Fyodor Ivanovich Shubin, sculptor: biography, aikin

Fedot Ivanovich Shubin - a sculptor, haife shi a May 1740 a wani baƙauye iyali. Mahaifinsa, Ivan Arkhangelsk Pomor Afanasyevitch sa kawai wani sunan - fata gashi. Ya kasance ba a serf, ya yi ilimi da kuma da-yanke kashi. Yana da aka ta hanyar da ya darussa da muka samu wani shahararren sculptor Fedot Shubin. Sunansa dan kadan su karkatar da ita daga baya ga kudin shiga ga Academy of Arts.

Yadda ya faru

Fedot Shubin, wani baƙauye ta dan, sculptor, kusan maimaita hanyar babbar countryman University, amma ba tare da tafiyarsu daga cikin zane-zane da kuma kimiyyar, karatu ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a faransa da Italiya, da basira ƙware sassaka marmara. Daga cikin sculptors-hoto ya gaske da aka ba su daidaita. Mahaifinsa ba kawai ya mai wazo mai - yana da lokaci da kuma a kiwon kifi, da kuma arable noma, amma kuma yi aiki tare da uwar lu'u-lu'u da kuma kashi, sassaka fitar da wani da gaske nishadi da kuma ban sha'awa abubuwa.

Kuma malamin ya kasance a fili talented. Shi ya sanar da matasa Lomonosov rubuce-rubuce. Kuma manyan almajiri bai manta da farko shawarta. A 1759, Ivan Afanasievich fata gashi ya rasu, ɗansa kuma ya, matasa, nan gaba Fedot Shubin, sculptor kuma ta haihuwa da kuma ta sadaukarwa, ya tafi zuwa ga wannan kifi wagon jirgin kasa zuwa cikin babban birnin kasar, kusa da countryman Lomonosov. Domin shekaru biyu, saurayin karatu Petersburg, ba a talauci, tun da shi ne sauƙin yanke fan, snuff kwalaye, combs da sauran kayan ado - wa ni'ima daga cikin Ladies. Dismantled da kayayyakin da ko da yaushe son biya sosai.

makarantar kimiyya da

Lomonosov yi murna da rika ɗan da farko malami, da kuma a 1761 Fedotov shiga Academy of Arts. A jerin dalibai da shi ya sanya a ƙarƙashin sabon sunan, sunan Fedotov, da Fedor kuma saboda artist da sauƙi, ya amsa ya ce da sunan Fedot Shubin. Sculptor a da aka asali gani talented, da kuma duk abin da kuma ba ma muhimmanci a gare shi. Ko Count Shuvalov aka mamakin da farko aikin na wani saurayi da shi ma gaugawa patronized. A mafi cewa asali karatu Rasha sculptor Shubin da kuma kasashen waje abubuwa gaggawa. Ya kullum girmama ba kawai yabo daga malamai, amma kuma lambobin yabo.

A 1766 ya haifar da wata Bas-taimako a kan batun, sauran kusa da shi duka - "da kisan Askold da Dir," wanda ba kawai aka bayar da Grand mindar zinariya, amma kuma marubucin samu sirri nobility da farko jami'in rank - "takardar shaidar daga takobi." Abin baƙin ciki, lokaci ya zo mana ba kawai cewa cika Shubin sculptor, da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa, musamman ilimi, an rasa. Saboda haka da yawa nassoshi da kwatancin kyakkyawan Genre statuettes "Oreshnitsa da kwayoyi", "Valdayka tare da dabaran" da sauransu, amma ba za mu gani su tsafi.

Paris

Ƙwazon hali, gaskiya da kuma mai kyau ci gaba Fyodor Shubin, a sculptor, aka pooschron tafiya zuwa Paris a 1767 tare da kungiyar kamar fansho (Fellows) ke zuwa Faransa karkashin jagorancin na Rasha jakadan Golitsyn, wani mutum na haskaka da kuma m, a lover kuma connoisseur na zane-zane, kuma - majiɓinci,. Golitsyn kuma gabatar da Fedor Ivanovich Shubin, a sculptor daga Rasha, tare da shahararrun Diderot, wanda yake aboki, kuma ya shawarci malamai su Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.

Shi ne mai hikima yanke shawara. Saboda Pigalle don ƙirƙirar ba kawai kyau mythological da kamã da jũna qagaggun, wanda Shubin da sculptor aiki ya shiryarwa ba, amma kuma ya halicci wani sosai idon basira hoto busts. Wannan shi ga Shubin ya sabuwar kuma sabo, da kuma daga baya ya kawo shi daraja.

basira horo

Aiki a cikin studio da Pigalle, Fedot Afanasievich hankali kofe da kuma na zamani Faransa sassaka da kayayyakin gargajiya da mutummutumai, da kuma a da dama sculpted Bas-taimako zane-zane ta hanyar Poussin kuma Raphael, da kuma musamman mai yawa da lokaci ya dauki aiki da yanayi.

Kusan kowace yamma Fedor Shubin sculptor fara aikinsa a cikin cikakken sikelin aji na Academy of Fine Arts a Paris, amma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci rasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma a cikin Royal Library, kuma a cikin studio na wani sanannen Faransa sculptor. Wani lokaci sai ya rubuta haruffa game da su irin abubuwan da, da kuma wasu ma yau ba za ka iya karanta, mamaki Student himma baƙauye ta ɗa. Mahaifinsa, Ivan Shubin, a sculptor, kuma, mai yiwuwa cikawa tsinkãya to abin da ya sa ɗansa. Kuma dan yi mai yawa, da yawa. Kuma haka uku shekaru wuce.

Italiya

A shekaru uku da horo a Paris ƙare, amma Fedot wannan ne a fili bai isa ba, sai ya tambayi izni daga Academy don ci gaba da karatu a Roma, kuma ya tafi ya tarye hukumomi. Yana wani lokaci daga cikin mafi nasara halittun. Fyodor Shubin, sculptor, waɗanda ayyukansu gigice har ma mu Sahaban da fasaha da kuma m hoto watsa hali, halitta a 1771, hotuna na Shuvalov da Golitsyn.

Yanzu suna a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Sauran aikin - da fasa na Catherine Mai girma marmara cewa ya juya daga nasara, ko da kuwa bai sanya daga yanayi. Orlov 'yan'uwa, fi so daga cikin Empress, sai nan da nan ya umarci Shubin su hotuna, da kuma sosai da sauri su domin an kashe. Sculptor sassaka da busts a low-key hanya, wanda riga nasara idon basira nufi.

tafiya

A daya batu, duk da haka, ba a zaune Shubin, a 1772 ya hau kan wani zumudi da sanannen shayarwa Demidovs Italiya. A Bologna na tsaya, kuma suka aikata wasu ayyuka a matsayin wani sakamakon daga cikin tsofaffin a Turai Academy Shubin sanya girmamawa Academician, kuma ba shi da wani diploma.

Summer 1773rd Demidov a tafi sculptor a Turai kuma, wannan lokacin a London. Duk da haka Shubin riga sosai gundura da Rasha, a kan hagu haka ba da dadewa, abokai da kuma magoya bayan, kuma haka nan da nan bayan da tafiya da baya zuwa St. Petersburg.

a gida

A 1775 ta zo da haske daya daga cikin mafi girma ayyukan sculptor Shubin. Wannan fasa daga Prince Golitsyn, Catherine m jami'in diflomasiyyar, ilimi manya, wadanda mutane ladabi da nagartaccen, fasaha. Kuma a yau za mu iya la'akari da wannan aikin a filastar a jihar Rasha Museum, kuma a marmara - a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Ta yaya mai girma Shubin ya bayyanar kadan gaji na tsufa mutumin da a kwantar da hankula hankali na magabaci a kan wasu, duka biyu ma'ana da kuma zukatanmu!

folds na tufafi jiragen sama da kuma ze iya motsi, don haka tsauri juyawa daga cikin kafadu da shugaban jami'in diflomasiyyar. Wannan shi ne musamman bayyanannu a cikin marmara. Stone idan numfashi ne samun fita daga cikin master kayan aiki. Falcone kansa yi farin ciki tare da aiki. A shekarar da ta shige, a cikin watan Satumba 1774 da farko, da Academy of Arts aka tilasta karya da kansa shatan. The title of Academician aka ba da artist, idan aikinsa ne ba su ɗauke tarihi ko mythological load. A Shubin ya hoto fasa da Catherine Mai girma a wannan lokaci akwai ba da Genre kuma bã da sauran. Amma da lakabi na Academician da ya samu.

seventies

Wadannan suka hayayyafa shekaru. Yana da aka halitta da yawa hotuna, tare da Shubin yi aiki sosai da sauri: a wata - wata fasa. A sculptor ya zama musamman mashahuri a cikin high jama'a na jama'a, to wannan - a fi so daga cikin Empress. Daga cikin abokan ciniki babu saki. sculptor kallo ya na kwarai, da kuma m - zurfin fantasy ne - inexhaustible. Ya ya iya kowane lokaci a samu wasu sabon mafita - ba daga waje fasali, amma a ciki abun ciki, yanayin da model. Shubin sculptor taba maimaita ta a cikin ayyukan da ya yi.

Duk da high jama'a na St. Petersburg a cikin wadanda shekaru za a iya gani a cikin hotuna. Ga kotun lady Maria Panina. Abin da alherin, abin da ladabi! Kuma abin da girman kai, abin da mai sanyi! Kuma da yawa daga umurnin! Ga Marshal - sanannen kwamandan Rumyantsev. Ba a bit ƙawãta, duk da Roma-drapeable alkyabbar. Kuma mun ga yadda karfi, yadda za gagarumin wannan mutumin. Kuma hoto na shugaban duk masana kimiyya VG Orlova sculptor irony hits da tabo. Shi ne m, da Shubin. Babu dama Orlov gangarawa cikin Academy of Sciences, sai ya ce. Tare da irin wannan mutum! Shi ne ba ko da ambato na wawanci, shi ne gaba daya wawa da kuma girman magana da fuska.

More game da aiki

Wannan fasa siffanta NE Barishnikova arziki industrialists. A viewer iya sani da kuma ba su san, ya iya tsammani da look Thrifty da kuma m kasuwa. Tuni a cikin wadannan farkon shekaru, tun kafin Wanderers, za mu iya magana game da zamantakewa motifs a cikin artist. A hoto na Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Zavadsky, da bambanci, ya nuna duk da tausaya na wani romantic yanayi, har ma da daidaita tare da wannan yanayi - m, mai kuzari. Na musamman sha'awa ne "Vertical na wani Man", wanda, a matsayin alama, mafi m tunani da kuma bukatun da artist bude wani baƙo. A abun da ke ciki shi ne a kwantar da hankula, da yin tallan kayan kawa taushi - duk dace cikin zurfin tunani alamu.

A manya-manyan, za mu iya ce - mai yawa aiki da aka yi Shubin a tsakiyar seventies. Ekaterina Velikaya umurce shi da wani jerin Bas-reliefs, yawan hamsin da takwas, diamita na game da saba'in santimita. Marmara hotuna da aka yi nufi ga Zagaye zauren a Chesma fada, amma yanzu za su iya a kyan gani, a cikin gidan makamai. Su labarun shugabanni da mulki mutum a Rasha - kome daga Rurik zuwa Elizabeth.

eighties

Yanzu da sculptor aka danƙa mai yawa aiki har yanzu ya fi girma, kuma mafi wuya kowane lokaci. Duk da haka, ya yi brilliantly. The taimako da mutummutumai da Marmara Palace, da kabarin na Janar Golitsyn marmara sculptures ga Alexander Nevsky sufi da Triniti Cathedral, amma kawai daya daga Pandora daga babban cascade na Peterhof da daraja wani abu! Amma da hoto busts bai bar. A Kuskovo, Sheremetyev patrimony, za ka iya ganin m aiki na Shubin, wanda aka nuna mai shi na fada.

Shi ne kamar yadda mai kyau a hoto na Janar Michelson, da kuma wani medallion tare da profile na Catherine Mai girma da ta sculptural fasa (duk abin da aka adana a cikin Rasha Museum). Baya tsaye da mutum-mutumi na Empress "trendsetter" a cikin aikin na Shubin, inda ta ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin Minerva. A mutane da kuma high jama'a kasance a kan aiki a cikin ni'ima, amma Empress bai nuna wani dauki - ba kudade, babu gabatarwa sculptor bai samu. Kuma daga wannan lokacin sha'awa cikin kerawa Shubin zama sosai da sauri Fade.

A ƙarshen hanya

Shekara sittin da biyar ya rayu a duniya mai ban mamaki sculptor Shubin. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi kamar wani bayanin wani m hanya, ya sosai a cikin rayuwarsa aiki. A nan a Bologna Shubin - Farfesa Emeritus, kuma a St. Petersburg - bãbu mai da kõme. Kuma wannan yana nufin kawai da abu daya: jira ba wanda fãce ba za ka iya biya ka domin kudi. Kuma da oda da ake zama kasa da rayuwa fiye cewa. Fenta kuma sculptor ba zai taba zama matalauta, kamar yadda kasida da kuma masu kida, sa'an nan bã zã su kasance iya haifar. Tsada sosai Paint goge, canvases. Kuma kamar yadda marmara! Haka kuma da filasta a ...

Shubin cẽto, cẽto da taimakon Prince Potemkin ga Academy of Arts na wurin malami a cikin sassaka aji. Biyu haruffa kasance a amsa ba. Sa'an nan da sculptor jawabi kai tsaye zuwa Empress. Bayan shekaru biyu, da mayar da martani da aka samu da kuma matsayin farfesa ma. Amma ba tare da biyan! A U Shubina babbar iyali, shi dole ne dauke da. Aiki ba ya daina, duk da cewa abin da ya gani zai fara ƙaryatãwa game da shi.

nineties

The ayyukan wadannan shekaru har fiye da eloquently game da sculptor ta iyawa. Da ya taba embellish halitta a cikin ayyukansu, kuma yanzu idon basira images halitta musamman a fili characterizes aikinsa. Wannan shi ne wani hoto na Admiral Chichagova - yadda stale suharom dubi soja! Wannan fasa sybarite Potemkin - ya nuna cewa mai kyau-natured, amma girman kai, girman kai, kusan girman kai. Wannan shi ne wani pedant, shugaban Academy of Arts Betskoi ne magajin garin Chulkov ... hoto na wani sosai, sosai akwai a wannan lokaci.

Recent aiki

Very ma'ana hoto na Lomonosov, wanda Shubin memory halitta a 1792. A da shi babu wani tsari guda gram na officialdom, aza ostentation, shi ne mai sauki da kuma mulkin demokra biyu a tsari da kuma abun da ke ciki, kazalika da a cikin hoto na hankali! Duk da haka, a gaskiya fitacciyar wadannan shekaru ba m hoto na countryman da kuma fasa da sarki sake. Wannan shi ne Paul na - yi girman kai, sanyi, m, a lokaci guda m da wahala. Shubin ya firgita ko ya m, amma Paul wannan aiki sosai. Amma kawai kawai. By 1797 halin da ake ciki Shubin ya zama mai nauyi. Ya yi kira ga makarantar da kuma wa Bulus, sa'an nan, a shekara daga baya, baya a makarantar kimiyya. Na tambayi quite a bit: da breech Apartment tare da kyandirori, kuma makãmashi, saboda babu wani abin da rayuwa. Amsar aka yi shiru a sake.

A 1801, da sculptor gidan ƙone da bita tare da ayyukan - ƙãre ko ba. Duk da haka, babu naushe na rabo ba zai iya yin wannan canji artist kansa. Daya daga cikin mafi yawan 'yan ayyukansu - fasa Alexander Mai girma. A kyau mutum, amma ga dukan kyau sake sanyi, sha'aninsu dabam sake. Wannan aikin da aka adana a cikin Voronezh Regional Museum. Sarkin wannan fasa sculptor ni'imta zobe da wani lu'u-lu'u. Sa'an nan zuga Academy - ya Apartment, da kuma kyandirori. A 1803 riga ya. Ba da da ewa, ta hanyar umurnin da Sarkin sarakuna Shubin da kuma farfesa da wani albashi rababbe. Amma latti. A May 1805 shi ne, ba na ƙwarai sculptor. Mutuwarsa gigice lokacin da babu wanda ba m. Shi ne yanzu ga dukan mu ga ban tausayi rabo daga cikin mutumin kuma wata cũta, kuma m.