Fulminate na Mercury

A 17th karni, Johann Kunkel farko samu Mercury fulminate. Girke-girke domin samar da wannan fili da aka bayyana a cikin littafinsa, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwar alchemist. Bayan gano Mercury fulminate ba amfani har 1800. masana'antu na fili girke-girke da aka bude Edward Howard. Masana kimiyya sun yi karatu da yawa na da kaddarorin. A daidai sinadaran abun da ke ciki na fili gano Liebig game da 1824.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kafin wannan taron a 1807, da shekara Forsyth ya jadadda mallaka da yin amfani da abu a matsayin Mafarin harin na baki foda. A 1836, shekarar da aka halitta da bindiga, wanda yana amfani da feat. Irfan igniter. Feat. Irfan primers a Rasha ya fara nuna daga 1843, shekarar. Nobel a 1867 ƙirƙira da ayukan iska mai ƙarfi hula, wanda aka yi amfani da tare da nasara a da harin Dynamite.

Mercury fulminate ne isasshe mai guba fili. Amma ta babban hadari, kamar yadda shi dai itace, ba m.

A tsarin ma an deciphered rattlesnakes salts gaba daya ta 1890. Wadannan mahadi a kimiyya sun zama mafi tsananin sunan - fulminates ( "walƙiya").

Domin shekaru masu yawa, Mercury fulminate ƙonewa lura gunpowder da Dynamite. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da, da kuma sauran mahadi. Alal misali, da sabon bada nakiyoyi - teneres da gubar azide. A karshen ne, bisa ga masana kimiyya, da babban yau.

Mercury fulminate "ji tsoro" na ruwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a yi shi ne, ba ko da yaushe iya sa sakandare aiki fili da kuma akai-akai na bukatar ƙarin detonator.

Mercury fulminate wakilta a matsayin m ko fari crystalline foda. A bushe form farfado high ji na ƙwarai to tura, wuta, da kuma sauran abrasion juriya. Fashewar ta auku a lokacin da fallasa da fili na mayar da hankali sulfuric acid. Bazuwar Mercury fulminate hanyar karfi acid, kazalika da ruwan da mataki na alkaline salts.

Formula Mercury (rattlesnake) Hg (CNO) 2.

Daga cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani crystallization auku hemihydrate rawaya launi (saboda da gaban impurities hydrolysis samfurin). Ba yana da kyau solubility a ethanol.

White gyara da kuma farfado da wani m jure thermal da kuma sunadarai juriya. Mai saukin kamuwa zuwa ga hasken rana - a cikin shakka daga sakawa a iska mai guba fara duhu da surface yadudduka kafa Mercury.

A konewa kudi na domin na 15.5 mm / s. Akwai Mercury fulminate aiki dauki tare da magnesium ko aluminum, musamman a gaban danshi. Yana iya jawo fashewa. A wannan batun, a can ya zama babu lamba na Mercury fulminate da wadannan karafa.

A bushe fili ya nuna a isasshe m dauki da tagulla, da na azurfa, cadmium. Ko da kuwa da jihar (rigar ko bushe) bai amsa tare da karfe ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe.

Lokacin da fallasa su busa fili decomposes ba tare yawo. A cikin mahallin da wasu talatin bisa dari zafi gaba daya hasarar da ji na ƙwarai. A zazzabi na fiye da hamsin da darajõji farawa jinkirin bazuwar na Mercury fulminate. Wannan ya faru ko da a bushe yanayi. A zazzabi na 90-95 digiri for 'yan kwanaki fili decomposes gaba daya. Wannan Forms rawaya da ba m abu. A lokacin da ƙara fili zuwa 10% na ethyl fili farfado da kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi har zuwa tamanin digiri.

Burning a lura da matsa sako-sako da, da ke shiga fasa. Muhimmanci sealing fili na taimaka wa asarar kadarori na bada m. The gudu daga fasa 2300 m / s, idan da yawa ne 1.25 g / cm3. A zafi na fashewa - 1,79 MJ / kg. A girma daga cikin harin kayayyakin - 315 l / kg.

Danna maɓalli yana da za'ayi a wata matsa lamba na 250-300 kg / cm2 ayukan iska mai ƙarfi hula.