Genri Longfello: Biography da Works

Creativity Henry Longfellow san wani fiye ko žasa da ilimi mutum. Ya romantic shayari - mai haske page a wallafe-wallafen Amirka da kuma al'adu. Mun bayyana yadda ya samo asali da rabo daga cikin mawãƙi, wanda na da wani tasiri a kan aikinsa, kuma abin da littattafai ka bukatar karanta kowane marubuci.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma asalin

A nan gaba mawãƙi Genri Longfello aka haife kan Fabrairu 27, 1807 a Portland , Maine. Iyalinsa zo daga Yorkshire. Henry ta kakanninsu suka ga Amurka a cikin 17th karni, da kuma bin wani m Puritan views. A cikin karamin gari na Portland, Longfellow iyali dadin babban daraja. The mahaifin na gaba marubuci ya lauya, memba na majalisar wakilan kuma bayar da iyalinsa mai gima.

Henry ta yarantaka ya rayu a yalwace, kuma zai iya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga ayukan hutu. Ya sosai dreamy da impressionable yaro. Da yaron ya ji matuƙan a tashar jiragen ruwa ce a Spain, Faransa, Italiya, da wasu zaton ƙasashe masu nisa da mafarkin na tafiya da kuma kasada. Ya karanta abubuwa da yawa, musamman m na Washington Irving. Yana yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar da American romance Longfellow fara kokarin kanka a wakoki. Tuni a cikin shekaru 13, Henry wallafa farko waqe a cikin gida birnin jarida.

samuwar

Firamarensa Genri Longfello, wanda biography aka dangantawa da Portland a farkon shekaru in ƙasarsa ta gari. Bayan da ya tafi zuwa Boudensky College, Harvard University, inda ya yi karatu tare da nan gaba na fice American marubuci, romantic Nathaniel Hawthorne.

A 1825, Henry sauke karatu daga kwalejin, kuma aka miƙa post na farfesa zamani harsuna. Domin wuce a wasan share fage jarrabawa, Longfellow tafi babban Turai yawon shakatawa da cewa ya dade har shekara uku. Ya yi tattaki zuwa Italiya, Faransa, Spain, Ingila, inda warai karatu adabi da kuma harsuna. Bayan da ya kasance a shirye don fara koyarwa.

Kimiyya da kuma koyarwa

A 1829, Genri Uodsuort Longfello, wanda biography ya ko da yaushe aka hade da adabi da kuma tafi yi aiki a Bowden College. Bayan shekaru 6, sai aka kira su zuwa ga wani professorship a Jami'ar Harvard. By hadisin Longfellow farko tafi zuwa Turai, inda ya inganta shi skills a lokacin shekara. Sa'an nan, ya ke aiki a Jami'ar Harvard.

A tsawon shekaru koyarwarsa, Henry ya ci gaba da dama da muhimmanci daga kimiyya ra'ayi, babban Darussan kan Turai adabi, ya kuma buga da dama fassarorin daga cikin ayyukan Spanish wallafe-wallafe. The University Longfellow gudanar har 1854, tare da koyarwa, ya tsunduma a wallafe-wallafen aiki.

kira

Cravings ga adabi, Henry Longfellow dandana a samartaka. Da farko gwaje-gwajen sun poetic, amma daga baya ya dabbled a litattafan. A cikin matasa, ya rubuta da yawa daga shayari, amma kuwa shi ne kawai dalibi gwaje-gwajen. A matsayin dalibi na Henry sau da yawa ya aiko a mujallu da jaridu, kuma ko da da shayari buga. A cikin duka, a lokacin da wannan lokaci ya buga game da 40 kananan waqe. Ya kwaikwayo na tafiya zuwa Turai Longfellow kayyade a litattafan, shi ne wata irin tafiya dayare, da ake kira "Pilgrimage daga cikin teku." Wannan aikin da aka buga a 1835. Amma duk da haka Longfellow aka haife mawãƙi, don haka ƙarshen 1830s ya fara rubuta wakoki na musamman.

halittar

A farko da aka sani zuwa ga mawãƙi zo bayan buga da waka "A Zabura of Life", da samfurin butulci lyrics. Tun da marigayi 30s, ya kai a kai wallafa tarin wakoki, wanda bayar a barga rayuwa na daraja na marubucin. Henry Longfellow, wanda ayoyinsa za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin, ya tafi daga kasancewa copycat da kuma romance to girma marubucin da haske dan kasa.

Sashe na daga cikin ayyukan da mawãƙi - wannan fassara da imitations na Turai marubuta. Ya fassara a cikin harshen Turanci, "The Divine Comedy" by Dante, kuma shi ne mai real fitacciyar. Wannan kungiyar hada yawa ballads Longfellow gargajiya Turai batutuwa.

Na biyu kungiyar na ayyukan Genri Longfello - a falsafa lyrics tare da kadan inuwa didacticism. Yana hada da, misali, aiki na "Birds", "A muryoyin na dare", "Iris" da sauransu.

Na uku kungiyar na ayoyin da mawãƙi - shi ne ya gwajen a kan halittar kasa almara, da suka hada da shahararrun "Song of Hiawatha" da "Evangeline". Tsaya daga guda Longfellow kishin inganta ideas 'yanci da kuɓuta daga kangin na bayi. A cikin 40s da yawa Amurka kasida da hannu a cikin abolitionist motsi, da motsi na da abolition na bauta, amma Henry bambanta kansa a cikin wannan topic ne yawa fiye da karami da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki.

A lokacin da ya wallafa wani aiki Longfellow saki 15 littattafai na shayari, kazalika 'yan mutum waqe da waqe. Har ila yau a cikin wasiyya akwai fassarori da yawa, kuma mãdalla da anthology na Turai shayari.

"The Song of Hiawatha"

Duk da haka, domin jikokin babban rabo na Genri Longfello - "The Song of Hiawatha." Wannan waka da aka buga a 1855, ta poetic girma aro "Kalevala" almara daga cikin shahararrun Karelian. A mãkirci aka ɗauke ta daga ayyukan 'yan ƙasar Amirka Indian Legends. A mawãƙi ya gaya wa cosmogonic camfin da yan asali, ya nẽmi ƙirƙirar kasa American epics kamar Scandinavian "Edda". The aiki ne impeccable poetic tsari da kuma ladabi da style. Yau, "The Song of Hiawatha" - wani classic na wallafe-wallafen Amirka.

Personal rai

A mawãƙi Henry Longfellow, wanda biography ake dangantawa da adabi, ya cin nasara a cikin ayyukansu, amma ba sosai farin ciki a rayuwa. A karo na farko ya auri classmate Fanny a 1831. The biyu zauna tare domin kawai 4 years. Matarsa mutu a lokacin da hadin gwiwa tafiya zuwa Turai. Daga wannan aure ya kasance 1 yaro. Henry aure a karo na biyu a 1843. The aure ya farin ciki, ma'auratan da aka haife 5 yara. Amma a 1861, matarsa mutu takaici, a cikin wuta. Wannan m rauni na dogon lokaci kawo Henry daga balance. A karshe shekaru na mawãƙi fama da rheumatism, amma ya ci gaba da aiki. Ya mutu a kan Maris 24, 1882 a Cambridge.