Duniya ta yawa. A binciken da na duniya

The Earth ne wani ɓangare daga cikin hasken rana tsarin, aka located a nesa na 149,8 miliyan kilomita daga Sun kuma shi ne na biyar mafi girma a cikin sauran duniyoyi.

A kadan game da duniyarmu

The gudu daga wani wani sarari suKe jiki a kusa da Sun ne 29,765 km / s. Cikakken nuna shi ya sa for 365,24 hasken rana kwanaki. Our duniyarmu yana daya tauraron dan adam. Wannan watã. An orbiting duniya tamu a nesa na 384.400 km. Mars yana da biyu amaryar wata, da kuma Jupiter - sittin da bakwai. A talakawan radius na duniya ne 6371 km, alhãli kuwa shi ne kama da wani ellipsoid, dan kadan flattened a zura sandunan da kuma miƙa tare ekweita.

A taro da yawa daga cikin Duniya

Its nauyi ne 5.98 * 1024 kg, da talakawan yawa na Duniya ne 5,52 g / cm ^3. A daidai wannan lokaci da adadi a duniya ta ɓawon burodi ne a cikin 2,71 g / cm ^3. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa da yawa daga cikin duniyarmu aka muhimmanci ƙãra zuwa ga zurfin. Wannan shi ne saboda da tsarin.

Duniya farko talakawan yawa da aka ƙaddara ta Newton, wanda shi ya lasafta a cikin adadin 5-6 g / cm ^3. Its sinadaran abun da ke ciki shi ne kama da terrestrial taurari, kamar Venus kuma Mars kuma partially Mercury. Abun da ke ciki duniya da baƙin ƙarfe - 32% Oxygen - 30%, silica - 15%, MG - 14% sulfur - 3% Ni - 2% Alli - 1.6% aluminum - 1.5%. A sauran abubuwa na Naira Miliyan Xari lissafinsu game da 1.2%.

Duniya tamu - Blue matafiyin a sarari

Samun Duniya kusa da Sun ta da tasiri a gaban wadanda ko wasu sinadarai a cikin ruwa da kuma gaseous jihar. Saboda da abun da ke ciki na Duniya ta bambancin, kafa da yanayi, hydrosphere da lithosphere. A yanayi kunshi gaske na cakuda gas, nitrogen da oxygen 78% kuma 21% bi da bi. Har ila yau, carbon dioxide - 1.6% da kuma alama yawa na inert gas kamar helium, Neon, xenon, da sauransu.

Hydrosphere na duniya tamu ruwa da kuma bautar 3/4 na ta surface. Duniya - kadai a san duniya a cikin hasken rana tsarin yau, wanda yana da wani hydrosphere. Ruwa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwa aban kasa. Saboda ta high takamaiman zafi wurare dabam dabam da kuma hydrosphere ma'aunan da yanayin damina a daban-daban latitudes, da kuma haifar da duniyar tamu ta sauyin yanayi. Ta wakilci teku, da kõguna da ruwan karkashin kasa. M ɓangare na duniya tamu aka yi sama da sedimentary kankara, dutse da basalt Layer.

A tsarin da Duniya kuma da tsarin

Duniya kamar yadda sauran terrestrial taurari yana da wani lebur ciki tsari. akwai wani tsakiya a cibiyar. Wannan ne bi da alkyabbar, wanda occupies wani gagarumin rabo daga girma na duniya, sa'an nan ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. An kafa tsakanin yadudduka ya bambanta a abun da ke ciki. Domin lokaci na wanzuwar wannan duniya tamu, fiye da 4.5 biliyan years old, da mutum dutsen da kuma abubuwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar nauyi tsinkãyi kara da kara shiga cikin tsakiyar duniya. Sauran abubuwa, m, ya kasance kusa da surface.

Mawuyaci da inaccessibility na ƙirjinsa

Mutum ne sosai wuya a shiga da zurfi cikin ƙasa. Daya daga cikin mafi zurfi rijiyoyin ya fadi na sukar a kan Kola Larabawa. Tana da zurfi ne 12 kilomita.
A nesa daga surface zuwa cibiyar na duniya ne fiye da 6300 kilomita.

Mun yi amfani da kai tsaye ba kayan bincike

Saboda wannan irin ƙaunar da mu duniya, sanya a wani babba zurfin, da nazarin sakamakon wata girgizar kasa binciken. A kowace awa cikin Duniya a daban-daban maki na faruwa a game da goma oscillations ta surface. Bisa ga dubban girgizar kasa tashoshin suna gudanar da bincike data yaduwa a lokacin wani girgizar kasa. Wadannan vibrations suna karbe su a cikin hanyar matsayin ripples simintin abu. Lokacin da kalaman da ke shiga cikin compacted Layer, ta gudu ya canjãwa abruptly. Amfani da wannan bayanai, da masu bincike sun iya sanin ko iyakoki na ciki bawo na duniya. A tsarin da Earth, akwai uku main yadudduka.

A duniya ta ɓawon burodi da kuma da kaddarorin

A babba harsashi na Duniya - shi ne duniya ta ɓawon burodi. Its kauri iya bambanta daga 5 kilomita a Oceanic yankunan zuwa 70 kilomita a mountainous yankunan ɓangaren duniya. A dangane da duka duniya da wannan harsashi a matsayin bakin ciki kamar yadda wani eggshell, kuma a karkashin shi a bugãwa karkashin kasa da wuta. Makamantan bayanai na muhimmi matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙaunar da ƙasa, kuma dõmin da muka gani a cikin nau'i na volcanic eruptions da raurawar asa, da sa babbar hallakarwa.

The Earth ta ɓawon burodi - ne kawai Layer cewa shi ne samuwa, mutane su rayu da kuma cikakken bincike. A tsarin da Duniya ta ɓawon burodi a karkashin nahiyoyi da kuma tekuna dabam.

Continental duniya ta ɓawon burodi bautar wani yawa karami yanki na duniya ta surface, amma yana da wani hadadden tsarin. Ya qunshi wani sedimentary Layer m dutse da basalt yadudduka na kasa. A nahiyar ɓawon burodi hadu dogon-tsaye kankara, wanda shekaru ne kusan biliyan biyu da shekara.

Oceanic ɓawon burodi thinner, kawai game da kilomita biyar, da kuma qunshi biyu yadudduka: ƙananan kuma babba sedimentary basalt. Age na Oceanic breeds bai wuce miliyan 150 shekara. A wannan Layer, rayuwa na iya zama.

Alkyabbar, da abin da muka sani game da shi

A karkashin ɓawon burodi Layer overlies kira alkyabba. A iyaka tsakanin shi da haushi quite sharply alama. An mai suna Mohorovicha Layer, kuma shi za a iya samu a zurfin game da arba'in kilomita. Mohorovicha iyakar kunshi yafi na basalt da silicates waxanda suke a cikin m jihar. A ware wasu "Aljihuna na lawa", abin da suke a ruwa form.

A kauri daga cikin alkyabbar - kusan dubu uku kilomita. A wannan yadudduka da aka samu a sauran duniyoyi. A wannan akwai wani sarari karuwa a iyakar girgizar kasa velocities daga 7,81 zuwa 8,22 km / s. Duniya ta alkyabbar ne zuwa kashi babba da ƙananan aka gyara. Iyakar tsakanin data Layer hidima geospheres Galitsina wanda yake a zurfin game da 670 km.

Yadda za a gina ilmi game da alkyabbar?

A farkon karni na 20th iyakar Mohorovicha maida tattauna. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa shi ne, akwai cewa metamorphic aiwatar da abin da duwatsu suna kafa tare da high yawa. Sauran masana kimiyya sun bayyana kaifi karuwa a girgizar kasa kalaman gudu canji daga cikin abun ciki na kankara daga gwada da haske ga mutum iri.

Yanzu wannan ra'ayi yana dauke su da tushen fahimtar bincike hanyoyin da kuma matakai da ya faru a cikin duniya. Kanta Duniya ta alkyabbar kai tsaye ba don kai tsaye bincike saboda zurfin-maƙaryaciya, kuma ta bai zo zuwa surface.
Saboda haka, asali bayanai da aka samu ta hanyar geochemical da Geophysical hanyoyin. A general, ta hanyar da maimaitawa na data kasance kafofin - mai wuya sosai aiki.
Alkyabbar samun radiation daga cibiyar, warmed daga 800 digiri 2000 digiri a saman kusa da tsakiya. An zaci, a gaskiya, da cewa abu na alkyabbar ne a akai motsi.

Abin da yake a cikin da yawa daga alkyabbar Duniya?

Da yawa daga cikin Earth a cikin alkyabbar kai game da 5.9 g / cm ^3. A matsa lamba qara da zurfin da zai iya isa 1.6 Mill. ATM. A al'amari na kayyade yawan zafin jiki a alkyabbar ra'ayoyi masana kimiyya ne shubuha da kuma wajen da sabanin, 1500-10000 digiri Celsius. Wadannan ne marinjaya ra'ayi a tsakanin masana kimiyya.

A kusa da cibiyar, da zafi

A cikin tsakiyar duniya dauka da kwaya. Its babba part aka located a zurfin 2900 kilomita daga surface (m core), kuma shi ne game da 30% na jimlar nauyi na duniya. Wannan Layer yana da kaddarorin danko sosai ruwa da kuma wutar lantarki watsin. Ya ƙunshi game da 12% sulfur da kuma 88% na baƙin ƙarfe. A core-alkyabbar duniya yawa ƙaruwa sharply, kuma ya kai game da 9.5 g / cm ^3. A zurfin game da 5100 km gane ta ciki na, da radius daga wanda yake game da 1260 kilomita, da kuma nauyi - 1.7% by nauyi na duniya.

A matsa lamba a cibiyar haka babbar cewa baƙin ƙarfe da nickel, wanda da ya zama ruwa, suna a cikin m jihar. Kamar yadda bincike, da Duniya ta tsakiya shi ne wani wuri da Superextreme yanayi tare da matsa lamba na miliyan 3.5 atmospheres da kuma yanayin zafi sama da 6000 digiri.

A wannan batun, da baƙin ƙarfe-nickel gami da aka ba canjawa wuri zuwa cikin ruwa a jihar, duk da cewa da narkewa batu na wadannan karafa ne daidai 1450-1500 digiri Celsius. Saboda da gigantic matsa lamba a tsakiyar taro da yawa daga cikin Duniya quite babban. Daya cubic decimeter da kayan Tã yi game da goma sha biyu da rabi kilo. Shi ne na musamman da kawai wuri inda duniya ta yawa ne da ya fi yadda a wani gadonta.

Fadada duka sunadaran da hulda a cikin Duniya zai zama ba kawai ban sha'awa, amma kuma amfani. Za mu bayyana samuwar daban-daban ma'adanai da su location. Zai yiwu shi zai fahimci inji na girgizar asa da cewa zai sa ya yiwu daidai to ka yi musu gargaɗi. A halin yanzu, su ne unpredictable da kuma kawo mai yawa mutuwa da halaka. Sanin da convection gudana da kuma su hulda da lithosphere, na iya zubar da haske a kan wannan matsala. Saboda haka, nan gaba masana kimiyya zai zama mai tsawo, ban sha'awa da kuma amfani aiki ga bil'adama.