Bartolomeo Rastrelli, da m: biography, aiki. Smolny Cathedral, da Winter Palace, Stroganov Palace

Architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli - mahaliccin da yawa m, kyau gine-gine. Its manyan gidãje da addini gine-gine suna dukar a cikin ƙawa da ƙawa, da girman kai, da kuma regal. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Bayan duk, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, wanda biography ne ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa magoya na zamani gine-gine, halitta da kuma sanya for sarakuna.

A takaice game da yara

Haifi Bartolomeo Franchesko Rastrelli a Paris, ɗan wata talented da kuma sanannun Italian sculptor Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Wannan ya faru baya a 1700, lokacin da Faransa mulki Louis XIV. Sarki ƙwarai nuna godiya ga kotun sculptor, sai kadan yara Francesco shige cikin hakuri da rashin kulawa.

Yaron ya yi girma sosai na bincike da kuma m. Ya so ya yi wani abu da hannuwansu, son a yi koyi da mahaifinsa da Hone da basirarsu.

Motsi a Rasha

Bayan rasuwar "Sun King" Carlo Rastrelli samu wani gayyatar daga Rasha kotu a kan wani uku-shekara aiki a masarautar arewa. A lokacin, shi ne m talented sana'a je aikin a Rasha, don haka Rastrelli, Sr., ba tare da tunanin sau biyu, ya tattara iyali da kuma ya tafi zuwa St. Petersburg.

Capital ya gana 'yan kasashen waje da idon. The iyali zauna a gidansa na kansa, jin dadin da girmama juna da kuma girmamawa. Bitrus I, m tsari na sabon birni, bi da tare da talented sana'a kirki da kuma girmamawa. Da ya ga ikon da fasaha na kwararru kawota umarni, ya bi ta hanyar mai kyau, to, lalle sarauta lada.

A farkon kerawa

Daga wani matasa shekaru Bartolomeo Rastrelli tsunduma a tsanani zodcheskoy aiki a karkashin shiriya da dubawa na mahaifinsa. Alal misali, ya halarci kammala wasu daga cikin fadar Prince Menshikov - mai kuzari da kuma ikon-jin yunwa Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus ɗan kura.

A farko mun gwada m aikin da Bartolomeo Rastrelli (af, a Rasha, wani matashi mai suna m Bartholomew Varfolomeyevich) ya gina wani uku-storey fadar halitta dutse domin Mabayyani yarima, dattaku da kuma masanin Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira.

The m bai ba ta farko da ginin wasu rarrabe fasali da kuma halaye. Babu, da gidan sarki aka gina daidai da kullum yarda style of Bitrus I, shi ne muhimmi a cikin cikar girma, tsabta da sanarwa akan abinda da flatness na facade. Naka style of Rastrelli zai zabi daga baya.

A 1720 shekaru, an haifar da m sau da yawa tafiya zuwa Faransa da Italiya zama saba da sabon salo trends da kuma kwatance a cikin art na ginin.

siyasa juyi

A farkon 1930s, a sãfiya ta sarautar Anny Ioannovny, Rastrelli, mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon dangantaka da Empress tafi ta masu sauraro, shan dansa tare da shi da kuma jawo almara.

The matasa sarauniya, jinyar da ƙawa da ladabi, bãyarwa dauki talented gine-ginen da kuma bayar da su tare da girmamawa da yin gina nasa gidan sarauta. Sai saurayin m wata damar rarrabe kansa a gaban empress. Duk da ayyukan da aka amince da aiwatar.

A hunturu Palace

Da zuwan Anny Ioannovny ƙãra m fara aiki cikin rayuwarsa - ya aka wakkala a gama da babban gidan sarki a St. Petersburg. Abin da ke sa Bartolomeo Rastrelli? A Winter Palace, gina a farkon 1700s, da Empress da jũna kananan da kuma sananne, don haka ta farin ciki soma da m shirin na wahayi zuwa gare m, bisa ga abin da shi ya zama dole in saya da baya hudu tsaye a kusa da gidan, kuma a cikin wuri zuwa kafa wani m Ginin.

A 'yan shekarun baya ginin da aka kammala, da kuma a gaban St. Petersburg gabatar da kanta da sanya hudu-labarin gini, ta facade fuskantar Neva River, da kuma maraba da kusan saba'in jihar dakuna da kuma a kan mutum ɗari da dakuna kwana, kazalika da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, gallery, ɗakin sujada, kuma mai yawa aiki, kuma su tsare gabatarwa.

A fadar da aka kunã mãsu alfãhari kuma richly yi wa ado, da wani zagaye rusticated ginshikan da pediment sculptures, da kuma dukan farko bene na gidan shagaltar da wata babbar gallery tare da arches.

Abin lura shi ne cewa Rastrelli ya sake canza Winter Palace. Yana faru shekaru ashirin da daga baya, a zamanin sarautar Elizabeth.

A sabon empress samu babban mazaunin Romanovs datti da kuma ba ta dace don su status. Ta so ta kara yawan gini tsawo da kuma tsawon. Ya zama dole, na rushe ginin, kuma a wurinsa gina wani sabon, mafi dace domin liyafar na ministocin harkokin wajen kasashen da na bikin.

The ƙwarai tsarin da sabon Winter Palace, wanda aka gina karkashin kulawa na Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Gininsu, ma'aikata goma sha biyar da ɗari da dakuna da kuma maida hankali da wani yanki na mutum dubu sittin da cubic mita.

Palace da ciwon babbar rectangular siffar, mahaukaci a ciki da gaban naúra da kuma m, daidai retracted facade, wanda aka sanye take da yadu rabu ginshikan da isasshe windows, taga casings na daban-daban siffofi da kuma da yawa vases da mutummutumai sanya a kan parapets.

Abin lura shi ne cewa zamani view na Winter Palace, kuma aka sani da hermitage, shi ne kusan gaba daya yayi dace da na karshe aikin na babban m.

A m for Biron

A 1730 Bartolomeo Rastrelli fara a hankali sadarwa tare da Biron - a fi so na Anny Ioannovny. A karkashin angarorin na uncrowned sarki ta sarauta m zama da m na yanzu empress. Af, Elizaveta Petrovna, bayan shekaru goma sha biyar, wanda ya zo ikon ta fada juyin mulki, kuma dadin da sabis na Rastrelli matsayin shugaba m.

Domin Biron m tasowa da kuma daukawa fitar da ayyukan domin gina da kuma Mitavsky Rundale manyan gidãje. A nan, master Halicci sikelin ginawa gravitating zuwa rufaffiyar tsarin, cikinsa da rinjaye kashi ne elongate tsakiyar jiki.

Tare da kowane sabon jawo art Bartolomeo Rastrelli ci gaba da inganta, Lines da dabaru suna samun mafi roba da kuma taimako.

Aiki a kan sake fasalin kudin. Anichkov Palace

Tare da isowa na gaba mai mulkin wata talented m fara bayyana ban sha'awa da kuma dadi umarni, daya daga wanda ya kammala yi a kan Fontanka River, qaddamar da m Zemtsov. Luxury gini, gina a cikin Baroque style, suka gangara a tarihi a matsayin Anichkov Palace. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli dubawa da yi da kuma kisa na sabon abu Tsarin, da siffar kama da harafin "H".

Aiki a kan sake fasalin kudin. Peterhof

A na gaba domin na Rastrelli ya reorganization na Peterhof.

Elizaveta Petrovna duk zuciyata so don inganta da kuma wadãtar da mazaunin ya marigayin mahaifinsa. Don yin wannan, ta umurce su da su ci gaba da bayyanar da gini Bitrus style da kuma yanayi na lokaci, duk da haka, umurni da endow da shiri na zamani girma da kuma sikelin.

Bartolomeo Rastrelli, ya iya fadada da kuma gyara fadar hadaddun, da barin ta ma'ana tsakiyar ginin kusan canzawa. A tarnaƙi na shi shafa jiki da kuma gina sabon haimõmi, a haɗa su tare da m galleries, kazalika da gina a kan uku bene, kuma ya ɓullo da wani picturesque shakatawa tsarin.

A mafi m kashi na ciki na Peterhof - wani square da biyu-sautin gaban zauren bene, ado da na marmari gama.

Ga akwai kome - tsada gilding abubuwa da kuma m zanen ganuwar da stucco, itace sassaƙa kuma sunã ƙirƙirãwa.

Aiki a kan sake fasalin kudin. Tsarskoye Selo

Wani babbar gini aikin, wanda da za a redone, ya bazara sarauta zama, located in Tsarskoye Selo. Ta Empress dauke ma tsohon-kera da kuma kananan.

Abin da canje-canje da za a yi domin inganta Catherine Palace? Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli saduwa son zũciyõyin sarki da ke sa a sake fasalin kudin na Rasha Baroque style, sunã rãyar da ba kudi, kuma bã da wani sauran wajen. A ado na facades da mutummutumai fitar da fiye da ɗaya da ɗari kilo na zinariya.

A kan aiwatar da gyara da m koma babban bene a kudu maso yammacin gefen fada, fallasa da slowness na layi daya dab da juna bukukuwan zauren. kara bunkasa da hollows na windows, da samar da wani arziki play haske da launi. facades ado da stucco kuma sculptures zuwa ado da su a cikin m blue da kuma arziki zinariya launuka. Duk wannan ya ba da aka fi so fadar Empress festive kauri da kuma m wani tunanin magana.

sabon ayyukan

Duk da haka, da gine-gine da aikin da Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli ba iyakance kawai ga sake fasalin kudin kasashen waje da ayyukan. A m halitta nasa talented da kuma asali zane, wanda ya gina da alatu da kuma bukukuwan gine-gine. Daya daga cikin wadannan sifofi shine Smolny Cathedral. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli cika shi a cikin wani lush kuma Artsy Elizabethan Baroque style, Popular kuma dormer gables da fentin a taushi haske blue color.

A hadaddun na addini gine-gine sanya sabon abu da kuma na musamman. Cathedral gina biyar-domed, amma kawai wani guda Dome (da ciwon da most size) kai tsaye da dangantaka da Haikalin, da sauran hudu ne kararrawa.

Wani talented aiki na m ne Stroganov Palace. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli hade uku gine-gine a cikin daya kowa facade, cibiyar da ta kafa wani portico da gashi na makamai, da kuma za'ayi mafi grand bene ado da arziki stucco da gilt aikata baƙin ƙarfe railings kuma a fili gallery, ado da gilded sculptures da kuma babbar madubai.

A cikin ginin housed a grand zauren yanki na mutum ɗari da ashirin da takwas murabba'in mita.

faɗuwar rana kerawa

Tare da mutuwar Elizabeth sunk zuwa abu wulakantacce pompous da tsada Baroque style, don haka Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli Na fita daga aiki. Yana da aka maye gurbinsu da sabon Masters zo, mafi ilmi cikin zamani art. Rashin umarni da fuskantar kudi matsaloli, da tsufa m yanke shawarar neman iznin da ke zuwa Italiya, ostensibly domin jinya.

A nan m strenuously neman abokan ciniki, amma shi bai yi aiki ba. A layi daya tare da wannan talented Rastrelli ya san cewa Catherine aka sanya wa wani m. Saboda haka babban Italian samun bakin ciki murabus da kuma mai kyau fensho a dubu rubles.

Tare da iyalinsa (daga m ya ƙaunataccen matarsa da kuma yara biyu) Rastrelli bar Rasha. Tare da hanyar da ya hadu da onetime majiɓinci, Biron da kuma aika zuwa mahaifarsa domin ya canza da kuma inganta Courland dukiya da tsohon regent na Rasha Empire.

An ce da na karshe aiki na talented sana'a ya zama aikin na Church of St. kabilar Saminu, da St. Anna, wanda aka gabatar a ƙãra gwani da kaina ga Count Panin zuwa neman diyya daga dubu goma sha biyu. Duk da haka, da count ba la'akari da shi wajibi ne don amsa ga wata takarda Rastrelli, ko ya gina coci daidai da zane, bayan da m ta mutuwa.

kwanaki na arshe

A karshe shekaru kafin mutuwarsa, babban m da aka gudanar a gushewa, kuma Muka cikã. Duniya na art aka ba da ake bukata ya halitta sãbuwa, ba wanda ya ce shi game da sabon ayyukan da gine-gine. Yana da bakin ciki, kuma yanã raunanar da whiled tafi da kwanaki a talented artist. Musamman bakin ciki shi ne ya rayuwa bayan matarsa ta mutuwa.

Masana tarihi da kuma masu sukar har karshen sani ba ainihin ranar da mutuwa na Rastrelli. Mai yiwuwa, ya mutu a watan Maris-Afrilu 1771. Wurin binne shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba.

Duk da haka, ya bar baya da mai girma, da daraja, da na marmari al'adunmu - manyan ayyukan da suka shige ta cikin ƙarni da wahalai. Su ne har yanzu ganin darajarsa da murna baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya.