Colombian Shugaba (Juan Manuel Santos) - lashe 2016 Nobel Peace Prize

A shekarar 2016, shugaban kasar na Colombia lashe lambobin yabo a dukan duniya. Wannan shi ne saboda aikinsa na kawo karshen yakin basasa a kasar, wanda dade fiye da shekaru hamsin. Nobel Peace Prize aka sanar a cikin fall.

Janar bayani game da kasar

A kasar da aka located a kudancin Amurka, a arewa maso yammacin part. An sani cewa mutane na farko zauna a kasar a cikin karni na sha biyar BC. Waɗannan su ne kabilan mafarauci-gayya.

A farkon zamanin mu Indiyawan zauna a nan. Daga karni na sha shida ya fara mulkin mallaka a nahiyar ta Spain. Tsara lokacin mulkin mallaka dade har 1818, lokacin da Simon Bolivar sanar da 'yancin kai na Great Colombia.

gwamnatin da aka kafa a karkashin sunan New Granada. Yana wanzu har 1886, yayin da Colombian shugaba Rafael Moledo ba sa hannu cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. The daftarin aiki gyarawa da Karkasa management da kuma kasar da aka sake masa suna cikin Jamhuriyar Colombia.

zamani Jihar

Yau kasar da ake kira Jamhuriyar Colombia. An sau da yawa ake kira "Gateway ga Kudancin Amirka" saboda ta bakin tekun an wanke ta da tekun Pacific da kuma Caribbean Sea. A babban birnin Bogota. Yana gida fiye da goma sha mutane miliyan, ciki har da shugaban kasar Colombiya.

Tun shekarar 1964 a kasar akwai wani yakin basasa. Akwai sun kasance yawa soja kungiyoyin cewa yi yaki tare da na aikin hukuma domin su ideas. Yau, wani ɓangare na sojojin suka daina wanzuwa, amma akwai wadanda suke tsakanin wani yaki.

A tsarin siyasa

Shugaban kasa, kazalika da gwamnatin, shi ne shugaban kasa na Colombia. Ya kuma an zabe na tsawon shekaru hudu, sabunta a karo na biyu.

The gwamnatin kunshi wani bicameral majalisar (Congress):

• Majalisar Dattijan - shi kunshi 102 sanatocin, zabe na tsawon shekaru hudu.
• Majalisar Wakilai - ya hada da 166 wakilai,, da jama'a su ka zaba su na tsawon shekaru hudu.

Shugaban Jamhuriyar

A lokacin ta zama jihar iko a jam'i na shugabannin. Shugabannin Colombia (jerin kunshi fiye da hamsin wakilan) sukan yi mulki da dama sharuddan, amma ba a jere, amma bayan wani lokaci.

List of shugabannin tsaye shugaban kasa fiye da sau daya:

• Rafael Nunez.
• Miguel Antonio.
• Rafael Reyes Prieto.
• Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo.
• Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
• Alberto Camargo.
• Guillermo Leon Valencia.
• Misael Pastrana Borrero.
• Alfonso Lopez Michelsen.
• Julio Cesar Ayala.
• Ernesto Samper.
• Juan Manuel Santos.

Wane ne shugaban farko na Colombia? Kirgawa daga farkon na shela da jamhuriyar, shugaban gudanar da Rafael Nunez. Wannan shi ne ra'ayin mazan jiya siyasa, 'yar jarida, lauya da kuma marubuci. Ya aka sani na zama marubucin daga cikin kalmomi da take kasar ta Colombia.

Nunez aka haife 25.09.1825 shekara a Colombia. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gundumar hukunci a Panama, a 1848, ya kafa kansa jarida da kuma tafiyar da harkokin siyasa aiki. Ya gudanar da wani iri-iri na wurare da kuma posts, ya ministan kudi, jami'in diflomasiyyar, jakadan a Liverpool.

Nunez halarci zaben yi yãƙi, a 1878, amma bai ci nasara. ya dauki shugabancin a 1880. A lokacin da ya kofi ne babban fitarwa kayayyakin na kasar, ya maye gurbin taba, wanda ya rasa da shahararsa a Turai saboda matalauta quality.

A karo na biyu Rodrigo Moledo ya zama shugaban kasa a 1884. Shi ya rubuta a yawan kayayyakin da aka alaka da tsarin mulki garambawul. Bayan ya aka sake zabe biyu mafi sau: a 1887 da kuma 1892. Nunez mutu 09.18.1894 shekara.

Yau shugaban kasar na Jihar

Juan Manuel Santos da aka haife 10.08.1951 shekara a Bogota. Iyalinsa ne da hannu a siyasa fiye da daya tsara. Sai kakana ta ɗan'uwansa kuwa a shugaban Colombia a cikin farkon rabin karni na ashirin. Ya Edward Santos, ya kafa, kuma ya zama editan daga cikin shahararrun jarida. Cousin yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa a karkashin Uribe.

Juan Manuel Santos karatu a Jami'ar Kansas, kuma a shekarar 1973 ya zama} aramin tattalin arziki. Bayan shekaru biyu da ya bayar da wata digiri a London School of Economics. A shekarar 1981 ya sauke karatu daga digiri a gwamnatin Kennedy School, wanda ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Harvard.

Lokacin da yake rayuwa, Santos an yi aure sau biyu. Da farko abõkinsa ya darektan da kuma gabatar da talabijin Sylvia Amaya Londoño. Suka zauna tare daga shekarar 1987 zuwa 1989. The biyu zabi wani m zanen Maria Rodriguez Muner. A aure su da 'ya'ya biyu (Martin da Esteban) da kuma' yar Maria Antonia.

Siyasa sana'a:

• Ministan harkokin ciniki.
• Ministan kudi.
• Ministan tsaron kasar.

Tun 2010, Santos ya fara yaki ga shugaban kasa, zama dan takarar shugaban kasa. A zagaye na farko na da babban dan takara ya Antanas Mockus. To lashe, Santos ba da hudu cikin dari na kuri'un da - ya samu 46.5%. A zagaye na biyu, 69,06% na masu jefa kuri'a suka kada kuri'ar yanzu shugaban kasa.

A 2014 ya aka sake zabe a karo na biyu. Ya za su tsaya a kai na jiha har 2018.

A shekara ta 2016, shugaban ya iya dakatar da yakin basasa, wanda dade daga shekarar 1991. Ya sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da babban yaƙin kungiyar. Amma da yawa imani duniya ne sosai mawuyacin halin. Nawa shi zai šauki, babu wanda ya san.

Shugaban aka bayar zuwa mafi girma har a gaba. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa zai yi duk mai yiwuwa don kiyaye zaman lafiya a kasar.