Kamar yadda kwamfuta fasahar ya samo asali

Akayi na ci gaba da kwamfuta fasaha za a iya raba kwãnuka shida, tare da sifilin a kan biyar tsara. Kowace daga cikinsu ya hada da daya ko wani mataki a cikin ci gaban gine-gine da kuma kwamfuta ayyuka. 'Yan mutane san cewa na farko da kwamfuta fasaha ya bayyana a cikin karni na sha shida. Blaise Pascal ƙirƙira inji kwamfuta iya yi kawai cikin ayyukan Bugu da kari kuma subtraction, amma shi kunshi kawai na inji abubuwa, giya da manual drive. A kadan daga baya da shi da aka kirkiro (ga karnuka uku) to daban-daban gyare-gyare, wanda zai iya samar da multiplication, division, da kuma ajiye tsaka-tsaki da sakamakon, amma a general kwamfuta fasahar na lokaci bai yi tartsatsi shahararsa da kuma ya ba ci gaba fiye da matakin da wani zamani aljihu kalkuleta. Wannan zamani ne ake kira da sifili tsara.

A ƙarni na farko

Development of kwamfuta fasahar haura tudu a farkon yakin duniya na biyu. Wannan ya da farko saboda soja bukatun, kamar yadda German submarines nutse haka da yawa Birtaniya jiragen ruwa aika wa juna da kuma zuwa banki masu lamba rediyo. Kuma ko da kasancewa iya outbid rufewar na'urar (daure), Birtaniya gane cewa dikodi mai na rediyo ya zama kusan instantaneous, wanda ke nufin cewa kana bukatar ka da sauri nuna babban adadin lissãfi. A lokacin wannan lokaci bayyana da farko lantarki kwamfuta na Colossus, wanda, duk da haka, ya kasance da wani soja m for kan talatin da shekaru.

A rarrabe da farko kwakwalwa dangane da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su da tsarin tube processor da binary code dauki ( "sifili-lokaci", wanda sun zama takwarorinsu na jawo ayyuka "gaskiya-karya"), wanda shi ne mai babbar mataki a gaba.

biyu ƙarni

A 1956, likita ya ƙirƙira farko transistor, wanda ya iya ba kawai maye gurbin fitilar kewaye rabu amfani kwakwalwa, amma kuma yin shi sau goma karami da kuma karami! Shi ne a cikin wannan tarihi lokaci sun ta farko kwakwalwa, wanda a wannan rana, an kira supercomputers, kuma an yi amfani da daban-daban lantarki archives, dakunan karatu da kuma manyan tunani tanki.

tsara ta uku

Daga wannan lokacin a kan fasahar kwamfuta ya samo asali sosai hanzari. Shekaru goma daga baya, da filin da samar da farko transistor kwamfuta da aka ƙirƙira shi, ya tara da kunshe a cikin ta farko Hadakar kewaye samar da kwakwalwa, wanda a yarda da farko kwamfuta masana'antun yi tunani game da yadda za a fara yin gida inji mai kwakwalwa.

tsara ta huɗu,

Hadakar haihuwarka an inganta ta karshen karni na ashirin, akwai riga more daidai to kira kwakwalwan kwamfuta saboda da aras yawan transistors (har zuwa miliyoyin!) Dõmin sun iya saukar da. VLSI - cewa abin da wannan rana tsaye da gidan, kowane a cikin nau'i na sirri kwakwalwa. A gaskiya ma, a kan wannan da kuma kammala da ci gaban kwakwalwa, da kuma kwakwalwa an ba da aka rage girmanta more, amma bai kawo karshen ta kammala.

Biyar ƙarni (ganuwa kwakwalwa)

Shi ne wannan ƙarni na kwakwalwa, za mu iya ganin misali daga Allunan, e-littattafai da sauran hannu kwakwalwa. Suna asali ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin wata hanya ta yin kwamfutarka a matsayin m da kuma dace, amma ba kamar yadda tartsatsi kamar yadda talakawa, tsit inji mai kwakwalwa ko kwamfyutocin. Amma da suka daidaitu shagaltar da kansa alkuki a kasuwar kuma da tabbaci rike da su da iyaka shahararsa shekaru da dama.