Birnin Leningrad, NPP: labarin. Ikon Birnin Leningrad, NPP

Wanda bai yankẽwa samar da wutar lantarki na duk ƙauyuka - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci manyan al'amurra na jama'a gwamnati. A wannan batun, kasarta na Rasha Federation tsare gina daban-daban tashoshin da cewa samar da wutar lantarki. Daya daga wadannan shine Birnin Leningrad, NPP. A tarihin na halitta da kuma ci gaban da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Yawon shakatawa da suka wuce

A ra'ayin na gina ikon shuka Dates baya ga tsakiyar shekarun 1960s. Afrilu 15, 1966 aka amince da shawarar, wanda ya tilasta wa ƙirƙirar aikin a kan tushen da wanda ransa a kan takarda fara Birnin Leningrad, NPP. Watanni biyar bayan duk da ake bukata takardun da aka shirya.

Kuma a watan Nuwamba, kwamitin ministoci soma wani yanke shawarar fara yi na farko tashar, da kuma gano duk tsarin siga da kuma aiki na ɓangare na uku da kamfanonin da su aiwatar da shirin a yi.

kwanciya kafuwar

Construction na tashar fara tare da digging daga cikin rami. ƙasa farko guga da aka dauke Yuli 6, 1976. Saboda haka, Leningrad nukiliya Power Plant, daya zai ce, farkon ya "rai." Don gudanar da wani aiki na manyan masana a cikin waldi aka shiga tsakani, Karfe erection, magina da sauran aikin injiniya kwararru.

Running na farko da na biyu raka'a

Disamba 23, 1973 musamman jihar hukumar ya za'ayi da yarda da farko ikon naúrar. A sakamakon da Leningrad nukiliya ikon shuka iya fara ta da cikakken aiki. A shekarar 1975 aka kaddamar da biyu naúrar, da kuma kafuwa fara da mataki na biyu na wani m makaman. Wadannan ayyukan fara May 10, 1975. Gina sabon damar da aka kasaftawa sau biyu kasa lokaci fiye da na farko.

A lokacin da zane na wannan hadadden sabon kimiyya aukuwa, ta ƙara sbornost kayayyaki da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi baya kuskure gabatar, wadda daga ƙarshe ta kai ga samuwar wani sabon layout na makamashin nukiliya raka'a a Birnin Leningrad, yankin. Har ila yau ya canja abun da ke ciki na da kuma tsarin Tsarin.

Features na gina wani sabon hadaddun

Godiya ga hujjõji hulda tsakanin daban-daban ayyuka da kuma kungiyoyi da aka bayar don inganta ingancin shigarwa ayyukan. A dandamali kai sabon bututun, waldi wanda bukatar kasa lokaci. Cranes kuma halartar maimaitawa. Alfarwansu canza da kuma daftarin-Teplyakov, inda ya zama zai yiwu a mataki na reactor taro saka a layi daya da juna da kuma sauran sassan da aka a baya a sufuri a girma, saboda abin da ya ciyar da tsada kwamfuta lokaci da kuma jinkirta duka tsari.

uku ikon

Fara yi na wannan hadadden kwanakin baya don na farko a watan Fabrairu 1977. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ginin da firam aka saka a cikin rikodin lokaci da aka kammala sosai da sauri. gudun yi ya 1560 ton a kowace wata. Wannan adadi ne kawai babban, har ma a zamaninmu.

Excellent sakamakon da aka ma lura a cikin babban reactor tsarin fili. A musamman, da fasaha tashoshi da kuma hanyoyi da ginin da aka gina a cikin kawai 78 kwana. A kwatanta da farko kura, da adadi shi ne 169 kwanaki, da kuma a karo na biyu - 118.

A sakamakon haka, Birnin Leningrad, NPP, wanda ya nuna da hotuna a cikin wannan labarin, da na uku block for biyu da rabi shekaru fiye da sauri.

hudu ikon

Neman gaba, za mu lura cewa lokaci na ta yi su ne mafi kadan a kwatanta da baya ", 'yan'uwa."

A farko watanni da aka kashe a hadewa Tsarin daga cikin reactor naúrar 4 a musamman taro shafukan th 1980. A lokacin da wannan shiri ya aiki kai kewaye samar da kayayyakin da aka samu kai tsaye a cikin reactor shaft. Mun yi amfani da reloading tara da a haɗe crane bim a cikin adadin guda biyu. Load damar kowane daga cikinsu ya game da 300 tons.

Deadlines kafin assemblers lissafta ga kawai watanni takwas. Yana sosai kadan, saboda kafin wannan aikin zai iya daukar har zuwa 29 watanni.

Ba tare da faruwa a cikin cikakken bayani game da dukan aikin, ga misali, cewa na hudu naúrar daga cikin reactor da aka gina a kan biyar da rabi watanni. Wannan yarda Disamba 26, 1980 yin wani jiki block farko, kuma a watan Fabrairu 1981, ya sa shi a karkashin bukata load.

Fasaha Manuniya tashar

A total damar da Leningrad yankin NPP lasafta quite sauƙi: kowane daga cikin hudu ikon jimloli na 1,000 MW na iko. Bugu da kari, za mu nuna da kuma kimanta shekara-shekara samar da lantarki da makamashi. Daidai ne a dubu 28 kWh. A tabbatarwa da al'ada kiwon lafiya ya ciyar daga 8 zuwa 8.5% na wutar lantarki.

damar tashar

Leningrad nukiliya ikon filin damar fitarwa na wani mains rabin adadin kuzari da ake bukata ga al'ada aiki a yankin. Idan muka yi magana na kankare Figures, da atomic makaman a farkon shekara ta 2012 ya sanya duk da iko-da samar da raka'a tsari na 846 biliyan kWh na wutar lantarki.

modernization

A watan Agusta shekara ta 2007, ya fara aiki a kan inganta da MSRs. Har ila yau maye gurbinsu da biyu musamman bawuloli a kan sallama layi na wurare dabam dabam farashinsa zubar a cikin reactor shop. Bayan kammala wadannan ayyukan Oktoba 1, 2007 naúrar ta fara cikakken aiki a sake.

The uku naúra tana kuma halartar wasu fasaha canje-canje a cikin shekara ta 2007. Ya biya kusa da hankali ga gaggawa sanyaya na reactor aka maye gurbinsu fasaha tashoshi, abin da kyakkyawan taimaka wajen tsawanta da rayuwa na da makaman ga shekara ashirin.

da batutuwa

Babu shakka wani hatsari a Birnin Leningrad, NPP - shi ne hadarin gaske musamman saboda yana iya kai ga babu ja sakamakon da jikkata daga cikin ma'aikatan da kuma mazauna yankin. Abin baƙin ciki, wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma a gare su shi ne daraja ambaton dabam.

Alal misali, a watan Janairu na shekarar 1974, akwai wani harin na hydrogen a cikin gas-mariƙin tashar. Tuni a kawai wata fara tafasa ruwa, wanda a cikin sa mai matukar hatsari ruwa guduma, suka hallakar da na tsaka-tsaki kewaye na farko block. A sakamakon - uku matattu, da kuma zuba na sosai, sosai cutarwa ruwa.

A rana ta karshe na watan Nuwamba shekarar 1975 halakar da (ko kuma wajen, narke) da man fetur tashar. Wannan hatsari ya kai ga saki wani rabin miliyan Ru (cakuda rediyoaktif abubuwa). Kwararru da yawa da kuma wannan rana an dauke da riga na wani hatsari na chernobyl masifa.

Maris 1992 - wani man fetur tashar wulakanci, amma a cikin na uku naúrar. A kan tushen da makaman nukiliya events na kasa da kasa sikelin a cikin lamarin an sanya da ci 2.

A Janairu 1996, an gano yayyo daga ajiya na ciyar nukiliya man fetur da lambar 428. Yana da aka partially cire.

May 20, 2004 na hudu naúrar aka tsaya saboda a saki na rediyoaktif tururi. Ya wannan gaggawa halin da ake ciki saboda mai haɗari latsa gaggawa button a cikin aiki dakin. Abin farin, babu mutane da aka ji masa rauni. Tururi girgije ne sama da sa'o'i biyu da aka motsi a cikin shugabanci na kauye Koporje.

Disamba 18, 2015 at game 14.00 daidaitawa da mutuncin bututu deaerator naúrar a cikin injin turbin shop. A tururi shiga cikin da fasaha gabatarwa. Wasu ma'aikata da aka aiko gida. A reactor aka tsaya da na biyu naúrar. Babu wanda ya ji rauni, kuma babu lalacewa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya tabbatar masana, da halin da ake ciki da aka ajiye da cewa iska da cewa ranar da aka busa a cikin shugabanci na Gulf of Finland.

yana da ban sha'awa

Birnin Leningrad, NPP, da adireshin wanda za a yanzu za a samu a daban-daban kafofin na bayanai ba tare da wani matsaloli, akwai: Rasha, Leningrad yankin, Sosnovy Bor. Bayan da commissioning Unit 4 a 1981, wannan dukiya bautar da uku matsayi a ikon, kawai dan kadan bayan da Bugey shuka a Faransa da kuma Japan Fukushima-1.

Birnin Leningrad, NPP, Sosnovy Bor ne gida zuwa wani wuri, shi yana nufin Open hadin gwiwa Stock Company "Rasha damuwa domin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma thermal makamashi a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke" Rosenergoatom tun 2002 ". Rubuta reactors shigar a kan tashar - ruwa-graphite tashar a kan thermal neutrons.