Gaz-46: Bayani dalla-dalla da kuma bayanin

Gorky Automobile Shuka samar da yawa cars cancanci ƙwaƙwalwar na zamaninsu. Ban sha'awa sun tushe model, da kuma dogara ne a kan su cikin na'ura for daban-daban dalilai. M kira bayar kan Gaz-69 Jeep Gaz-46 "Amphibian".

Fage na

A gwaninta daga cikin yakin duniya na biyu ya nuna karfi da kuma kasawan na Soviet soja kayan aiki, kazalika da gibba a cikin halittar. Shawagi mota da aka ba a cikin sojojin.

Samu a karkashin ara-haya hudu-dabaran-drive Ford GPA amphibian da shida wheeled manyan motoci DUKW yuwuwa mararraba na kogin a Gabashin Turai a lokacin m sovestskih sojoji a Nazi Jamus.

Hakika, wannan dabara da aka dauka a kan wani rubutu, kuma nan da nan bayan da yaki a cikin dogon lokacin da shirin sake tare da sauran hada duka biyu fasinja da kuma sufurin kaya Gators.

Da farko sha'awar a cikin kwamandan soja ta hur mota iya inganta ruwa cikas da kuma motsa a cikin wannan kungiya tare da sulke da motocin.

Cargo DUKW shi ne na farko samfur na ZIS-485 - manyan mota waterfowl (Bas). Analogue iyo SUV Ford GPA, kuma ya kasance a kan lokaci, da Gaz-46 mota na Mauritius Kananan natatorial.

Tarihi na iyo mota

A soja sun kasance haka sha'awar irin wannan fasahar da cewa shi ne riga a 1948 Research Engine Institute (nami) ya fara a madadin kwamitin ministoci da kuma ma'aikatar mota da kuma tarakta masana'antu ci gaba halittar dabba mai kafafuwa bisa wani kyau dandali SUV Gaz-67. The sharuddan tunani da aka ambata game da fasahar, don tsara kai da ƙasa da tẽku, ƙungiya da kuma ɓarna da gangan kungiyoyin na shida mutane ko 500 kg na kaya, towing a kan ruwa haske Trailers, pontoons da sauran iyo wurare da aka yi amfani da aikin injiniya da dakarun.

A farko model aka kira nami-011, haƙĩƙa, sun shige interdepartmental gwaje-gwaje da kuma aka bada shawarar ga tallafi ga dakarun, duk da cewa da zane ya danye.

Production na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa aka caje Gorky. Shuka kwararru sun yi yawa canje-canje a zane, inganta wasan kwaikwayon na na'ura, don haka har zuwa makanikai da Gaz-67.

Daga shekarar 1951 zuwa 1953, da farko tsari na karfe shiga cikin sojojin da ake kira Gaz-011 da kuma haka shirya soja cewa akwai tsanani a tasowa, da kuma aiwatar da ingantattun mota Gaz-46, wanda ya dauki la'akari da comments to baya model da kuma shafe mafi yawansu da shortcomings.

Darasinsa tsanani da rikici, da tashi shugabannin, canza shugabanci, amma a karshen, wani sabon mota dogara ne a kan mafi zamani Gaz-69 da aka saki.

Abin takaici, shi samar amphibious dogon kafin karshen hamsin, saboda a farkon postwar shekarun da suka gabata, ya canza ba kawai fasahar amma kuma wani dabara na yaƙi, da kuma haske Gators ya zama dole ba. Bugu da kari, da samar da tushe na Gaz-69 da aka kira da Ulyanovsk Automobile Shuka, inda ba shi yiwuwa, don samar da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa don zalla sarrafawa dalilai.

description halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Buoyancy waterfowl inji samar da wani welded karfe gidaje a cikin firam na akwatin profiles. Shasi da kuma watsa kasance daga Gaz-69, da kuma cikin engine - daga mota "Pobeda" Gaz-M20.

Canja wuri da hali an ƙarin shaft ga da propeller da uku ruwan wukake, kare da lalacewa daga kasa iko baka. Faifai da igiyoyi shigar a kan tuƙi shafi a haɗa shi da ruwa dabaran, wanda aka sanya a cikin wani ruwa jet halitta da dunƙule.

ya yiwu su runtse kadan matsa lamba don inganta giciye a kan silty ƙasa hula, tare da tsoro ba cewa ƙafafun buga da ruwa. All wayoyi da aka kafa tare da shãfe haske lantarki haši, ba ya bukatar karin kariya da kuma rabawa, tun da shi ne gaba daya shãfe haske.

Shigar a gaban mota gargadi haske don sarrafa ingress ruwa a cikin riƙe. A cikin foredeck Gaz-46 samu zanen wuya da kuma tailpipe. Duk da haka, da amo daga zanen wuya ya da karfi da cewa unmasked mota. A daya hannun baka bene located wuyansa tank iya aiki, Ina nufin idan ya cancanta don ƙara yawan man fetur ko abin wuta da man fetur tank iya zama kai tsaye a kan ruwa.

Housing iyo mota

Housing Gaz 46 pontoon irin kafa ba tare da windows, ne zuwa kashi uku compartments ta gangara katangu. The baka daki ne engine-watsa daki. A tsakiyar daki ne a Matuka jirgin ƙungiya da kuma fasinjoji bayan ne kaya daki.

A kan hanci located changeover na gagara farantin wanda aka tashe kafin shiga cikin ruwa. Yana hana "binne" da hanci a cikin ruwa, kare iska ci don sanyaya mota da kuma tsakiyar daki daga ruwa.

Dake tsakanin fitilolin mota ga tsayawarta bollard amphibian a kan ruwa da kuma capstan domin ceto alama.

Wajen jiki, liba saka tura absorbers. A na baya babba dandali suya kayayyakin dabaran.

Cab Gaz-46

gida zane, idan a wannan hali shi ne ya dace domin m definition of spartan sauki kamar yadda amphibian da aka tsara a kan umarnin da soja. Comfort ga ko dai ƙungiya ko fasinjoji da aka ba bayar. Kuma a general, shi ya ga rajista na mota Gaz-46, wajen kamar wani jirgin ruwa. A kayan aiki panel aka gaba daya aro daga Gaz-69. Transmission levers da dama na direba. Baka sabon abu siffar da pedals ne kusa da juna don tabbatar da shi a matsayin karamin kamar yadda zai yiwu fasaha ramukan ta hanyar abin da ruwa zai iya shigar da riƙe. Gilashin motan frame aka sanya a kan kaho na fasinja daki za a iya rufe tarpaulin.

A gaban jere na kujerun kunshi biyu kujeru: ga shugaban da direba. Bayan su shigar da sau uku benci ba tare da sabawa.

A taksi sauƙi na tabbatarwa ne makãmashin tace.

engine halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Gorky amfani da su Gaz-46 injuna na wannan iyali, wanda aka bayar a factory bayan yakin duniya na II. Su fetur (man fetur za a iya amfani da ko da tare da wani Octane lambar 66), hudu-bugun jini Otto, wani juz'i daga 2.1 lita.

A Motors 20 da M-gas-69 ne kusan m, a tsarin da kuma sauran girma. Gaz-69 da damar 55 lita. s., domin waterfowl inji shi ne mafi dace domin sanye take da wani mai sanyaya, wanda ba ya bukatar hurawa iska a high gudu, wanda suke gunawa lokacin da motsi a cikin ruwa.

Engine ikon da "Win", wanda shi ne tushe, ba yawa ƙananan - 52 lita. wani.

Saboda engine ya iska damar da aka iyakance, zafi exchangers a seawater sanyaya kewaye suna bayar daga farkon don sanyaya ikon shuka.

M20 kungiyar da injuna kasance haka abin dogara da kuma sa-resistant, shi ne har yanzu gudu a kan mazan inji. Su ne sauki kula, tabbatarwa da kuma gyara, amma a nan wurin da za a shigar a cikin kunkuntar da kuma zurfin bay sa shi imperceptible girma a Gaz-46.

transmission halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Vehicle sanye take da wani uku-mataki manual watsa tare da uku watsa rabo giya 3.115, 1.772 da kuma 1.0, bi da bi, kuma a mayar da - 3.738. Transfer harka - dual-mataki, tare da kaya rabo daga 1.15 da kuma 2,78. A kaya rabo a kan conical babban watsa tare da wani helical hakori - 5.125, a kan tuƙi inji, wanda ya globoid tsutsa da biyu nadi - 18,2.

Kama - bushe guda farantin. Chocks, aikin - a kan dukkan hudu ƙafafun da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive daga pedals, parking - zuwa watsa tare da manual inji drive.

Fasaha halaye na da Gaz-46 mota

Janar bayanai kashe-hanya:

- yawan wurare: 5 ko 2 + 500 kg.

- nauyi: 1,85 ton ba tare da kaya;

- girma na tsawon × nisa × tsawo (kaho ne): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 m.

- WB: 2.3 m.

- kasa yarda a karkashin axles (cikakken load): 210 mm.

- juya radius a kan mafi doguwar part - 6.5 m.

Overland Gaz 46 yana a saman gudun 90 km / h, talakawan - 48 km / h, ga ruwa - 9 km / hour.

Babbar Hanya man fetur amfani ne 17 lita 100 km, idan tafiya a cikin ruwan da ake bukata fetur 16,5 lita awa daya a kan ƙasar ikon ajiye - 500 km, da ninkaya - 6 hours. Don shawo kan ramuka, da abin hawa ba m, gangara samuwa a gare shi - 60%.

New rai na tsohon halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Domin fiye da rabin karni da ya wuce tun da saki da latest inji, tsatsa-fi a kan ribace-ribace na soja raka'a motoci tafi domin ya da, amma godiya magoya retromobiles wasu daga cikinsu sabon rai da aka bai.

Yau ra'ayi Notes da kyau na jiki da kuma ta lafiya. Duk da haka dai, a kan dawo da daukan wani lokaci kadan kuma kokarin. Amma da engine aka canja zuwa mafi iko da "Volga" gas 24/31. 46th Gaz da kaya weighs fiye da biyu da rabin ton, da kuma M20 engine ga shi an dauke rauni. Duk da haka, su kwantar da wani zamani fetur engine rasa wannan iska a riƙe, aiki mafi kyau a irin wannan yanayi da dizal. Bar kwararru 'yan qasar manual watsa, razdatku, dunƙule, gadoji, capstan, wani famfo don yin famfo ruwa da kuma kayan (!). Ko da yake gadoji ba tare da tarewa na yanzu direbobin ba su sani ba, canza su a kan soja. Ƙafafun, tabbas yanzu ma ba su sami, don haka kafa wani "m zumunta" - UAZ.

Amphibian kasashen waje

Fans of iyo motoci da dukan duniya. A karin misalin mai aukuwa ne ake bukata-Trarbach (Jamus), a watan Agusta 2014, a lokacin da kogin Moselle amphibian masu taru a motocin su. Sai suka gudanar da zanga-zangar da kuma a kan hanyoyi, da kuma kogin lõkacin saukarsa.

A lokacin da ya gabata na dade da wannan biki bikin da kuma fasaha da tunani. Yana da aka samu halartar game da sittin daban-daban da motoci, ciki har da musamman gida-sanya amphibious.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mafi yawan shi an taba iyo SUV Ford GPA (akwai goma sha huɗu), wanda aiki a matsayin samfur ga Gaz-46. Photo ya tabbatar da wannan dangantaka ko da a yau. A saman hoton Ford, da kuma a kasa da iyo Rasha SUV (akwai biyar, a wata ganawa). Af, wannan ya DUKW manyan motoci da kuma Porsche Schwimmwagens, ya halarci yakin duniya na biyu Wehrmacht sojojin.

model halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Gaz-46 da aka girmama karkashin lambar 100 a shigar da tarin model na Rasha kimiyya da ilimi da mujallar game da Soviet motoci "Avtolegendy da Tarayyar Soviet." A littafin da aka sadaukar domin daya model, an buga sau biyu a wata, kuma sun ha] a maƙala ne kwafin wani haraji mota, sanya a sikelin 1: 43 a kasar Sin ta Italian kamfanin DeAgostini. The bayyana buga gudu ya 120,000 kofe. Duhu kore inji ga irin wannan sikelin isa daki-daki aiki fita a daki-daki, amma masana sun ce ƙafafun ba a cikin model gida, da kuma Ganĩma bayyanar da alfarwa. A tsarin da aka rushe a sassa hudu: jiki, ciki, kasa da kuma mafi unsightly alfarwa.

Sanya model na amphibian a cikin wannan sikelin da kuma a cikin bitar "Ural Falcon" a Yekaterinburg, ba kawai kore, amma kuma mafi ado launuka, kamar blue ko ja.

Gaz-46 kudi samar har zuwa karshen shekarar 1958, kuma yana da wani gyare-gyare, ya zauna a cikin sabis don a shekara talatin, ko da yake a matsayin wani bincike motocin riga an yi amfani da BRDM. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suke a sabis pontoon gada regiments da ferrying Airborne battalions ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a cikin kasashen na da Warsaw yarjejeniya. Shi ba a san yadda da yawa motoci a kan hanya a yau, amma sun kasance, yadda ya kamata kula masu kawo a kama kifi ko farauta da ne batu na istinbadi girman kai, shiga a cikin nuni na musamman kayan aiki.