Genoa Conference

Ingila, ka nemi wani hanyar fita daga cikin rikicin, da komawa zuwa Rasha a matsayin mai saye a kasuwannin duniya. Genoa taron ya ba da damar. Fira Ministan Birtaniya, Lloyd George ya yarda da babban taron na taro, wanda tare da Bulgaria, Jamus, Hungary da Austria aka kuma gayyaci wakilan Rasha.

Duk da haka, wannan hukunci ya sa a dauki a cikin da'ira na Faransa kaifi zanga-zangar. Tasiri da maƙiya hali ga sabon, Soviet, Rasha, da kuma tsoron Jamus dawo. Hukuma Briard ya fada. Post na Firayim Ministan ya Puankre. Ba kasancewa iya magana a kan shirya taro shi ne bude (yarjejeniya don kira shi da aka bai), ya yanke shawarar jinkirta da kwanan wata, neman wata damar fita da karshe rashin lafiya.

A London a yarjejeniyar da aka aiko da wata sanarwa game da yiwuwar sa hannu na Faransa ne kawai a taron na Rasha duk da yanayi na Cannes ƙuduri da kawar da canje-canje a cikin yarjejeniyar da Jamus da kuma sauran ci ƙasashe. Rasha ya shigar da dukan gabata basusuka, saita gata na kasashen waje shigar da damar waje arzikin masu arziki za su gudanar da ayyukan a kan free da karkararta. A gaskiya, shi game da tunzura a Rasha ( "hamada, ta kafa kwamitin") sallama tsarin mulki.

Diplomatic rawar daji ya yi nasara. Reactionary da'ira a Ingila wanda ya ji tsõron mai zaman kanta tattaunawar tsakanin Rasha da kuma Faransa, yarda da aka bai. A hukuncin ya shafa nufin wani speedy shiri na halin da ake ciki a gabas ta tsakiya: Helenawa, da goyan bayan kasar Birtaniya, a fili kadawa.

Taro a Boulogne, da aka gudanar a ranar 25.02.1922, har abada a tsare: Genoa taro jure. A halin yanzu, a London gudanar da wani taro na masana domin tattauna da fasaha, tattalin arziki da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi. Da shi shi ne farkon halittar da wani united gaban Birtaniya da kuma Faransa a kan Soviets.

Amma Faransa diflomasiyya bai so su zauna a asasshe Ingila. Bin da burin da aka haifar da wata zanga-Soviet gaban a cikin Baltic kasashen. Kuma 17 Maris tsakanin Estonia, Latvia, Finland da kuma Poland da aka sanya hannu da wani kwangila. Its ainihi ba a kammala yarjejeniyar cewa za a iya directed a kan daya daga cikin masu sanya hannu kasashen, da kuma sanarwar da kawayenta a kan cikar yarjejeniyar tare da sauran jihohin (har zuwa cikin rubutu na wadannan yarjejeniyoyi). Hakika, mun sake tafi Rasha.

Amma Faransa da aka bai isa ba. Ta yaya za a Genoa da aka gudanar kafin anti-Soviet naúrar za su shiga ma da Little Entente?

A Belgrade, ya nada wani na farko taron, bayan da ministan Czechoslovakia Behnisch halartar farko Paris sa'an nan ta London, rahoton da fitarwa yayi Puankre, bisa ga abin da taron na Genoa ba tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi reparations da zaman lafiya yarjejeniyarsu, da kuma a Bugu da kari, hana fitarwa na Soviet gwamnati. Duk da haka, Belgrade goyon bayan da sha'awar da Lloyd George don mayar da cinikayya tare da Rasha, don Allah dena m harin. Bayan doguwar tattaunawa, an amince.

A Genoa taron karshe an shirya Afrilu 10 da kuma dade har 19 May, a gaban wakilan 29 ƙasashe: Tarayyar Afrika ta Kudu, New Zealand, India, Austria, Canada, Estonia, Japan, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Mulkin Slovenes, Croats da Serbs, Romania, Portugal, Poland, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Italy, Finland, Faransa, Girka, da Jamus, Denmark, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Austria da kuma Rasha Federation (da aikin jagorancin Lenin tare da mataimakin Chi Yerin). The United States ƙi shiga.

Amma da taro a Genoa tafi ba a matsayin sa ran "a hayin" na diplomasiyya gaban. A Soviet gefen ayyana cewa shi ya fahimci tattalin arziki, amma ba za ta canza da ka'idodinta kwaminisanci. Rasha dauki bayanin kula kuma, bisa manufa, gane da Cannes ƙuduri, amma da nufin rike da hakkin ya yi gyara a musayar samar da arziki asasshe zuwa kasashen waje arzikin masu arziki, ya nuna a lokaci guda da rashin yiwuwar maido da tattalin arziki a cikin yanayi na dangling da barazana da yaki. Sanya ta Soviet gefe da m tsari na kwance damarar yaki da sa rikice.

Bart ya nuna a fili rashin jituwa. Sauran wakilan, alama da za a fi son ra'ayin, tsoro ya yi magana a fili ba. France da aka ware.

Long da rigingimu da kuma wajen mawuyacin halin tilasta Jamus tawaga zuwa canza. Tsoron da yiwuwar wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Rasha da Entente, Jamus ta yanke shawarar shiga cikin Rapallo yarjejeniyar, karya da zobe kusa da Rasha tattalin arziki kawancen. Masõya amsa sai m damunsu da cewa Jamus tawagar fara tura Rasha mayar da hannu kwangilar, amma, ba shakka, aka ƙi.

Bugu da ƙari, ta Soviets samu wani aikace-aikace don amincewa da pre-yaki basusuka a musayar soke bashi na soja (da ban sha'awa), da kuma samar da taimakon kudi ga kasar Rasha.

A lokacin tattaunawa na Soviet bada shawarwari wãtsa Backstage yaki tsakanin kishiya mai monopolies - American da Anglo-Dutch, da sakamakon wanda ya zama mai yarjejeniyar da bukatu, daga Rasha anti-jari hujja farfaganda ƙarshe (na anti-Soviet farfaganda shiru). zama tsaka tsaki a cikin rikici Greek-Turkish. fitarwa daga dukkan amma soja bashi. diyya bayan kwata.

Belgium da Faransa sun dauki yanayin da yarjejeniyar da aka unacceptable taushi da kuma ki sa hannu.

A Soviets amsa zuwa ga yarjejeniyar da 'yan kwanaki daga baya, ya ce cewa unilateral ƙi daga farfaganda ba ya dace da ita. Bugu da kari, Rasha tuno mika da tayin zuwa gayyata zuwa taron da wakilin Turkey cewa zai iya shafar halin da ake ciki a Asiya. Game da bashin da kuma ramuwa, akwai da Rasha gefen da aka bar ta tsaye a kan kansa. Haka kuma, wani tsari da aka sanya don kafa wani hadin gwiwa hukumar, wanda zai ba da damar a warware husũma al'amurran da suka shafi.

Genoa taron na 1922 da aka kusa da gazawar saboda da intransigence na Entente. Lloyd George, da tsoron zargin karya taron, kama na karshe batu na Soviet yarjejeniyar da miƙa har yanzu sanya wani kwamiti, wanda zai la'akari da kunno kai bambance-bambance. M lokaci na saye da biyu kwamitocin (daga Rasha da kuma wadanda ba Rasha) da aka nada a watan Yuni 1922. Har sai wannan lokacin, an nuna su guji duk hare-hare da kuma ayyukan ta'adi. A kan yin wannan shawara, da Genoa taron da kuma a kan.