Ancient Rasha: Clothing. Clothing a Rasha: mata, maza, yara

Masana tarihi sun ba amince a kan yadda za a duba Rasha Slavonic zamanin tufafi, kamar yadda a lokacin da kabilan rayu yafi daga cinikayya hanyoyi, sau da yawa a cikin gandun daji ƙasa da kadaici. Duk da haka, akwai shawarwari da tufafi a cikin waɗannan kwanaki sun sauki da kuma wajen monotonous. A karshen ne ya sa ta gaskiya cewa gida masana'antu yadudduka shi ne a wancan lokacin quite lokaci-cinyewa, kamar yadda akwai kusan babu fasaha wajen domin yi na tufafi abubuwa.

Game da tsoho tufafin zauna kadan bayanai

Jama'a ilimi Ancient Rus yawan tufafi wanda aka zama mafi bambancin matsayin nisa kamar yadda lamba tare da sauran mutane, ya fara dauki siffar a tara karni AD. Kafin wannan lokaci, da data game da bayyanar da Slavs kadan a matsayin tufafi abubuwa a lokacin da aka sanya na halitta kayan, Organic sharan wanda ba adana na dogon lokaci. Har ila yau, ka tuna cewa a cikin 6-9 karni AD a Slav, al'ada ce a ƙone jiki kafin binne, don haka a makabartun ne sun fi mayar saurã daga narke karfe ado kõ abubuwa na tufafi. Archaeologists sa'a kawai 'yan sau lokacin da suka, misali, a lokacin tono a cikin Tsohon Ladoga samu ragowar fata cewa zai mayar da look daga safar hannu da kuma kamar takalma, safa, da sawa da kakanninmu.

The yaƙi, a wannan wando

A waje rubuta kafofin har da 10th karni AD, akwai ba ta ambaci na yadda za a duba Slavic da kuma Rasha tufafi. Wannan ba da aka rubuta kuma Byzantine mawallafa, kuma bã Larabawa kafofin. Kawai P. Kesarsky da aka ambata a cikin shida karni cewa Slavs (daga Balkans) tafi in yi yaƙi a cikin wannan style wando taqaitaccen, ba tare da alkyabbar ko zilaikar saman. Daga baya, a lokacin da Slavs samu wani sabon bambance-bambancen da aka rubuta da harshen, da masana kimiyya a kan tushen da aka rubuta kafofin suna da damar sanin yadda za kyau kalle cewa lokaci mutane, akalla mafi mashawarta daga gare su.

Sarakuna sa a shirt

Abin da sun kasance wadanda a karkashin wanda iko ne tsoho Rus? Clothing Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych aka nuna a hoton a Izbornik 1073, yana mai sauki yanke. Yana mai tsawo, a kasa da gwiwa, a shirt, wanda zobe a kan saman gashi da wani zik din a kafada. A kan shugaban yarima ta hat, mai yiwuwa tare da Jawo shi datsa a kan kafafu pointy takalma. 'Yan iyalinsa, a tsaye kusa da, saka a shirt daura da belts. Matar Svyatoslav shirt kusan zuwa bene, ta shugaban wuya. Yara tufafi a kan wani karamin yaro ne a dada kwafin na balagaggun. Yaroslav 'ya'yan sa kama dasu da ƙuƙumma da, mafi m, su ne ake kira "mashigai" - m kunkuntar wando da kirtani a kan kwatangwalo. Wardrobe abubuwa a cikin hoton ana fentin a wani m-kasa-kasa sautin.

Tufafi da aka sanya a kan wani loom

Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa haske tufafi Kiev Rus a cikin taro ya kasance fari, tun prehistoric sau Slavic tufafi abubuwa samar daga Rama da hemp zaruruwa wanda ya ba da fari (grayish ko a lokacin da kasa bleaching). Tuni a cikin 6-9 ƙarni kabilan Arewa Rasha san abin da loom na tsaye type, kuma a kudu samu abubuwa na zuwa shekaru daban-daban 9-10, wanda ya yi shaida game da damar da za su yi aiki a kan wani kwance loom.

Bugu da kari ga likkafanin lilin, kuma hemp yadudduka, Slavs rayayye amfani da ulu, ragowar wanda aka samu a cikin binne mounds na Gabas. Bugu da kari, saboda da yanayin halaye na babbar shahararsa dadin Jawo tufafi. Teloli na lokaci ya riga yana da ikon dinka tare mahara konkoma karãtunsa fãtun for abubuwa manyan. Don "gashi" kerkẽci konkoma karãtunsa fãtun sun sau da yawa, beyar, da tumaki, da karewa (rufi) da aka yi na Sable, Otter, dabbar beaver, kurege, weasel, marten. Hakika, a tsada furs tafiya kawai mambobi ne na nobility. A Rasha, sun kasance iya rike dabbobi daban daban da kuma fata (tanning shuka abubuwa, da dai sauransu ..), Saboda haka ta maza tufafi a Rasha hada da gwiwa ɗamararku, safar hannu da kuma fata takalma (ga wasu mambobin na yawan). Slavs sau da yawa sa fata daga boyewa na shanu ko awaki fiye da daga doki boyewa.

Ko da a cikin sanyi weather ne wata ila don sa sandals

Abin da aka shod Ancient Rus? Clothes sanya na halitta kayan, mafi yawan jama'a a nan a cikin sanyi kakar ... supplemented Bast takalma da kuma windings a kan kafafu, wanda su ne mafi tsufa da irin takalma (a lokacin rani ne m je m). Special hooks for saƙa Bast archaeologists sami wani Neolithic site, don haka mafi kusantar, wadannan model kasance Slavs da tsoho Slavs. Lapti qirqiro matsayin sa ran daga cikin haushi daban-daban itatuwa da suka sosai neiznosostoykimi. A wani daga baya lokacin, an gano cewa mutumin sa sandals a cikin hunturu kwanaki goma, da kuma lokacin bazara girbi kakar - kasa da mako guda. Duk da haka, a irin takalma tafi har ma da Red Army a 30s na karni na 20th, da kuma workpiece Bast soja dalilai abar kulawa da wani kwamiti na musamman - "Chekvolap".

A cikin Haikali - kawai a Slavic tufafin!

Slavs, wanda aka sanaki tsoho Rasha (tufafi da takalma da cewa ba su bambanta ba mai girma range), duk da haka m na da sauki tufafi. Alal misali, a cikin "Kalman Danily Zatochnika" ya bayyana cewa, "dã ya kasance mafifi muka gani ƙafarsa a lychenitse (Bast) a cikin gida fiye da a wani duhu ja takalma a kan Boyarsky Dvor". Kuma shugaban Czech Slavs kanta da aka sani cewa bai bari to shi a liyafar bayan da Jamus King Dagobert, har ya canja a cikin Slavic tufafi. A wannan ãƙibar da bishop wakilin Jamus Gerimanna cewa kafin zuwa ziyarci haikali a garin Triglav bristle, ya canja a cikin Slavic alkyabbar kuma hat (1124 BC. E.).

Mata sun yaushe ƙaunar kayan ado

Game da kama mata tufafi a Rasha a farkon haihuwar Rasha statehood, archaeologists wuya ce. Ana tsammanin cewa a style shi ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin maza shirt, amma aka watakila mafi richly ado da kuma daina. A kai mata sun prototypes na corbel, boko zobba a wuyansa - sau da yawa blue ko kore gilashin beads. Kadan na kowa ne mundaye, da ƙawane. A cikin hunturu, Ladies sa Jawo dasu kuma capes da kirtani, kamar aprons - "ponyavy" cewa kare ƙananan jiki da baya da kuma bangarorin biyu. Su gaban da aka rubuta a cikin 11th karni AD.

Rinjayar sauran jihohin

Kamar yadda masu tasowa na lambobi tsakanin sauran kasashe da jihohi na Ancient Rus, da Slavs tufafi ya zama mafi bambancin da sabon yadudduka, styles na zane da rabo daga al'umma a cikin daban-daban yadudduka. Alal misali, a pre-Mongolian Rasha (shekaru 10-13) Bayyanar Rasha know more Byzantine corresponded tare da dogon hadisai gudãna shirts, dasu da clasps. Kuma da na kowa mutane, musamman mata, da wadannan trends alama "gaba-gaba" - mai sauki yanki na zane, folded a cikin rabin, da wani rami ga shugaban, wanda ya sa a kan asali shirt da ya rataya (gefe seams a gaba-gaba ba). A holidays Ladies sun "navershniki" ado masana'anta, wadda gaba-gaba da aka sawa a kan shirt ko taguwoyi, kuma ya wakilci ba tare da bel da fadi da hannayen riga. Kusan duk da tufafi da Kievan Rus aka sawa a kan kai kuma yana da nasa abin wuya (karya).

Clothing Mongol warriors

Tatar-Mongol mamayewa bar wani wajen samo a cikin filin na kayan al'adu, wanda ya rinjayi hanyar abin da ya tufafi a Rasha a gaba karni. Mutane da yawa abubuwa tufafi Mongolian sojoji sun sa'an nan a Rasha maza, ciki har da takalma da ji safa da earflaps hat, gashi na biyu yadudduka na Jawo (external da ciki), Akamaru ta gashi, skullcap (Tafi), sashes, belts da sauransu.

A daban-daban tufafi daga tufafinsa Moscow Rus Kievan Rus?

Tufafi na 15th karni a lokacin da Tatar-Mongol karkiya da aka kifar, kuma Rasha ta zama cikin Moscow sarauta, shi ya canza daidai da shekaru, amma yafi ga boyars, manyansu da kuma townspeople. A wannan lokaci, da kwat da wando rike da ainihin fasali na wani kwat da wando na Kievan Rus - shirt da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa na maza neotreznoy yanke tufafi abubuwa, babba tsawon, amma akwai alamun sabon fashion. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, za a iya dangana ga gaban cloakrooms lilo tufafi. A mata, shi unzips zuwa kasa ga maza - daga kugu up da aka kawota a karon farko runguma "butt" ta wajen hinjis fil. Daga baya ya kafa tsarin kula da dama daga saman bene zuwa hagu, anta ya saukaka irin fasteners for maza saber fadace-fadace.

Karya hannayen riga da kõre da mai walƙiya a cikin zinariya

Kusa da wannan lokaci, akwai basa aiki abubuwa a cikin tufafi na nobility. Wadannan sun hada da Multi-frame nadawa ƙuƙumma da hannayen riga, wanda, misali a kan ohabne, daura a baya, yana jaddada cewa mai shi daga cikin tufafinsa ba tsunduma a nauyi aiki. Rich mutane zai iya sa 'yan yadudduka da tufafi, ko da a cikin zafi kakar. A daidai wannan tufafi abubuwa da aka sau da yawa gaba daya lazimta da ƙulli. A karshen ya kai ga gaskiya cewa tufafi kasance mai yawa abubuwa na kayan ado matakin, ciki har da kayan ado na lu'u-lu'u, da duwatsu masu daraja, embroidered da zinariya da azurfa waya, mashiga sanya na zinariya, da azurfa, da duwatsu masu daraja enamel.

Yana da aka Rasha tufafi na lokaci da kuma abubuwa da zai jaddada wasu ko wasu kaddarorin da siffar. Wadannan sun hada da kugu jakar jaka ( "Kalita"), wanda da rundunõninsu, sun kasance a kugu da wani siriri adadi da kuma boyars - a kan kwatangwalo tare da wani gagarumin zoba da tufafi, saboda cikar wannan yanayi mai daraja sosai sosai a matsayin wata ãyã daga cikakken rai.

Kama yara lalacewa lokaci, da Moscow Rasha - shi ne ba a sani ba. Mafi m, shi ya sake wani Sauki kwafin na balagaggun model. Amma Ladies 'fashion na lokaci samfurori yi wahayi zuwa gare yawa artists don ƙirƙirar kyau Masterpieces (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). A zuciya na dukan tufafi sake sa a shirt, mika zuwa ƙasa saboda da wedges (nisa zai iya isa kasa har zuwa 6 mita!). Yana da aka yi na auduga ko siliki yadudduka (talakawa mutane - a sake daga flax) da kuma tattara ta wuyansa.

Gaye kwat da wando ... yin la'akari a at 15 kilo

A kan shirt da aka sawa sundress Brightcloth ado yadudduka da a tsaye stripe a tsakiyar, wanda aka gudanar kan kunkuntar sau da yawa daura da madauri, kuma a karkashin ƙirji. Top mata tufafi a cikin 16th karni, Rasha da aka wakilta "dushegreya" na m yadudduka da cewa an kuma gudanar a kan kafadu madauri. A cikin kwanaki na Moscow Rasha Ladies ci gaba da sa tsofaffin tufafi abubuwa -. Skirts, gaba-gaba, gaba-gaba, da dai sauransu Wakilai na arziki iyalan sa "Letnik", sau da yawa tare da dabbar beaver kwala abun wuya, telogreyu Jawo. Daga huluna shahararsa dadin "shura" - rufe da wani zane kunsa da kokoshnik, a cikin hunturu - hula tare da datsa. noblewoman tufafin da aka kusan ko da yaushe nepritalennymi sewn daga tsada yadudduka da yawa embroideries, kuma da nauyi zai iya isa har zuwa 15 kilo. A wannan garb lady ya da wani a tsaye, har, jera monumental adadi, wanda yayi dace da fashion kuma norms na hali na lokaci.

17th karni tufafi a Rasha a general ya kasance kamar tufafi na baya ƙarni, amma akwai kuma wasu sabon gyara. Wadannan sun hada da shiga cikin Vogue m hannayen riga, puckered a wuyan hannu a mata tufafin, tartsatsi shushunov - sundresses, to wanda raya sewn karya ne biyu dogon hannayen riga. Masana tarihi sun lura da cewa, tun lokacin da 17th karni zo da fashion don ado tsiri kalmasa sundress da bacewar daga gaban zane. Harkokin waje fashion Rus a wannan lokaci da abin ya shafa da kananan shahararsa dadin kawai sabon yadudduka da mutum abubuwa, kamar Yaren mutanen Poland gashi. Ya kamata a lura cewa Rasha jama'a ne rayayye saɓa wa gabatarwar Bitrus da Great a farkon 18th karni, "German" fashion, kamar yadda samarwa kayayyaki, hairstyles da kuma rayuwa ba daidai da ƙarni-tsohon hanyar da yayi a Rasha tufafi.