Chordates - dabbobi ne halin da wani hadadden tsarin da kuma iri-iri da

Tsirkiya - shi ne mafi sosai shirya Adam daga dukkan mambobi na dabba mulkin. A halayyar fasali na tsarin yarda su zama da pinnacle juyin halitta.

ãyõyin chordates

Babban fasali na wadannan dabbobi ne gaban tsirkiya, na tsarin jijiya tube da kuma gill slits a pharynx. Chordates - ne kwayoyin da suka jera ãyõyi iya muhimmanci modified.

Saboda haka, kwarangwal iya zama m kuma na ciki. A ci gaba da chordates a ontogenesis za a iya halin da gaskiya cewa gill slits overgrown har yanzu a cikin tayi ci gaban kwayoyin. A lokaci guda suna tasowa sauran numfashi tsarin - iska sacs ko huhu.

axial kwarangwal

Babban halayyar chordates - shi ne gaban tsirkiya. Yana da wani ciki axial kwarangwal, wanda shi ne a cikin nau'i na dukan igiyar wuce ta wurin dukan jiki. A tsawon rayuwar da tsirkiya ba yawa wakilan da irin wannan. Wadannan sun hada da daban-daban na Amphioxus, wakiltar aji Golovohordovye subtype kwaro.

A wasu wakilan da notochord tasowa a cikin wani kwarangwal. Kawai a cikin 'yan da shi da aka yi sama da guringuntsi. Bony kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa sun gaba daya ossified kwarangwal. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta shi ne rikitarwa. Yana da wani ɓangare na kwanyar, kashin baya, kirji, kugu da kuma dama babba da ƙananan wata gabar jiki.

Gill slits a makogwaro

Chordates - ne dabbobi wadanda numfashi gabobin suna kafa a matsayin outgrowth na pharynx. Wannan shi ne su Babban bambancin daga kwaro. A wannan kungiya, suna samu daga reshe.

Hakika, da sifofin ba duk chordates. Gill slits aka adana a Amphioxus da cartilaginous kifi: sharks da kuma haskoki. A dabbobi, wanda aka saba da numfashi na yanayi oxygen, a farkon matakai na amfrayo ci gaba, suka zama overgrown. Bayan kafa huhu.

Features na juyayi tsarin

A tsarin samar da musayar tare da kiyaye muhalli, a chordates farko kafa a kan irin na na tsarin jijiya tube. Yana yana ectodermal asalin.

Chordates - sosai samo asali dabbobi ne sun fi mayar saboda da peculiarities na tsarin da juyayi tsarin. Alal misali, a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa shi ne ya wakilci da laka, wanda aka located a cikin kashin baya canal, kazalika da kai. Su wani bangare ne na tsakiya m tsarin. Kwakwalwa na kare, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar, wanda aka fixedly alaka. Ya aka bambanta kashi kashi bisa aiki. Anatomically ta hanyar bude kafa ta vertebrae, kwakwalwa na da alaka da laka. Gefe tsarin samar da wani ɓangare na baya - da kuma girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Suna aiki ne kamar "kai hanya", hada hadaddun kwayoyin a cikin guda dukan da kuma hadakan aiki.

A tsarin da juyayi tsarin shigar da hadaddun hali na chordates, da samuwar sharadi reflexes da kuma bayyana shirin da Ilhamin hali.

A iri-iri na chordates

Wannan irin hada da uku subtypes: bescherepnyh, Lichinochnohordovye (tunicate) da kuma girman kwanyar (vertabrate).

A farko daga cikinsu yana nufin kawai 30 jinsunan da ke faruwa a zamaninmu. Wakilainsu ne Amphioxus. Wadannan dabbobi kama m kayan kira a Lancet.

A jikin wadannan kananan dabbobi ne kusan ko da yaushe rabin a cikin yashi. Kamar wancan Amphioxus sauki don tace ruwa, hadiya abinci barbashi.

A mafi yawan subtype na chordates ne vertabrate. Sun ƙware kome, mazauninsu, abinci, sarƙoƙi da cika muhalli maharibai.

Ruwa mazaunan ne kifi. Su streamlined jiki rufe da Sikeli, suna saba da gill numfashi, motsi ta hanyar fins.

Na farko saki a cikin ƙasar ne halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Yana kwaɗi, toads, newts, tsutsotsi kuma ichthyophiidae. Su kowa sunan zo daga gaskiyar cewa sun rayu a cikin ƙasa da numfashi ta hanyar huhu da fata, amma aiwatar da haifuwa daukan wuri a cikin ruwa. Kamar kifi, mãtan spawn su qwai a cikin ruwa, wanda aka zuba kan namiji da maniyyi.

Yawanci terrestrial dabbobi - yana da creepy. Kadangaru, macizai, kunkuru da kuma crocodiles da za'ayi a cikin ruwa kawai a lokacin farauta. Su haifa qwai cewa sa a musamman mafaka a ƙasar. Su fata ne bushe, ya rufe tare da m Sikeli.

A karshen fasalin gada daga dabbobi masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye. Neoperennaya wani ɓangare na da kafafu da aka kira wani bobbin. Ita ce ta, kuma an rufe shi da kananan ma'auni. Wannan hujja, masana kimiyya suna dauke a matsayin hujja da asalin tsarin juyin halitta. Tsuntsaye ne iya tashi godiya ga abubuwa da yawa na waje da kuma na ciki tsarin. Wannan modified forelimbs, gashinsa, hur kwarangwal, da gaban da keel - lebur ƙasũsuwa, wanda aka haɗe zuwa tsokoki, sakamakon yunkuri na fuka-fuki.

A karshe, Animals ko Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da kambi na juyin halitta. Su viviparous da kuma ciyar da 'yan maruƙa madara.

Chordates - mafi complexly, bambancin a tsarin, taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayi da mutum rayuwa.