A yanayi na Baikal. Lake Baikal - da mamaki yanayi

A mafi girma sculptor da kuma m dukan lokaci - da yanayi. By ta musamman siffar da kuma musamman, kuma su kewayon ne kullum tunatarwata Adam na girma, kyakkyawa da ƙarfi. A ƙasar Rasha ne sosai high, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa a ta bude sarari akwai da yawa ban mamaki halittun da yanayi. Labarin da su asalin ne sau da yawa hade da wani iri-iri da camfin da Legends da suke da ban sha'awa na dubban mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Rasha mu'ujiza yanayi - Lake Baikal - janyo hankalin babbar dama yawon bude ido da kuma bincike saboda ta musamman halaye.

fitowan

Don wannan rana, asalin da lake da shekaru rigima masana kimiyya. Baikal ne mafi tsufa jiki na ruwa a duniya, da samuwar ya faru fiye da miliyan 30 da suka wuce, tare da wani irin nau'in ilimin glacial tabkuna "live" ba fiye 10-15 shekara dubu. A wannan lokaci, akwai komowar matakai na siltation ko eutrophication. A wannan ma'ana Baikal - mãmãki yanayi, ta ruwa ne m, suna da mafi ƙasƙanci da matakan samu ta hanyar kwayoyin da kuma ma'adinai mahadi da bakinta hankali ya canjãwa ƙara. Stone kwano, wanda shi ne mafi girma adadin sabo ruwa a duniya, kewaye da kusan dukkan bangarorin da dutsen gangara. Wannan babban ciki, located a kan ƙasar, a cikin ra'ayi na masana kimiyya da dama, ke ta ɓawon burodi da babba yadudduka da alkyabba. Saboda haka, an zaci cewa tectonic matakai sa a cikin samuwar tafki. Yaushe ne kuma yaya wannan tsohon teku, zauna da za a gani, amma yanayi ne na Baikal fuskanceshi mutãne da yawa tambayoyi.

labarin kasa

A vastness na Gabas Siberia daga arewa maso gabashin zuwa kudu maso yammacin lullube a cikin wani jinjirin wata-dimbin yawa sararin ruwa. Lake Baikal aka located in Central Asia a kan iyakar da Jamhuriyar Buryatia da Irkutsk yankin. Its tsawon shi ne 630 km, da nisa daga jeri 25 zuwa 80 km. A yankin na jiki na ruwa ne m tare da karkarar da wasu kasashen Turai (Netherlands, Belgium), shi ne game da 32 000 sq. km. A ƙirin ne sau da yawa canza, ta matsakaicin tsawon yana gyarawa a kusa da 2,200 km. kasa topography ne bambance bambancen, akwai shelves na jihar bakin teku da kuma karkashin ruwa ridges, amma ya nema da Lake Baikal - mafi zurfi lake a duniya. Hydrographic safiyo da kuma Ft Irfan kara kasa da ake gudanar a kai a kai. A cewar 'yan data tabbatar da matsakaicin zurfin 1642 mita, da wani talakawan na kan 700 mita. Na biyu mafi girma zurfin-ruwa tabkuna Tanganyika da kuma shagaltar da Caspian (Caspian Sea).

bincike

A yanayi na Baikal yana da ko da yaushe burge mutane da primeval, bambancin da monumentality. A farko bayanai game da lake kwanan baya zuwa XVI karni, a wancan lokaci, Siberia janyo hankalin masu bincike kamar yadda ya zama tushen furs, da duwatsu masu daraja da kuma karafa ores. Rasha ofisoshin jakadancin aika zuwa kasar Sin a karo na farko, na amfani da mai girma "Ocean Sea" a kan taswira. A lokaci guda N. Spafarija bayyanar da wani jiki na ruwa kamar yadda Lake Baikal, da Fauna da Flora, ta Coast. Tun kafuwar na Rasha Academy of Sciences (1723), da umurnin Bitrus 1 fara mayar da hankali nazari da tafki, da kaddarorin ruwanta, asalin, Flora da fauna. Archaeologists, masana tarihi, folklorists, geologists, muhalli ne da muhimman hakkokin karatu na Lake Baikal, wanda wannan rana mai cike da asirai.

Ruwa da kankara

Baikalskaya ruwa tare da cikakken oxygen, ya qunshi wani sosai kananan yawan kwayoyin da inorganic mahadi da za a iya amfani da a matsayin distilled. A cikin bazara shi ne mafi m, wuce da rana ta haskoki, yana da wani blue tint, abubuwa samu a kasa za a iya gani a zurfin 40 mita. Da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa taro dabam dangane da zurfin: kasa yadudduka bazara warmed zuwa ⁰ C 4, da farfajiya 9 zuwa + ^{0 °} C, da kuma a cikin kududdufi bays matsakaicin 15 ⁰ C. Saboda samuwar a farfajiya na babban adadin ruwa bioplanktona zama greenish, ta nuna gaskiya an rage zuwa 8 mita. Ice a kan Lake Baikal ne batu na binciken da masana kimiyya da dama. Its kauri ya kai 1-1.5 mita, a cikinta shi ne m. A jihar bakin teku yankunan suna kafa a cikin kududdufi kogwanni da spatter, low zazzabi crack kankara da halayyar sauti kama da tsawa ko harbi. Musamman kankara Baikal "tuddai" an mazugi-dimbin yawa tsarin da m core, su tsawo iya isa 6 mita. A ramuka suna located in tuddai daga Coast. Tuddai iya samar da wata irin ridges ko sanya daya bayan daya.

girgizar kasa

Rauni da raurawar ƙasa (1-2 points) an lura a Baikal kullum. Tectonic tafiyar matakai an canza kasan topography da jihar bakin teku sashi. Karfi da raurawar asa faruwa quite a kai a kai, su effects dogara a kan ƙarfi daga aftershocks. A 1862, a sakamakon daya daga cikinsu da damar 10 da maki ya canza Delta na Selenga, suka tafi a karkashin wani babban populated yanki na ƙasar. A karshe rubuce da girgizar kasa na girma 6 lura a 2010. Kila tectonic matakai hade tare da ci gaban da lake. Saboda haka, shi yana karuwa a shekara ta 2 cm.

Inflow da outflow

A girma daga sabo ruwa na Lake Baikal ne game da 24 000 km ^3, shi ne ya fi girma ne kawai a cikin Caspian Sea, amma shi ne m. Siberian Sea an ciyar da mai manyan ambaliya na kõguna da waɗansu kõguna. Su kimanin lambar da yake 330-340 guda, dangane da lokaci na shekara. A lokacin bazara da snow narke a cikin kewaye hillsides yawan kõguna ne ƙwarai karu. Don mafi girma waterways na Lake Baikal ne da Selenga River (kawo rabin na girma na jimlar inflows), Barguzin, Upper Angara, Turk, Sarma, da dai sauransu Rage ƙarar ne saboda da na halitta aiwatar da danshin daga surface na lake. Babban kwarara auku a cikin rumfar ajiye jiragen sama. Af, wannan kogin ya shafi mai yawa Legends da labaru. Mutanen suka kira shi kyakkyawa, da kawai 'yar tsohon lake.

Biota

Baikal Nature shi ne bambancin da kuma musamman. Rocky gangara rufe da gandun daji thickets, wanda ake lugar da wani babban yawan dabbobi: beyar, barewa, Foxes, gaggafa kuma haka a. D. Total masana kimiyya akwai game da 2650 jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke, da kuma 65-70% na su ba su samu a cikin duniya yanayin kasa, watau . Su wadan. The musamman da suka bambanta da dabba duniya na lake saboda ta oxygen jikewa cikin zurfin da ikon tsarkake kansa. Epishura crustacean (zooplankton), da Baikal hatimi, live-hali kifi golomyanka, cisco, sturgeon, Grayling, kasa-mazauni soso ya ba da wani ra'ayi na dabam dabam fauna daga cikin lake. A babban taro na lake Flora kunshi algae cewa rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban (diatoms, zinariya, da shuɗi-kore). Kasa yadudduka ko da a kalla acan ake lugar densely isa, da kwayoyin halitta ne da wani abinci source for zurfin teku mazaunan. By yawa Manuniya (shekaru, Properties na ruwa, zurfin, musamman dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke), da lake ne na musamman da yanayin kasa a kan duniya sikelin, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa kariya yanayi Baikal - shi ne daya daga cikin manyan al'amurra na jihar.

Kare Mahalli

Karo shahara, wayewa da kuma ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi, kullum ƙare har lashe mutum da aka yi duniya. 150 shekaru da suka wuce da waterfront sun impenetrable gandun daji, a cikin abin da matafiya suke jin tsoro ka tafi saboda manyan yawan bears. Yau, m deforestation, gurbatawa na koguna da iska, kazalika da farautar ya zama wata barazana ga wanzuwar wani musamman al'ummar yanayin kasa, yanayin Baikal. Babban lahani sa wa shuke-shuke located a kan Coast da kuma manyan garuruwa da biranen. A babbar mataki da adana tafkin ya ƙulli daga wani ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda niƙa da kuma canja wurin da bututun wani hadari nesa daga yankin. A matakin na ruwa gurbatawa da kwayoyin da inorganic mahadi sosai high saboda da inflow Selenga. Industrial da kuma na birni ruwa mai guba, malala daga ta da nisa da tushe da kuma fada a cikin tafkin Baikal. Nature kiyayewa da kariya da muhalli tsarin a halin yanzu da ake gudanar a kan tushen da 1999 dokar tarayya. Yana shirya ayyuka da cewa an yarda da wani sashe a kan lake. Kusan duk na jihar bakin teku wuraren da lake kanta ya kamata a yi wata babbar ajiye, wanda za a shirya a m yanayi na sauran, yawon shakatawa da kuma yanayin kasa gudanar da bincike. A shekarar 1996, a tafkin aka kunshe a cikin jerin UNESCO Duniya Heritage, t. E. ya samu matsayi na tunawa, kare da mutãne.

yawon shakatawa

The kyau yanayi na Lake Baikal shekara janyo hankalin babban adadin mutane. A mafi rare makõma ne aiyukan-yawon shakatawa, yin yawo da kuma doki hawa a kan tanada wuraren a high bukatar daga kasashen waje. Active siffofin hutu ne ma a bukatar (gudun kan, boating da catamarans a kan Lake Baikal, da sauransu. D.). Duk da haka, mafi yawan masu yawon shakatawa zo nan don duba a wannan mu'ujiza yanayi. Baikal ne ko da yaushe daban-daban: da serene sararin tafkin bada hanya zuwa hadari, musamman sauyin yanayi da kuma kyau na jihar bakin teku gandun daji za a iya gani for hours. Number of jan hankali halitta da yanayi da kuma mutumin mai girma archaeological, al'adu da kuma wuraren tarihi suna located tare da hanya na yawon shakatawa hanyoyi.