Bee cututtuka da kuma magani. disinfection na amya

Daban-daban na ƙudan zuma cututtuka ne da ainihin matsalar kowane beekeeper. Abin takaici, mafi yawan su suna da har yanzu ba a sani ba. A wannan yanayin, da bayyanar cututtuka da dama cututtuka na ƙudan zuma mai haske magana ba a halin, da kuma ga ido tsirara don gano su quite wuya. Wannan, bi da bi, za su iya haifar da asarar dubun iyalan saboda da rashin yiwuwar ganewar asali a wani wuri mataki.

Mafi na kowa kudan zuma cututtuka da kuma su magani

Don kwanan wata, shayarwa sun janye wata babbar dama Hardy kuma Hardy jinsunan wadannan kwari. Da dama daga cikinsu za a iya diluted ciki har da a Rasha. Don dukan cututtuka na duk zamani jinsunan ƙudan zuma, da sa'a, fairly barga. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin cuta, da rashin alheri, zai iya har yanzu faru ne a apiaries, da kuma quite sau da yawa.

Mafi na kowa amsar wannan tambaya game da abin da lafiya ƙudan zuma a kan apiaries ne:

• Varroa.

• American da kuma Turai foulbrood.

• nosema.

• askosferoz.

Duk wadannan cututtuka ne quite m, kuma za a iya rage yawan aiki na iyalansu. Jiyya ƙudan zuma daga varroatosis, foulbrood, nosema cutar da sauran cututtuka kamata a fara nan da nan bayan da ganewa na farko bayyanar cututtuka. Yana za a iya sanya ta amfani duka biyu masana'antu kwayoyi da kuma jama'a magunguna.

Sanadin Varroa infestation

Wannan wani hatsari da na kowa cututtuka riga rubuta daruruwan littattafai. Kira shi da mite Varroa destructor, wani m a kan aiki ƙudan zuma, da drones, larvae da pupae. A kasar, da cutar da aka fara rubuce a shekarar 1964 da kuma kwanan wata ne ya fi kowa a cikin apiaries.

Varroa kamuwa da cuta yakan faru a cikin lamba tare da lafiya dabbobi da lafiya. A mafi yawan lokuta wannan yana sanya yiwu da sata zuma ƙudan zuma daga sauran apiaries ma kusa jeri na amya, a lokacin da ziyartar kwari na wannan zuma shuke-shuke.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Yana bayyana cutar, da rashin alheri, ba a lokaci daya. Da farko ãyõyi za a iya gani kawai bayan shekara daya ko biyu bayan kamuwa da cuta. Babban cututtuka su ne varroatosis:

• Ana zargin wani iyali na mummuna dabbobi.

• emaciation ƙudan zuma.

• rauni rabo bude brood (larvae decompose).

• da manyan yawan matattu larvae a kan migratory board.

Kayayyakin dubawa na kwari za a iya sauƙi gano da kuma mafi kaska.

Yadda za a rabu da apiary Varroa destructor

Jiyya na ƙudan zuma daga varroatosis - wata hanya quite wuya. Wasu jama'a hanyoyin a wannan yanayin ne yawanci bai isa ba. Furta warkewa sakamako a wannan cuta nuna da gaske ne kawai musamman m kayayyakin. Bayan ganewa na kamuwa da apiary beekeepers Varroa iyalan fi amfani da hanyar biyu iri:

• amitrazovye.

• fluvalinatovye.

Bisa amitraz sanya inganci da kwayoyi kamar "Ruwa-Flo", "Bipin-T" da "Apimaks". Bee umarnin don yin amfani da wadannan kudi ne fairly sauki. A sakamako suna da matukar kyau. Amfani fluvalinate yi kwayoyi kamar "Api-San", "Varropol", "Fumisan".

Bugu da kari zuwa takamaiman kwayoyi, da su bi ƙudan zuma daga varroatosis sau da yawa amfani kuma formic acid. Wannan yana nufin saman da tsarin da aka bi. Vaporized, formic acid kisan mites a kudan zuma brood ko.

Drug "Bipin-T": umarnin don amfani da

Yana da wani kayan aiki amfani da varroatosis ƙudan zuma mafi sau da yawa. Ana amfani da a cikin bazara, ko kaka a lokacin da babu wani brood a cikin iyalai. Domin lura da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne diluted 1 ml a 2 lita na ruwa dumi. A sakamakon haka ne Milky fari ruwa. Wannan bayani da aka kõma a cikin wani sirinji kuma shayar hive kudi na 10 ml da daya titi. Bayan kwanaki 7, da hanya da aka maimaita. Don kyakkyawan sakamako, da magani aka fi dacewa da za'ayi sau biyu - da zarar bayan da zuma girbi, a karo na biyu - kafin staging daga cikin iyalan domin hunturu.

"Bipin-T", umarnin don yin amfani da shi ne kamar haka sauki, ba amfani ga amya kasa da 3-4 tituna.

Na nufin "Apimaks": da yadda za a nema

Hakika, "Bipin-T" - ba kawai rare daga beekeepers magani. Yin rigakafi da magani varroatosis da kuma sauran cututtuka (msl, nosema, askosferoza, foulbrood) - wannan shi ne a kan abin da yake ma sau da yawa miyagun ƙwayoyi "Apimaks" aka mora. Bee umarnin don yin amfani da shi kamar haka:

• 0.1 l balm ya kamata a gauraye da 10 lita na sugar bayani (50%).

• sakamakon cakuda da aka bukatar sa a cikin na musamman feeders da kuma sa su a cikin wani hive.

American da kuma Turai foulbrood: Yanã kamuwa da cuta

Shi ne ma sosai na kowa cuta na ƙudan zuma. Kuma su magani, da kuma rigakafin da ake gudanar a kan wasu fasahar, san cewa wajibi kowane beekeeper. A causative wakili na American foulbrood ne bacteria Bacillus larvae, Turai - Melissococcus plutonius. Shawara farko pathogen iya zama aiki har shekaru da yawa. The matattu larvae, su ne, misali, zama da rai ga shekaru 30. A causative wakili na Turai foulbrood mutu sauri. Saboda haka, da tufafi beekeeper ya iya rayuwa babu fiye da 95 days. Adult kwari biyu daga cikin wadannan iri kwayoyin ba ya canzawa. Marasa lafiya American da Turai foulbrood kawai larvae.

Babban haddasawa kamuwa da cuta a cikin wannan yanayin ne:

• sata na ƙudan zuma.

• canja wurin spores kananan kwari.

• ciyar da gurbata zuma.

• aiki a cikin hive tare da datti hannuwanku.

Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Babban bayyanar cututtuka na Amirka, da kuma Turai foulbrood ne:

• gaban manyan lambobi na matattu larvae a cikin Kwayoyin.

• gaban wani m danko sosai cakuda a kasa daga cikin cell.

• duhun da kakin cappings da kuma bayyanar da ramuka a cikin su.

Gniltsovye kudan zuma cututtuka (da su magani, da kuma rigakafin - cajin hanya) za a iya bincikar lafiya ciki har da discolouration na larvae na integument.

magani

Rabu da mu da rududdugaggu da taimakon kwayoyi ba zai iya zama kawai. Gaskiyar cewa muhawara pathogens sunadarai ba su hallaka ba. Saboda haka, kawai disinfection na amya a tare da magani taimaka yadda ya kamata kayar wadannan cututtuka na ƙudan zuma. Kuma su magani, da kuma rigakafin, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya kamata sun hada da wadannan ayyukan:

• halittar yanayi hana sporulation.

• aiki yana nufin amya, lalata spores.

Kamar yadda wani magani domin lura da kudan zuma mazauna daga foulbrood ana amfani:

• sulfathiazole.

• norsulfazol.

• tetracycline.

• erythromycin.

Amfani da wadannan wajen iya a cikin wani nau'i na dakatar a cikin sugar syrup, foda ko al'ada bayani.

Disinfection amya kamu da foulbrood, yi tare da formaldehyde (4 ko 10%). A wannan yanayin, da karfe sassa ana sarrafa ta harshen. Clothes bayan ziyarar apiary beekeeper dole ne steamed for 30 min. A wannan hanyoyin yawanci aiki da kuma rigakafin foulbrood.

Sanadin kamuwa da cuta amya nosema

Wannan cuta ne ya fi kowa a kan apiaries, bayan da aka ba ma da duba bayan. Ana sa nosema ƙudan zuma, wanda magani ne da za'ayi da sauki fiye da foulbrood ko, misali, varroatosis bacteria Nosema APIs. Ta na zaune da na ninka da farko a cikin zuriyar dabbobi da lafiya ƙudan zuma. A Sanadin kamuwa da cuta ne yawanci hive nosema:

• zafi a ciki da hive.

• karancin pollen a cikin bazara.

• untested abinci.

Har ila yau, fararwa da cuta a cikin ƙudan zuma iya ruwa da kuma iska weather a cikin rani da kuma hunturu, kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zazzabi.

ãyõyi nosema

Latent nau'i na cutar furta cututtuka ne ba. A wannan yanayin, da iyali ne yawanci kawai kadan raunana, kuma sau da yawa ne ya cancanta ya maye gurbin ya zauna cikin mahaifa. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta a kan apiaries har yanzu ya gana da m form nosema. Bees a cikin wannan hali:

• Sun rasa ikon tashi.

• a cikin wani tsoro gudu a kan hive.

• fara da yawa a can.

• zawo.

Bayan wani lokaci bayan farko na wadannan alamu kwari suna kashe.

nosema magani

Don magance wannan cuta a cikin apiary:

• ciyar ƙudan zuma ba a sugar kullu laced tare da maganin rigakafi ga shi;

• sabunta yawan jama'ar, dagawa amya matasa banza.

Duk wadannan hanyoyin da ake a wani wajen gajeren lokaci zuwa rabu da iyali na wannan hatsari cututtuka kamar nosema ƙudan zuma. da magani ne mafi tasiri a lokacin da amfani da kwayoyin "fumagillin-B."

Dalilan askosferozom kamuwa da cuta

Wannan cuta sa da naman gwari a cikin hive Ascosphaera APIs. Ya buga a mafi larvae na drones a cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 4 days. Kamuwa faruwa ta hanyar da matsanancin integument. Larvae da Ya tsirar da naman gwari a jikin su rasa su elasticity, mutuwa da kuma bushe. Tsokane wannan fungal cuta iya:

• iyali rauni.

• tsawo sanyaya a high zafi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Ƙayyade abin da hive kamuwa da askosferozom iya a kan wadannan filaye:

• taro mortalities na larvae bayan na karshe moult.

• "Rattling" sauti shãfe haske sel (saboda bushe larvae).

Yadda za mu bi askosferoz

Taimako naman gwari kamuwa Ascosphaera APIs hive da kullum ta hanyar dressings kwaro sugar dauke da powdered shiri "nystatin". Za ka iya saya da shi ta ziyartar kusan duk wani kantin sayar da beekeeping. Shi ne kuma mai kyau da magani ga wannan cuta yana dauke Yarrow (foda tarwatsa a kan tituna).

cuta Rigakafin

Domin hana yaduwar wani kamuwa da cuta, da apiary, ba shakka, ya kamata farko bi da bukatun muhalli da kuma kiwon lafiya. Don wadanda sun hada da:

• daidai jeri na fi na apiary.

• ta lokaci-lokaci disinfection.

• kiwon lafiya ciyar.

Yadda za a sanya wani apiary daidai

Mafi na kowa kudan zuma cututtuka da kuma su bayyanar cututtuka, kuma su magani - wannan shi ne wani abu da wanda muka aikata a sama a cikin daki-daki. Amma, ba shakka, shi ne mafi alhẽri kokarin hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin apiary a duk, fiye da a yi kokarin kawar da shi. Kare ƙudan zuma daga cututtuka iya zama, ciki har da, da kuma zabar da hakkin wuri a cikin amya. Kafa iyali kamata farko rufe su zuma tarin, dauke da wani mai guba da sinadarai ko wasu abubuwa cutarwa ga kwari.

Radius Pasechnaya ƙasa ne yawanci 2-3 km. Wannan yanki, ban da wani arziki zuma tarin, ya kamata a halin da rashi na yiwu yaduwar cutar foci:

• manyan jikin ruwa.

• manyan hanyoyi.

• farmyards.

Tsafta Ciyar

A cikin hunturu, sa ga ƙudan zuma iznin 25-30 kg na zuma. Har ila yau a cikin hive ya kamata ba a wani adadin isa pollen. A lokacin rani zuwa ga ƙudan zuma ya kamata a tabbatar da sauki samun ruwa. Zuba shi ne yawanci a musamman sha bowls suna shigar kusa da hive.

disinfection

Wannan hanya da aka yi mafi sau da yawa a cikin fall, bayan da flyby. Hõre disinfect duk na karfe da katako aiwatarwa, ciki har da amya kansu. Na farko dukan abubuwa da za a bi, rub da suds. Karshe ta shirya ruwan ash bayani (1 hr. 2 hr. Ruwa). Don gudanar da rigakafin cututtuka a cikin apiary iya Bee ziyarci shagon da kuma saya formalin bayani (1%) ko aidin monochloride (1%). Amya, bayan wanka tare da ko dai na wadannan jamiái suna canjawa wuri zuwa tarmac. Inda suke bushe, sa'an nan a ci gaba zuwa ga ainihin magani kashe pathogens wajen.

Disinfection amya, karfe da katako aiwatarwa yawanci cakuda hydrogen peroxide (10%) kuma formic acid (0.5%). Sarrafa nufin cewa samar da sau biyu a kan jinkiri na 1 hr. Shiri na bayani sosai fesa tare da kayan aiki da kuma amya. Bayan 4 chasa duk bi da abubuwa wanke da ruwa.

Bugu da kari, don a hana yaduwar cututtuka a cikin apiary kaka zama dole don gudanar da wani disinfection da gona karkashin wadanda amya, a cikin abin da marasa lafiya da aka gani a lokacin rani ƙudan zuma. A wannan yanayin, a Bleach (38%) a cikin kudi na 5 kg 1 m square. The bi wannan yana nufin ƙasa ya kamata a dug ga zurfin 5 cm.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Saboda haka, muna da ake samu daga abin da sun fi na kowa cututtuka na ƙudan zuma. Kuma su magani da kuma rigakafin dole ne a da za'ayi a cewar wasu fasahohin. Kauda da kamuwa da cuta a cikin wani gidan kudan zuma yawanci ta biyu maganin rigakafi da kuma na sosai disinfection. Yana za a iya amfani da su wajen magance cututtuka da kuma kudan zuma jama'a magunguna. Duk da haka, ta yin amfani da irin wannan dabaru ya kamata m kawai a matsayin adjunct don magani yafi tasiri masana'antu shirye-shirye.