Daily zazzabi Jupiter

Jupiter - daya daga cikin biyar taurari da hasken rana tsarin, wanda za a iya gani a cikin dare sama ba tare da wani Tantancewar kida. Har yanzu sani ba ta size, da tsoho ilmin Taurari sun sanya shi cikin sunan m Roman abin bautãwa.

Meet Jupiter!

A sarari suKe na Jupiter daga Sun at 778 miliyan km. A shekara akwai yana 11,86 Duniya shekaru. Complete juyawa a kusa da axis aikin duniyar tamu kawai 9 hours kuma 55 minutes, kuma a daban-daban latitudes juyawa gudun dabam, kuma kusan perpendicular zuwa sararin samaniya jirgin sama na axis, inda yanayi canje-canje ba faruwa.

Jupiter surface zazzabi - 133 digiri centigrade (140 K). Radius mafi girma daga 11, da kuma taro 317 sau mafi girma daga radius da taro na duniya. Yawa (1.3 g / cm ³⁾ daga jinsin da rãnã da yawa ne muhimmanci kasa fiye da da yawa daga cikin duniya. Nauyi Jupiter 2,54 sau, yayin da Magnetic filin ne sau 12 fiye da guda sigogi na duniya. Rana zafi a kan Jupiter ne ba daban-daban daga dare. Wannan shi ne saboda da manyan nesa daga Sun kuma iko matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin hanjinsu na duniya.

A zamanin Tantancewar nazarin na biyar duniya gano a 1610 da Galileo. Shi ya gano mafi m da hudu da tauraron dan adam na Jupiter. Yau mun sani na 67 basamaniyai, 'yan planetary giant tsarin.

tarihi bincike

Har 1970s, da duniyar karatu da ƙasa, sa'an nan da orbital dukiya a gani, kuma rediyo - da kuma gamma jeri. Jupiter ta zazzabi da aka farko auna a shekarar 1923 da wasu gungun masana kimiyya daga Louelovskoy Observatory (Flagstaff, United States). Amfani da wani injin thermocouple, da masu bincike ya gano cewa duniya ne "shakka mai sanyi jiki." Photoelectric lura rufe Jupiter, da taurari da kuma spectroscopic analysis kai ga ƙarshe game da abun da ke ciki na ta yanayin.

M flights interplanetary kumbon sama jannati mai ladabi da kuma ƙwarai kumbura da tara bayanai. Unmanned manufa "Majagaba 10; 11" a 1973-1974. farko duniyar tamu canjawa wuri hotuna a kusa da iyaka (34 dubu km.), data game da tsarin da yanayi, da kuma wani Magnetic radiation bel. Vehicles "Voyager" (1979), "Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) da kuma "New sãsanni" (2007) ya yi inganta ma'aunai na Jupiter ta sigogi da kuma ta duniyar tsarin, da kuma "Galileo" (1995-2003 gg.) da kuma "Juno" (2016) shiga rukunin giant wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam.

ciki tsarin

planetary core na game da dubu 20. km a diamita, kunsha na karamin adadin dutse da karfe hydrogen da aka matsa wa 30-100 miliyan atmospheres. Jupiter zafin jiki a wannan sashi ne game 30000? C. Kwaya Weight - daga 3 zuwa 15% na jimlar taro na duniya. Heat tsara core na Jupiter aka bayyana ta da inji Kelvin - Helmholtz. Jigon da sabon abu ta'allaka ne da cewa kwatsam sanyaya na cikin matsanancin harsashi (surface zafin jiki ne -140˚S Jupiter) matsa lamba drop ya auku, haddasa matsawa na jiki da kuma m dumama da core.

A ci gaba da Layer zurfin 30 zuwa dubu 50. Km, shi ne wani abu na wani karfe da kuma ruwa hydrogen daga ƙazantar helium. Tare da kau da core matsa lamba a cikin wannan yankin da aka rage zuwa miliyan 2 atmospheres, Jupiter zafin jiki da dama zuwa 6000? C.

Tsarin yanayi. Ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi da kuma abun da ke ciki

A sarari iyaka tsakanin surface na duniya da kuma yanayi ba ya wanzu. A lokacin da ƙananan Layer - troposphere - masana kimiyya sun soma al'ada yankin a cikin abin da matsa lamba yayi dace da ƙasa. Bugu da ari yadudduka, da nisa daga "surface", suna located in da wadannan tsari:

• A stratosphere (har zuwa 320 km).
• A thermosphere (har zuwa 1000 km).
• Exosphere.

A cikin tambaya na abin da zazzabi a kan Jupiter, da unequivocal amsar ba ya wanzu. A wani yanayi na gudãna m convection matakai sa ta ciki zafi na duniya. Ya lura Disc na da pronounced taguwar tsarin. A farin makada (zones) iska talakawa tashi sama a cikin duhu (belts) - fada zuwa ƙasa, forming convective madaukai. A babba yadudduka Thermosphere zazzabi ya kai 1000? C, da kuma tare da ci gaba a cikin zurfin da kuma kara matsa lamba a hankali da dama zuwa korau dabi'u. Tare da nasara na troposphere Jupiter zafin jiki fara tashi.

A babba yadudduka da yanayi ne cakuda hydrogen (90%) kuma helium. A abun da ke ciki na kasa, inda babban girgije samuwar ma ya hada da methane, ammonia, ammonium sulfate da kuma ruwa. Na bincike ya nuna gaban burbushi na ethane, propane da acetylene, hydrogen cyanide da carbon monoxide, sulfur mahadi da phosphorus.

girgijen tiers

A launuka iri-iri Jovian girgije nuna gaban a abun da ke ciki na hadaddun kwayoyin sunadarai. The girgije tsarin za a iya sauƙi gani uku tiers:

• Upper - cikakken lu'ulu'u oledenevshego ammonia.
• A talakawan taro na ammonium hydrosulfide ƙwarai karu.
• A cikin kasa - ruwa kankara da kuma watakila mafi karami ruwa droplets.

Wasu yanayi model ci gaba da masana kimiyya da masu bincike kada ka ware wurin wani bene girgije hada da ruwa ammonia. Ultraviolet radiation daga rana da kuma Jupiter ta m makamashi da aka qaddamar da ya kwarara daga m sinadaran da jiki matakai a cikin yanayi na duniya.

yanayi mamaki

Border zones da kuma zones a kan Jupiter ne halin da tsananin iska (har zuwa 200 m / sec). Daga ekweita da sandunan lokaci zuwa lokaci alternating kwarara kwatance. The iska gudun rage-rage tare da kara latitud da iyakacin duniya shi ne kusan ba ya nan. Sikelin da yanayi mamaki a duniya (hadari, walƙiya, Aurora) wani tsari na girma m zuwa duniya. Known Great Red Spot wani abu kuma kamar wata katuwar hadari, wucewa da size biyu woje terrestrial yankin. Slick aka rugujewa, sannu a hankali daga gefe zuwa gefe. Fiye da shekara ɗari na lura da ta bayyana size halved.

Wani manufa na "Voyager" da aka kafa, cewa cibiyoyin vortex tsarin yanayi rife tare da filasha na walƙiya, mikakke girma mafi girma daga dubu kilomita.

Shin, akwai rai a kan Jupiter?

The tambaya da yawa za su haifar da rikice. Jupiter - duniya, da farfajiya zafin jiki na wanda (kazalika da wanzuwar surface) ne shubuha - ne mai wuya ya zama "shimfiɗar jariri, da na tunani." Amma kasancewar nazarin halittu kwayoyin a cikin yanayi na wata katuwar a cikin 70-ies karni na karshe, masana kimiyya sun ba jinyar. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin sama da matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki ne sosai m ga bayyanar da sinadaran halayen shafe ammonia ko hydrocarbons. Falakin Carl Sagan da astrophysicist E. Salpeter (USA), shiryar da jiki da kuma sinadaran dokokin, sanya wani m zato daga cikin siffofin na rayuwa, kasancewar abin da aka ba cire a wadannan yanayi:

• Sinker - microorganisms cewa zai iya ninka hanzari kuma a cikin manyan yawa, da barin yawan su tsira a cikin wani canza yanayi na convective kwarara.
• Floaters - giant tsuntsaye kamar balloons. Sakewa nauyi helium, shiga wani hali a cikin babba yadudduka.

Duk da haka dai, ba da "Galileo" ko "Juno" kome ba daga cikin irin da aka samu.