Galvanic shafi. Electroplating Technology. Electroplating

Galvanic shafi ne mai shafi Hanyar daga karfe a wasu hanyoyi na electrolysis. Wannan hanya ne da za'ayi amfani da na al'ada nutsewa hanyoyin. Bayan wannan preconditioning allon kayan wutan an ɗora Kwatancen cikin da plating bath, wanda yake shi ne capacitance na wani insulator wanda aka cika da wani electrolyte da kuma bayar da anodes (su iya zama mai narkewa da insoluble) da kuma na'urar for rike zafin jiki da kuma stirring da mafita.

Processing kudade

Transmission daga DC take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa gano m mask da alaka da lantarki rabo daga cikin jirgi aka rufe da wani Layer na nickel ko zinariya wasu kauri. Proper sakawa na anodes tabbatar da cewa da shafi kauri ne kamar uniform.

PCB zinariya plating aka saba yi amfani da wani biyu-mataki tsari. Na farko, su ake nutsarwa cikin wanka, cikinsa da nickel ne amfani da electroplating. Wannan yana amfani da wani babban yanzu yawa, inda wani acidic bayani da a nickel Layer aka ajiye, a kauri daga 0.05-0.1 microns. Wannan na tabbatar da karfi mannewa na nickel da kuma jan karfe, wanda rage porosity na shafi kuma su hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na jan karfe a cikin zinariya Layer. Bayan wanka kayayyakin yawanci koma a cikin wani gilding wanka inda zinariya Layer iya aiki ne ya yi zuwa 0.5 microns daga electrolyte.

Electroplating da kuma ado

Ko a zamanin da akwai wani ado na m karfe. Modern samar da shawara cewa, don goya wasu musamman Properties na da karfe surface jiyya galvanic a yi amfani. M coatings na daraja karafa za a iya samu ta hanyar hazo da karafa daga brines ƙarƙashin rinjayar da lantarki. Tare da wadannan coatings ne yiwu for quite lokaci mai tsawo don kula da launi da kuma tafiyar da kayan ado. Su ba kawai hana duhun kayayyakin, amma kuma suna da wani kyakkyawan polishing sakamako. Alal misali, annabcin da zinariya ko azurfa damar zuwa har abada adana launi da kuma tafiyar da kayan ado.

Akwai da dama daban-daban bambancin da wannan tsari, kowanne daga abin da ya shafi yin amfani da wani ƙarfe:

- Chrome.

- jan plating.

- tutiya.

- nickel.

- wani tin-bismuth shafi.

- sinadaran hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

- sinadaran passivation.

- anodizing.

- electropolishing.

chromium-plating

Wannan jikewa yaxuwa chromium karfe surface ko depositing a kan sassa na Layer abu daga wani electrolyte karkashin mataki na lantarki. A wannan yanayin, electroplating aka mayar da hankali a kan lalata kariya da ake amfani da kayan ado ko don kara mataki na surface taurin. Plating a cikin masana'antu da kuma za a iya amfani da shi don ado. A wannan yanayin, babban maƙasudin na hanya - imparting wani ƙarfe surface tafiyar da kyau m. Detail kafin aikace-aikace na chromium da za a goge.

shafi Properties

Hard Chrome plating ne halin da zafi juriya, high lalacewa juriya, matalauta wettability, low gogayya, da kuma low plasticity. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da farfajiya na'am da irin kaddarorin kamar yadda kwanciyar hankali a sharuddan na gogayya, ikon yin tsayayya da kaya rarraba, kazalika da rashin hade tare da halaka saukin mayar da hankali a karkashin buga lodi. Plating chromium a cikin nau'i na madara yana da wani low mataki na taurin da kuma ci juriya, low porosity. A surface aka kare daga lalata yayin da rike wani m ado bayyanar.

A amfani da Chrome plating masana'antu

Babban manufa ga abin da shi da ake amfani a masana'antu, wannan ba cikakken bayani na irin Properties, kamar ya karu karko, ta ƙara da juriya ga lalata da kuma rage gogayya. Ta hanyar wannan tsari, da karfe zama fi karfi, da gas da aka ba hõre lalata da ba a hallaka a cikin marine da kuma talakawa ruwa, nitric acid. Galvanic shafi na irin wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa surface lahani zama gagarumin kawai saboda abin da ake bukata don yin kara aiki, tun a cikin wannan harka ba jeri sakamako.

copperplating

Amfani da jan coatings dacewa a kuma waɗannan lokuta, idan an buƙata don kara lantarki watsin, kazalika da yin amfani da matsayin tsaka-tsaki Layer a kan karfe samfurin kafin shi ne ajiyar Chrome, nickel ko wasu shafi. Kamar wancan shi ne mai yiwuwa a samar da mafi alhẽri mannewa, da kuma bunkasa m iyawa. Copper plating ne kullum ba a yi amfani a matsayin mai raba ko na ado. Saboda da aiki karfe da yake iya hana samuwar tartsatsi, da samfurin da za a iya amfani da su a cikin masana'antar mai da gas.

A amfani da tagulla plating

Wannan tsari da ake amfani da shafi na jan karfe a kan karfe samfurin ko wani karfe waya. Sau da yawa, da irin wannan shafi da aka yi amfani da kare wuraren karfe kayayyakin daga sumunti da kuma sarrafa a lokaci guda fallasa ga waɗanda yankunan da ake sa ran ci gaba da aiki da yankan.

Electroplating karfe shafi a wannan yanayin sau da yawa amfani a masana'antar mai da gas zuwa hana samuwar tartsatsi, a cikin lantarki filin ga m shaida na multilayer coatings tsara domin kariya da kuma ado, a samar da buga kewaye allon, don inganta soldering, kazalika da yawa wasu. Surface samun launi daga haske ruwan hoda to duhu ja. A inuwõyinta suna kusa, yawanci ba daidaita.

galvanizing

Daya daga cikin na kowa hanyoyin da kariya daga karfe kayayyakin da aka galvanizing. Yawancin lokaci aka yi amfani domin lura da wani iri-iri gami ko carbon karfe maki. Electroplating na irin wannan ya ishe bukatar da kariya daga articles sanya na waya da kuma fasteners. Samun a wani m yanayi, da farfajiya na tutiya da hidima a matsayin anode, haka slowing hadawan abu da iskar shaka dauki, da kuma iyaye karfe yayin da samun kariya daga m muhalli dalilai.

Electroplating na da irin wannan za a iya amfani bayan da karfe samfurin da za a sarrafa a cikin wani musamman hanya. Don yin haka, share su daga tsatsa, sikelin, hardware sanyaya man shafawa aikace-aikace. Lokacin da aiwatar da galvanizing ne cikakke, samfurin dole ne a fuskanci bayani, Ina nufin shi ne etched tare da mai rauni bayani na nitric acid, bi da passivation. Saboda haka ba ne kawai zai yiwu ƙara da juriya na galvanized kayayyakin da korau dalilai, amma kuma ya sanya su mafi ado, da cewa shi ne, a kara haske da kuma wani ya dafa. Electroplating Technology a cikin wannan hali ya shafi cikin tutiya Layer kauri daga 6 microns zuwa 1.5 mm.

nickel-plating

Kariya daga karfe kayayyakin za a iya cika ta amfani da dama fasahar. Daya daga cikin mafi rare da kowa a wannan lokacin ne nickel. Irin wannan shahararsa shi ne saboda da sinadaran Properties na nickel. Yana mallaka a babban mataki na jure lalata a wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, da kuma nickel oxide hana kara hadawan abu da iskar shaka na karfe. Bugu da kari, nickel talauci amenable ga salts, acid da kuma alkalis, tare da togiya na nitric acid. Alal misali, a plating kauri daga 0,125 mm kare da mafi m gas tare da ƙara mutunci. Yana da matukar muhimmanci da kuma irin wannan lokacin: nickel plating amenable zuwa kusan duk karafa, don haka wannan hanya za a iya amfani da shi don ci gaba da aiki na kayayyakin.

A amfani da nickel ne dace ga mai fadi da kewayon ayyuka:

- da kariya daga karfe kayayyakin.

- yi amfani a matsayin ado coatings.

- pre-kafa Layer da za a hõre kara aiki.

- dawo daga sassa da majalisai.

A shafi ne halin high lalacewa juriya da kuma taurin da kuma bada shawarar ga sassa cewa aiki a cikin yanayi na gogayya, musamman in babu wani lubrication, amfani ga lalata kariya, da kuma samar da ingancin low zazzabi brazing solders, duk wajabta a ISO. Electroplated coatings sun karu brittleness, duk da haka an ba da shawarar samar da flaring kuma lankwasawa sassa shige nickel plating hanya. An shawarar don amfani ga slozhnoprofilirovannyh bayani. Bayan da zafi magani hanya a karkashin yanayi na 400 digiri Celsius shafi zama iyakar taurin.

Tin-Bismuth

A tin shafi ne halin da juriya ga mataki na sulfur-dauke da mahadi, shi ne shawarar da sassa da suke a lamba tare da roba da kuma robobi. Daga cikin da kaddarorin za a iya kira kyau kwarai mannewa da tushe karfe, elasticity, ikon lankwasawa, zane, stamping, walƙiya, latsa-fit, kazalika da kyau riƙewa a lokacin da suke dashi. Freshly tin shafi lends kanta da kyau zuwa soldering.

binciken

Plating inganta halaye na conductive sassa, ba su m lantarki rufi Properties, kazalika da kare da tasiri na daban-daban abubuwa. Haka kuma, wannan hanya damar zuwa samu m surface ciwon fuskance view, kazalika da simulating da enamel shafi. Yana da wuya a overstate yadda muhimmanci electroplating a zamani masana'antu a matsayin ci gaban fasahar yarda ka sa tsari mafi m.