"Going ga mutane" - motsi na neman sauyi kawo dukkan a Rasha

"Going ga mutane" - wani sabon abu da babu irinta a kowace kasa daga cikin duniya. Agrarian Rasha ba girgiza da bourgeois juyin juya halin. A kan autocracy da serfdom up mafi kyau wakilan da nobility. The manoma da aka 'yanta a kan garambawul na 1861, wanda ta haifa da rabin-zuciya hali, wanda ya sa su ke damunsu. Revolutionary commoners dauki baton, to yi imani da yiwuwar cimma gurguzanci ta hanyar wani baƙauye tawaye. A labarin da aka kishin da motsi na m masana, don ilmantar da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci farfaganda a tsakanin mutane.

prehistory

Sun mutane daga tsakiyar aji gudu zuwa ilimi, amma faduwar 1861 aka alama ta wani karuwa a koyarwa kudade. Su da aka dakatar da juna taimako don taimaka matalauta dalibai. Tarzoma ta barke violently mur da hukumomi. Gwagwarmaya ba kawai cire daga jami'a, amma kuma ya jefa fita daga rayuwa, domin ba su kai na jama'a da sabis. A. I. Gertsen kira da wadanda "talala na kimiyya." A buga a kasashen waje "Bell" mujallar, ya tambaye su, su je "da mutane."

Saboda haka spontaneously fara "faruwa ga mutane." Wannan motsi ya girma a cikin wani taro a farkon '70s, samun musamman har a lokacin rani na 1874. A kira ta samu goyon bayan wani juyin juya halin Musulunci sharhi P. L. Lavrovym. A cikin "Historical Haruffa" ya nuna bukatar "biya bashin da mutane."

akida inspirers

By lokacin shi kafa utopian ra'ayin da yiwuwar wani baƙauye juyin juya halin a Rasha, wata nasara da za ta kai ga gurguzanci. Ta magoya bayan kira populists, saboda sun yi magana game da musamman ci gaban kasar, idealizing da baƙauye ƙungiya. A dalilan "faruwa ga mutane" ƙarya a mika wuyansu da bangaskiyar commoners a cikin correctness wannan ka'idar. A juyin juya halin Musulunci akidar bambanta uku igiyoyin (makirci ne da aka nuna dan kadan sama).

Anarchist M. A. Bakunin yi imani da cewa mutane suna shirye su bore da isasshen roko ga manoma suka ɗauki pitchforks. P. L. Lavrov samarwa "m tunani" masana farko taimaka wa mutane (manoma), na gane su manufa, kawai don tarihi tare. Kawai P. N. Tkachov jãyayya da cewa juyin juya halin da ya kamata a yi da masu sana'a yunkuri na mutane ba, amma ba tare da ya hallara.

"Going ga mutane" populists fara karkashin akida jagorancin Bakunin kuma Lavrov, a lokacin da na farko da ƙungiyoyi da aka halicce - Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg mugs N. V. Chaykovskogo da kuma "Kiev ƙungiya".

The main manufofin

Dubban propagandists tafi wani m kauye a sunan yan kasuwa da kuma sana'a, sana'a ado. Sun yi imani da cewa su kayayyaki zai sa amanar manoma. Tare da su suka kwashe littattafai da kuma promotional roko. Talatin da bakwai da larduna aka rufe da motsi, musamman aiki - Saratov, Kiev da Upper Volga. Sifar burin na "za mutanen" hada da wadannan maki:

• A binciken da baƙauye moods.
• Farfaganda na gurguzu ideas.
• kungiyar na tawaye.

A lokaci na farko (har zuwa tsakiyar 1874) ya kira da "tashi farfaganda", kamar yadda yunkuri, dogaro da karfi kafafu, motsa daga wannan yarjejeniya zuwa wani, ba tare da tsayawa na dogon lokaci. A cikin 2 nd rabin na 70, na biyu lokaci - "sedentary farfaganda." Populists zauna a kauyuka, bauta a matsayin likitoci da malamai, ko sana'a, musamman Mastering dabarun da suka kamata.

sakamakon

Maimakon goyon bayan juyin juya-hali ya gana da kãfirci. Ko da a cikin Lower Volga, wanda da ya zama da rai da al'adar Emelyan Pugachev da Stepan Razin. Farmers shirye don su saurari jawabai game da bukatar ka bangare da komai a fili kadarori da kuma yarjejeniyoyin da haraji, amma da zaran ya zo kira ga fitina, amfani waned. The kawai real ƙoƙari a tawayen yayi "Chigirinsky hadin kai" a 1877, da m danniya na autocracy. Sau da yawa 'yan kyauyen kansu shige propagandists Gendarmerie. A cikin shekaru shida zuwa 2564 da bincike da aka kõma mutum.

A zanen Ilya Repin a 1880 aka kama lokacin da ya kama wani farfagandar a baƙauye ta bukka. Babban alama shi ne yanayin da wallafe-wallafe. A hoto a fili ya nuna abin da sakamako na "za mutane." Wannan ya kai ga m danniya. A mafi yawan aiki da aka dan kaso a St. Petersburg a 1878. Kotun gangara a tarihi a matsayin "The aiwatar da ɗaya da ɗari casa'in da uku", a cikin abin da game da mutum ɗari da mutane da aka yankewa hukuncin zaman gudun hijira da kuma naƙudarta.

A tarihi muhimmanci

Me motsi na neman sauyi matasa ƙare rushewar? Daga cikin manyan dalilan da za a iya ambata:

• Unavailability na peasantry neman sauyi juyi.
• Rashin sadarwa da kuma janar management.
• A ferocity na 'yan sanda.
• Rashin masu yada basira hadin kai.

Don abin da ƙarshe ya sa a cikin wani m "faruwa ga mutane"? Yana za a iya fahimta daga cikin wadannan abubuwan tarihin. Akwai wani m tashi daga Bakuninism da search for sabon siffofin gwagwarmayar siyasa. Akwai bukatar a hadade kasar kungiyar a cikin yanayi na tsanani halin asiri. Yana za a halitta a 1876 da kuma shekara 2 baya zai sauka a tarihi a matsayin "Land da kuma Freedom".