shi ne sau uku kasa da al'ada, gwargwado na teku ruwa. Wannan darajar ne game da 1 ppm zuwa Don mahaɗar tsakãninsu yankin da kuma qara wa 10.5 ppm kusa da tsakiyar rabo. A Kerch mashigar, gwargwado na Azov Sea ya kai a kalla - 11.5 ppm.

Abin da muka sani game da mazaunanta? Azov teku nazarin halittu albarkatun da suke da farko quite manyan, yanzu yana da 103 jinsunan kifaye. Plankton biomass kai 200 g da square size. m.

Matsalolin muhalli na Azov Sea

Babban fasaha barnatar da mukaddashin dalilai suna fadowa daga kõguna untreated najasa dauke da sharar gida. Tsohon shugaban duniya a kiwon kifi, da teku da aka rasa a lokacin duk da darajar. Yanzu da abun ciki na phenols wuce MPC da 7 sau, thiocyanates - 12,6.

Babban kafofin na marine gurbatawa - tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma masana'antu da kamfanoni Mariupol. Metallurgical Hada "Azovstal" a shekara fitarda ta ruwa fiye da miliyan 800 cubic mita ruwa mai guba.

Sun saukar da wuce haddi na MPC da nitrogen, da baƙin ƙarfe, da jan karfe, tutiya da man fetur da kayayyakin. Wani babbar polluter - kasuwanci mai tashar jiragen ruwa na Mariupol. Ya lura shuka gaba daya m - a cikin ruwan Manuniya gurbatawa ya fi ko ina kuma.

Me damu muhalli

Specialist kula girma sulfur kundin, wanda overloading da aka gudanar a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Ukraine, kazalika da tabarbarewar gina rabin karni da suka wuce, ruwa ci tsarin, da rashin a kauyuka da garuruwa najasa magani tsarin, saboda abin da shi ne kai tsaye, a cikin tẽku ruwa samun datti. Bisa kididdigar da, da girma na shekara-shekara baki sharar gida a cikin Tekun Azov har zuwa biliyan 5 cubic mita.

mai marine gurbatawa saboda shipping da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa da ayyukan da ya dauka catastrophic.

Da taro a Tekun Azov wurare ya wuce duk tunanin iyaka. Pesticide ciki ya kai 40 MG / l. Saboda zub da man fetur ne kaskanta oxygen musayar, na cikin ruwa kwayoyin suna guba da magungunan kashe qwari. Yana da wani taro kifi mace-mace. Ruwa tsaro zone qunshi wani taro na masana'antu da kuma m tõzarta.

m kama kifi

Sauran matsalolin muhalli na Azov Sea suna hade da mazaunanta. Kasa trawling ya dade da aka hukuma da dakatar, amma, duk da haka, an yi amfani da kusan ko'ina. A sakamakon kasa-chan an hallaka kifi mazauninsu, Shellfish mutu-tace feeders - kifi abinci wadata. Mafitar murk ga dama kilomita rage nuna gaskiya da ruwa.

Kawai wani ɓangare na kama kifi jirgin ruwa da aka izini da aiki tare da ƙuntatawa seine kama. Amma a gaskiya da girma na ta fãta. Har ila yau, sau da yawa amfani maimakon raga trawls, sakamakon halaka ba kawai kifi hannun jari, amma kuma wurin da ta spawning da kuma ciyar da. Haramtacciyar farauta da ya jagoranci wani karu a 5 sau na samarwa a cikin 'yan shekaru.

sauran lokacin

Abin da kuma damunsa na takaici ecologists? A yawa tambayoyi, da kuma wani jerin su ne da nisa daga gajiya. Wannan shi ne gina kududdufai a kan Don kuma Kuban (babban kõguna na Azov Sea), a hankali ya jũya a cikin wata katuwar landfill. Kuma clogging sunadarai kewaye ƙasa a sakamakon gabatarwar noman noma daga shuka shinkafa. Kuma da uncontrolled sallama da magungunan kashe qwari.

Bugu da kari, da mummunan tasiri a kan Azov Sea matsalar da m yi a bakin tekun sa na lodges da mura, wanda yana da za'ayi ba tare da kiyaye wani kiwon lafiya da kuma muhalli da nagartacce. Wannan gaji da damuwa da na halitta jihar rairayin bakin teku da kuma rage-rage su m.

Shi ne kuma mai tsanani matsalar - zuba, watau sharar gida dashi, daga jirgi da jirgin sama, a cikin tẽku, ko su habarta halaka ... Kamar wancan akwai samu ta Mercury da gubar seawater, wanda ayan tara a cikin babba yadudduka.

Azov Sea - Matsaloli da Solutions

The kawai zai yiwu hanyar warware gaggawa matsaloli na muhalli da masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni da muhimman hakkokin canji a manyan al'amurra a yankin. Ya kamata a rage samar da miƙa mulki ga kamun kifi da kuma hutu. A tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma kai kayayyakin more rayuwa na bukatar tsananin iko da tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma shipping, da dakushe zirga-zirga na m da m kaya na zamani da najasa magani shuke-shuke da gine-gine na sababbi.

Iya taimaka rage samar da ruwa amfani, kara fanarite for mara izini saki effluents.

A jihohin bakin teku bukatar bita na da akida, da na noma, abandonment na amfanin gona da cewa suna girma tare da yin amfani da m da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma takin, na maido da spawning kifi da su hijirarsa hanyoyi.

Matakan da ake bukata don ƙara ja dokoki game da kariya na jihar bakin teku sashi da kuma na yau da kullum monitoring na muhalli jihar na jihar bakin teku da kuma marine yanayi, tantama haramta zuba a teku na untreated sharar gida da ruwa da kuma magudanun ruwa.

Abin da a yau akwai hanyoyin da za a tsabtace shi?

Jiki da kuma sinadaran hanyoyin

Inji tsaftacewa da aka yi amfani da lokacin da ka so ka cire insoluble daskararru. Wannan ne yake aikata ta ƙagauta, tacewa, sedimentation da kuma kau da slurry barbashi da kuma juya centrifugal karfi.

Chemical hanyoyin da ake amfani da su kawar da ruwa mai narkewa abubuwa. Reagents amfani da wannan manufa, Munã rage yawan guba ko solubility abin gurɓatawa. Chemical Hanyar: A hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma raguwa, neutralization, kau daga karfe ions.

Physico-sinadaran hanyoyin, watau. E. Hada hanyoyin sa shi yiwuwa a rabu da impurities a cikin nau'i na emulsions da suspensions, abubuwa narkewa a cikin ruwa (duka kwayoyin da inorganic). Sunayen da babban hanyoyin: coagulation, ion musayar, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, da sauransu.

A thermal Hanyar da aka yi amfani da lokacin da shi ake bukata don cire daga ruwa mai guba kwayoyin abubuwa da kuma ma'adinai salts. Wannan na faruwa ta maida hankali da effluent da isolating su daga sludge hadawan abu da iskar shaka na Organic abubuwa ta hanyar matsa catalysts da neutralization wuta.

Biochemical wajen da kuma hanyoyin

Irin wannan hanyoyin wanzu for tsaftacewa ruwa daga mafi cikinta narkar da kwayoyin kuma jera inorganic abubuwa. Wannan tsari ne da ya gina a kan ikon wasu shuke-shuke da kwayoyin yi amfani da abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar abinci.

Irin tsarkakewa tsari yana da matakai biyu, da ya kwarara kudi wanda shi ne daban-daban:

1. adsorption na narkar da impurities da lafiya kwayoyin.

2. Halakar cutarwa abubuwa intracellularly da wani tsarin sunadarai.

Domin kusan ba oxidizing inorganic abubuwa kafa matsakaicin taro.

Inda kuma yadda da nazarin halittu magani daukan wuri?

Irin wannan hanya ne zai yiwu a wucin gadi da kuma yanayi. A karshen hada da ban ruwa filin, nazarin halittu tafkunan, tacewa, da sauransu. D.

ban ruwa filin - musamman dandali, hada da namo na amfani da amfanin gona da ruwa mai guba da magani. Idan kome an girma, shi ne fagen tacewa. Ƙasa hanyoyin su ne Popular a matsayin wata hanya amfanin gona samar intensification.

Halittu tafkunan gaba da hadaddun na lura da wurin. Wannan m ruwa jikinsu, karya cikin sassan. Sun yi aiki ne kawai a lokacin rani.

A ƙarshe - domin kauce wa wani muhalli bala'i, na bukatar a bayyana jiha da manufofin kare marine yanayin kasa. Idan ba ka fara yanzu don ajiye Sea na Azov, matsalar iya zama babu ja.