Bit - a naúrar na bayanai

Bit - shi ne da wani ma'auni na adadin bayanai. Klod Shennon samarwa don amfani da bit lokaci a 1948 to koma zuwa wani sashi ne na bayani. Yanzu za mu tattauna da tarihi da kuma abun ciki na ra'ayi a mafi daki-daki.

Mẽne ne

Idan muka yi magana game da yadda za a fassara kalmar "bit", abin da yake wannan ra'ayi, kuma abin da suke ta asalin, dole ne mu ce cewa Turanci magana binary lambobi, daga abin da ya samo asali da ajalinsu ya zo daga Turanci da kuma na nufin wani binary lambar. Bugu da kari, akwai ta'allaka a wasu kalmar game. Bit - wani yanki ko barbashi.

Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa daya bit a cikin binary code iya dauka kawai biyu dabi'u, wanda suna da tarayyar m: a / babu, 1/0, mun samu wani definition. Saboda haka, bit - shi ne yawan bayanai da ta sa shi yiwuwa a fili amsa tambaya shirya kai tsarin. A lantarki, daya bit yayi dace da daya binary jefa-Flop wanda yana da biyu barga jihohi.

jinsunan

Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa daya bit - a naúrar daidaita guda lambobi a binary lambar tsarin. 2 yiwu jiki aiwatar da guda binary lambobi. Alternating Bit shafi yin amfani da daya fitarwa na binary sakata, cikinsa da sifili matakin na iya nufin wata alama "0", da kuma zai yiwu Laifi kewaye.

Bi da bi, babban matakin ne alhakin siginar "1" da kuma cikakken serviceability na kewaye. Biphase ragowa ya shafi yin amfani da biyu a binary sakata jimloli. A cikin hali na wani aiki kewaye daya daga biyu matakan high, na biyu - Low. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban matakin duka biyu conductors, kuma ma low duka biyu wayoyi nuna Laifi kewaye.

canja wurin bayanai

Idan muka magana game da kwamfuta kimiyya, kazalika da hanyoyin sadarwa na watsa bayanai, a can ne yawanci dabi'u na sifili da daya wuce ta hanyar daban-daban matakan ƙarfin lantarki ko na yanzu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin filin na fasahar kwamfuta, musamman a lokacin da ta je matsayin da takardun, da kalmar "bit" da aka yi amfani da sau da yawa a gabar "binary lambobi". Sha'awa, da akwatin tilbijin na analog na ragowa ga jimla kwakwalwa zama qubit (q-ragowa).

byte

A sa na data a cikin kwamfuta, kunsha na 8 ragowa, ya kira wani byte. Wannan 8-bit misali samar da tushen ga wasu haruffa, msl harafin "A". Har ila yau, wannan darajar ba ka damar aiki tare da binary ilmin lissafi. A wasu kalmomin, wata byte umarni ne ragowa ga daidai abu a wani takamaiman fayil.

A wannan yanayin, kowane daga cikin byte yana da wani musamman adireshin a cikin PC memory. Ragowa da bytes sun lambobi 0-7 da kuma suna dauke da hakkin ya bar. Alal misali, idan muka yi amfani da bit lamba 76543210, da darajar ne 01000001, da kuma bayar da printer bayanai code za a generated saba harafin "A".

Ya kamata a jaddada cewa yawan ragowa kunshe a guda byte ne m. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin da tawagar jũya zuwa byte, shi ne na sirri kwamfuta cak, kuma idan yawan ragowa ne ko da a hada, da tsarin rahoton wani kuskure. Amma parity kuskure, shi za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar wani hardware gazawar ko zama wani bazuwar sabon abu, amma wannan ya faru sosai da wuya.

Lokacin da sarrafa bayanan a cikin wani sirri kwamfuta ta hanyar lantarki da yawa lantarki hasken dake fitowa. Irin wannan haihuwarka kunshi musamman conductors, da kuma dabaru ƙõfõfi, don haka ya kira lantarki microdevices. A daidai wannan hasken dake fitowa ta cewa wuce ta ƙofofin, iya "Ya bice". Godiya ga wannan data da aka sarrafa. A ƙarshe, sake tuna cewa bit - shi ne, a sama da dukan, wani kankanin bit na bayanai, wanda za mu koyi kadan ya fi.