Construction na Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka a Iran

Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka - na farko da kawai zuwa ranar da rana da atomic ikon tashar a Iran da kuma dukan yankin gabas ta tsakiya, wanda aka located kusa da birnin Bushehr. Da aikin da ya sa a yawan koke ga Iran daga sauran jihohi, amma a wannan lokacin nukiliya ikon shuka aikin da aka samu nasarar kammala da ikon shuka kanta izini.

Tarihi na halitta

Foundation for nan gaba nukiliya ikon shuka da aka gina a shekarar 1975, amma bayan wani lokaci da shiri na Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka da aka daskarewa. Kawai bayan shekara arba'in da shida, shi ya ci gaba.

The kwangila a kan yi aka sanya hannu tsakanin Iran da kuma Jamus daya daga cikin ofisoshin da kamfani Siemens. Duk da haka, bayan gabatarwar da mahukuntan Amurka na takunkumi a kan Iran, yammacin Jamus cikakken goyon kawayenta da kuma sauri ya juya dukkan fara aiki a kan gina tashar.

Bayan shiga cikin yarjejeniya a kan hadin kai da kuma yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya na zaman lafiya dalilai tsakanin Rasha Federation da kuma Iran a shekarar 1992, domin gina aikin Kanmu ta Rasha ta kwararru. Iran kwangila tare da goyon bayan Rasha da masana kimiyya da sosai m shigarwa kwararru a yarda a shirya tashar da za a kaddamar a 2007. A lokaci guda tsakanin wani sabon yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu da kasashen biyu, wannan lokaci, na tsawon lokaci samar da man fetur ga nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a cikin Novosibirsk. Duk da haka, saboda da ƙaddamar da Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka tattalin arziki da siyasa da matsaloli da shi aka sake dage.

A karshe, a shekarar 2009, da makaman nukiliya ikon shuka da aka tsĩrar da ɗora Kwatancen tare da zama dole adadin man fetur da kuma reactor fara duba lafiyar aiki.

Da ƙaddamar da Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka

Bayan m gwaje-gwaje a cikin marigayi rani na shekara ta 2012 ya zo da karshe mataki na nukiliya ikon shuka commissioning. Sai reactor da aka sa a 100% ikon aikin yabo. Amma a farkon na aikin tashar ba tare da ta laifinsu:

• watanni uku bayan da farkon NPP aka dakatar da wani hit ga reactor famfo sassa.
• hatsari a watan Fabrairu 2013 tsaya da aiki na reactor saboda wani laifi a cikin janareta injin turbin, amma da Yuni na Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka ya sarrafa sake.

Ma'ana NPP

Bisa ga statistics na 2006, Iran ya cinye quite mai yawa da wutar lantarki - 136,2 biliyan kW / h, yayin da yake samara 170 biliyan kilowatt / hour ..

Mafi yawa daga cikin samar da makamashi a Iran (93%) da aka kwashe ikon shuka yanã gudãna a kan gas da kuma man fetur kayayyakin. Sauran 7% - ne da rabo daga hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke. Wasu hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki (madadin) kamar yadda na 2006 a kasar sun fakowa ba.

Saboda rashin iya aiki domin sarrafa man fetur da kayayyakin zuwa Iran yana a shigo da bata makamashi a manyan kundin. Musamman m wannan matsalar ya, a 2007, lokacin da saboda rashin iya aiki a kasar ko da ya gabatar da wani laifi a kan samar da fetur zuwa mutane. Don kwanan wata, gwamnatin jihar ta ɓullo da wani shirin kara samar da wutar lantarki, don haka gabatarwar ga aikin da dama nukiliya ikon raka'a zai taimaka wajen magance karancin ikon matsala da zarar kuma domin dukan.

Masu bayar da shawarwarin da abokan adawar na nukiliya ikon shuka yi

A kan yi da kuma kaddamar da makaman nukiliya reactor baya amsa da protrude nisa Isra'ila da Amurka. Babban da'awar da gwamnatocin wadannan kasashe shi ne cewa Iran ba duka mãsu gaskiya dangane da duniyar al'umma kuma tana son yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya domin soja dalilai. A musamman, domin gabatarwar makaman nukiliya a cikin tsaron kansu na jihar.

Zato ya tashi daga gaskiya cewa Iran ne a farkon na yi aka ba da hannu a cikin duniya Yarjejeniyar Nukiliya Safety. A dangane da wadannan da'awar har zuwa 2000 'yan jarida sau da yawa tada batun na wani yiwu soja aiki da Iran, Amurka sojojin.

Na biyu ikon naúrar

Tare da yi na Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka Rasha ya tabbatar da kanta a matsayin alhakin dan kwangila da mai yawa high-matakin horo na kwararru, da suka samu nasarar amfani a Yammacin kayan aiki sayi karkashin wani kasa 1975 shiri.

Gasa a cikin makamashin nukiliya kasuwar Rasha lashe godiya ga high tattalin arziki dalilai, lafiya da kuma AMINCI fasaha mafita da kuma damar da za su yi aiki a kan bashi. Wadannan su ne manyan dalilan da ya sa al'ummar Iran wajen ci gaba da aiki tare da Rasha a kan yi zamani na biyu naúrar da shuka.

Nuwamba 2014 ga hannu kan wannan yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashen a kan yi na biyu reactor line. A cewar shugaban na Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Ali Akbar Salehi, sabon reactor zai ba da damar jihar ajiye game da 11 ganga na man fetur a kowace shekara. Domin na biyu nukiliya naúrar ya masomin a watan Satumba shekara ta 2016.

yau da rana

Construction na Bushehr NPP-2 a Iran a yau ne a wani mataki na ci gaba da amincewa da duk dole takardun ga aikin. More kwanan nan - Satumba 10, 2016 - Construction ya kai wani sabon mataki. Cewa wannan rana, godiya ga hadin gwiwa na kasashen biyu suka aza harsashin ginin a karo na biyu naúrar na Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka. Hotuna daga taron da ya yada a duk faɗin duniya. "Rosatom" ya riga ya yi kanta wajen samar da wannan aikin, kazalika da uku naúrar da shuka. Gamawa kwanan raya aikin takardun - farkon lokacin rani 2019. ci gaban halin kaka 1,78 biliyan rubles.

Reactors shigar a karo na biyu da kuma na uku naúrar da shuka dole a bi duk halin yanzu aminci da bukatun. Saboda haka, designers sun ɓullo da wani zamani high-tech shuke-shuke, wanda la'akari da tara duniya developer kwarewa. Bisa ga aikin za a aiwatar a kan shekaru goma na yanzu takardun. A farko jefa da gabatarwar da Bushehr nukiliya ikon shuka-2 da za a gudanar a cikin kaka 2024, da kuma gwaji da kuma commissioning na Bushehr-3 da aka shirya domin spring na 2026.

muhimmanci facts

Makamashin nukiliya a yau damar kowace ƙasa ba ya dogara ne a kan gas da kuma man fetur. Shuka ba zai ƙazantar da yanayi, low man fetur amfani da haka suna da wani babban iya aiki. Babban hasara na duk nukiliya ikon tsire-tsire ne da tsanani sakamakon da hatsarori, ko da a da low yiwuwa.

Bugu da kari, makamashin nukiliya yau samar da kowace ƙasa a cikin ikon tsarin AMINCI, da kuma makaman nukiliya ikon tsara - mafi tsabtace muhalli nau'i na ikon tsara bayan madadin kafofin yin amfani da iska makamashi kamar yadda man fetur, da rana, da sauransu. Production da wutar lantarki ta amfani da makamashin nukiliya da tsada, kyale kowace ƙasa don sayar da kayayyakin da kyau kwarai amfanin. Bugu da kari, ikon ba da damar kowace ƙasa ajiye hannun jari na albarkatun kamar methane, man fetur da kuma sauransu.

Amma ga Bushehr Aer, da kafuwarta na uku block na kafuwar ya kamata a gane ta 2018, da kuma tsawon lokaci ayyukan unsa da shiri na takwas raka'a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke.