Da dabara na benzene: wanda wani zaɓi ne daidai kuskure?

Aromatic hydrocarbons da cyclic tsarin. A farko wakilin wannan jerin - benzene (C ₆ H _6). A dabara da ta nuna da tsarin al'amari, na farko samarwa da sunadarai Kekule a 1865. Bisa ga labarai na masanin kimiyya, ya dogon tunani da asiri na benzene. Daya dare ya yi wani cizon maciji da kansa wutsiya. A safiyar tsarin dabara na benzene an riga an kõma sama. Shi ne mai zobe na 6 carbon atoms. Uku daga cikinsu sun kasance a cikin biyu bond.

A tsarin da benzene

Carbon a cikin aromatic hydrocarbons Forms yau da kullum heksagon. Wani lokacin idan rikodin da halayen da lissafai dace ta elongated a tsaye shugabanci. Wannan rukuni na kwayoyin halitta na da musamman sunan - da benzene zobe. Tabbatarwa da cyclic tsarin benzene ne ta samu na uku kwayoyin na acetylene - unsaturated hydrocarbon ciwon sau uku bond. Aromatic hydrocarbons ne ma unsaturated da kuma nuna wasu kaddarorin halayyar alkenes. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin benzene zobe da uku dashes, yanã gudãna a layi daya zuwa ga fuskokin, ka lura da kasancewar wani biyu bond. Irin wannan benzene dabara ba da cikakken daidai da jihar na carbon atoms a cikin kwayoyin.

Benzene: A dabara da ta nuna ainihin tsarin

A gaskiya, da connection tsakanin carbon a zobe ne daidai da juna. Daga cikin su, shi ba zai yiwu ware guda da kuma biyu. Irin wannan fasalin da aka bayyana ta da electron tsarin na benzene, cikinsa da carbon tsakiya ne a sp ² -gibridizovannom jihar haɗa zuwa kasashe makwabtanta, a cikin zobe, da uku al'ada hydrogen guda shaidu. A wannan yanayin a heksagon, wanda suke a cikin wannan jirgin sama 6 carbon kwayoyin zarra da 6 - hydrogen. Kawai electron girgije hudu na p-electrons ba su da hannu a cikin hybridization, shirya daban. Su siffar kama da dumbbell, da cibiyar da dama a kan zobe jirgin sama. A thickened sassa su ne a saman da kasa. A wannan yanayin, a kan benzene tsakiya da kuma ƙasan akwai biyu electron yawa ci karo a p-overlapping electron girgije. Akwai janar sinadaran bond zuwa carbon a zobe.

Properties na benzene zobe

Saboda jimlar electron yawa rage tazarar dake tsakanin carbon a zobe. Su ne daidai 0,14 nm. Idan a cikin benzene tsakiya wanzu guda da kuma biyu shaidu, shi zai zama mudu biyu: 0,134 da 0,154 nm. A gaskiya tsarin benzene dabara dole ba dauke da guda da kuma biyu shaidu. Saboda haka, aromatic hydrocarbons ake unsaturated gudanar da mahadi kawai ƙa'ida. By abun da ke ciki sun yi kama da alkenes, amma na iya tafiyar da canzawa dauki, wanda shi ne halayyar da cikakken hydrocarbons. Aromatic benzene tsakiya mallaka babba da zaman lafiya a oxidants. Duk wadannan siffofin ba da damar mu yi la'akari da zobe musamman irin na sadarwa - ba wani biyu da guda.

Yadda za a nuna da benzene dabara?

A daidai dabara ne benzene uku biyu shaidu kamar yadda a Kekule, amma a cikin wani nau'i na heksagon da wani da'irar ciki. Yana alama ce da na kowa ainihi 6 electrons.

An tabbatar da tsarin fasali a cikin kaddarorin da abu. da benzene zobe ne barga, yana da muhimmanci samar da makamashi hada guda biyu. A Properties na farko wakilin aromatic hydrocarbons faruwa a homologues. Kowace daga cikinsu za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai wanda aka samu a cikin abin da hydrogen canzawa a kan daban-daban hydrocarbon radicals.