Friedrich Schiller: biography, kerawa, ideas

Works of Friedrich Schiller da abin da ake kira zamanin "Sturm und Drang" - shugabanci a cikin adabi na Jamus, domin wanda aka halin da kin amincewa da classicism kuma miƙa mulki ga Romanticism. Yana maida hankali ne akan game da biyu shekarun da suka gabata: 1760-1780 shekaru. Yana da aka alama ta bazawa na waɗannan ayyukansu mashahuri mawallafa a matsayin Iogann Gete, Kirista Schubart da sauransu.

Brief biography na marubuci

Duchy na Wurttemberg, wanda aka haife Friedrich Schiller, aka located a kan ƙasa na Allah Mai Tsarki Roman Empire. A mawãƙi aka haife shi a 1759 a wani iyalin baƙi daga cikin ƙananan azuzuwan. Mahaifinsa regimental likita mataimakin, kuma uwarsa - 'yar wani tuya. Duk da haka, saurayin samu mai kyau da ilimi: ya yi karatu a makarantar sojoji, inda ya yi karatu dokar da fikihu, sa'an nan, bayan da canja wurin da makarantu a Stuttgart, ya dauki up magani.

Bayan staging farko acclaimed play "The 'Yan fashi," matasa marubuci aka kõre su daga ƙasarsa ta duchy, da kuma girma na rayuwarsa a Weimar. Friedrich Schiller wani aboki na Goethe da kuma ko gasa da shi a rubutu ballads. Marubuci m na falsafa, tarihi da kuma shayari. Ya kasance wani farfesa a tarihin duniya, a Jami'ar Jena, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Immanuel Kant rubuta falsafa ayyukansu, tsunduma a wallafe-wallafe, samar da mujallu "Ora", "Almanac na Muses." Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya mutu a Weimar a 1805.

A play "The Mafasa" da farko nasara

A lokacin karkashin review a tsakanin matasa sun Popular a romantic yanayi, wanda aka kuma kwashe Friedrich Schiller. Babban ideas taƙaice fahince aikinsa ne da wadannan: da pathos 'yanci, da zargi daga cikin manya jama'a, aristocracy, tsada da kuma empathy ga waɗanda suka yi, domin duk abin da dalili, da aka ƙi da wannan al'umma.

Shahararrun marubuta samu bayan staging ya drama "The Mafasa" a 1781. Wannan wasa ya bambanta da ɗan butulci da kuma pompous romantic tsanani ga ambato, amma ta fadi cikin soyayya tare da viewer kaifi tsauri mãkirci kuma zafi na so. Dalili na abun da ke ciki shi ne taken da rikici tsakanin 'yan'uwa biyu, Karl kuma Franz Moor. Daurin boye Franz neman fashi da ɗan'uwansa Estate, gado, da ƙaunataccen - Kuzinu Amaliyu.

Irin wannan rashin adalci take kaiwa Charles don zuwa fashi, amma a lokaci guda ya kulawa don kula da mutunci da daraja da girma. A samfurin ya samu gagarumar nasara, duk da haka, ya kawo marubucin a cikin matsala: saboda mara izini absences, ya aka azabtar, kuma baya fitar daga ƙasarsa ta duchy.

Drama 1780s

" 'Yan fashi' nasara sa matasa marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, to ƙirƙirar yawan sanannun ayyukan da suka zama litattafansu na duniya wallafe-wallafe. A 1783 da ya rubuta da play "rikici da kuma love", "hada baki da Fiesco a Genoa" a 1785 - "Ode zuwa Joy". A cikin wannan jerin, ya kamata a ware fitar muqala "rikici da kuma love", wanda ake ce da farko "bourgeois bala'i", kamar yadda ya yi a karon farko cikin marubuci abu na m images ba matsaloli daraja manya da wahalhalu na sauki yarinya na m asalin. "Ode zuwa Joy" an dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan marubucin, wanda ya nuna kansa ba kawai mai girma mawallafi, amma kuma wani m mawãƙi ne.

Kwaikwaiyo na 1790s

Friedrich Schiller m na tarihi, a cikin abin da batutuwa rubuta wani adadin da ya wasanin kwaikwayo. A 1796 ya halicci play "Wallenstein", sadaukar da shugaban jarumawa talatin ɗin Years War (1618-1648 shekaru). A 1800 ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo "Maria Stuart", wanda ƙwarai tashi daga tarihi suke da su, yin abu na m misali na rikici tsakanin mata biyu kishiyoyinsu. Wannan al'amari, duk da haka, ba detract daga isa yabo na adabi da wasan kwaikwayo.

A 1804 Friedrich Schiller rubuta cikin play "William Ka ce", sadaukar da gwagwarmaya na Swiss mutane da Austria mulki. Wannan aiki ne Ribar da pathos 'yanci da' yancin kai da cewa ya kasance haka halayyar kerawa wakilan da "Sturm und Drang". A 1805 da marubuci ya fara aiki a kan wasan kwaikwayo "Dimitiriyas", kishin abubuwan da suka faru na Rasha tarihi, amma play zauna ba a kare ba.

Darajar halittar Schiller art

Plays da marubuci yana da babban tasiri a kan duniya al'ada. Abin da ya rubuta Friedrich Schiller, shi ne batun amfani da Rasha mawãƙi V. Zhukovsky, Lermontov, wanda aka fassara masa ballads. Kwaikwaiyo da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, aiki a matsayin tushen ga halittar girma operas daga cikin manyan Italian composers na XIX karni. Beethoven karshe, na daga cikin shahararrun Tara Symphony sa a kan "Ode zuwa Joy" by Schiller. A 1829, Rossini halitta wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "William Ka ce", dangane da wasan kwaikwayo. wannan aikin da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan mawaki.

A 1835 G. G. Donitsetti rubuta wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Mariya Styuart", ya shiga jerin da ya qagaggun waqoqi, sadaukar da tarihi na Ingila XVI karni. A 1849 G. D. Verdi halitta wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Luisa Miller" dangane da wasan kwaikwayo "love da kuma rikici". Opera bai samu yawa shahararsa, amma ya undoubted m abin yabo. Saboda haka, rinjayar Schiller a duniya al'ada ne babbar, kuma wannan bayani ne game da amfani a cikin aikin, kuma a cikin kwanakin nan namu.