Mafi shahara sculptors na duniya da kuma aikinsu. Famous Rasha sculptor

A farko mutum halittun da cewa za a iya kira sassaka bayyana a cikin prehistoric sau, kuma sun kasance gumaka, suka bauta kakanninmu. A cikin shekaru daruruwa da dubban shekaru ma'adanin na sassaka ya kai unprecedented tuddai, da kuma a yau za mu iya ganin real Masterpieces, ko da yaushe ganin darajarsa ta baƙi da kuma wucewa a gidajen tarihi da kuma a kan titunan birane da yawa a cikin duniya. Saboda haka wanda ya shahara Rasha da kuma kasashen waje artists na lokuta daban-daban za su iya da'awar sunansa da aka classified a matsayin "sanannun sculptors," da kuma wasu daga ayyukansu suke kunshe a cikin zinariya asusu na duniya art?

Famous sculptors na zamanin d duniya

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, ma'adanin na sassaka samo asali da yawa da suka wuce, kamar yadda evidenced da yawa dutse da kuma lãka uku-girma images of mutane, dabbobi da yanci halittu, same lokacin archaeological tono. Hakika, ba wanda ya san wanda su mawallafa, amma tarihi ya kiyaye su da sunayen wasu daga cikin manyan sculptors wanda ya yi aiki a lokaci daga 14th karni BC. e. kuma kafin 1st karni AD. e.

Alal misali, tambaya game da wanda yake cikin shahararrun sculptors, a tarihin duniya, da sauransu, a tabbatar an ambaci mai girma tsoho Masar sculptor Thutmose Junior. Ya yi aiki a kotun Fir'auna Akhenaten, kuma Ya halitta, daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan art Amarna lokaci - da fasa na Sarauniya Nefertiti. Fiye da bayanai akwai game da wanda yake cikin shahararrun sculptors na zamanin d Girka da Roma lokaci. A musamman, da maigida da Critius Nesiot halitta a cikin 5th karni BC. e. m abun da ke ciki da kuma Garmody Aristogiton da cewa baya fiye da sau daya wahayi zuwa sculptors daga baya lokaci. Ma fi girma Heights a zanen sassaka sanya girma Phidias, wanda shi ne marubucin da mutum-mutumi na Zeus da zinariya, da hauren giwa, da gane a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi daga cikin tarihin duniya. Ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura da babbar gudunmawar ga ci gaban zamanin da art, wanda aka yi da irin wannan shahara sculptors kamar yadda Scopas, Praxiteles da Lysippos, halitta da ake kira Horses na Saint Mark. Amma ga Roman sculptors, mafi yawan su halittun, kamar sanannen Apollo Belvedere, suna kofe na Greek ainihin.

Famous sculptors na duniya: tsakiyar zamanai

Kamar yadda ka sani, farkon a tarihi lokacin da suka biyo fall na Yammacin Roman Empire, shi ya ba da lokaci mafi kyau ga ci gaban fasaha. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba musamman gagarumin ayyukan art na sassaka na zuwa 5-12 karnoni, a yau ba a sani. Abin farin, a kan lokaci ya fada coci fara rasa ƙarfi, kuma akwai sculptures na tsarkaka da kuma shugabanni, wanda mawallafa sun yarda da su, don motsa daga tsananin canons na addini art da kuma sa su halittun mafi lifelike. A matsayin misali, za mu iya rage irin wannan Masters a matsayin mahaifi da dansa Pisano, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin marigayi 13th da kuma farkon 14th karni. Kuma, ba shakka, a lokacin da ta je wa ne ya fi shahara sculptors na Gothic lokaci, ba za a iya kira Adam kraft halitta a marmari bagaden Tetzel Chapel.

Art sassaka Renaissance

Zai yiwu akwai wuya mutum wanda bai san wanda ya fi shahara sculptors da kuma ayyukansu na Renaissance lokaci. Bayan duk, a cikin wannan zamanin hada da irin Masterpieces a matsayin mutum-mutumi na David, kuma da Pieta da Michelangelo, wani kwafin wanda aka yi wa ado da Katolika Ikklisiyoyi a ko'ina cikin duniya, kazalika da wani abin tunawa ga Gattamelata da Donatello da kuma "Perseus" Benvenuto Cellini. Na Faransa Masters ya kamata a lura Zhana Guzhona kuma Germain Pilon, wanda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Italian abokan aiki.

Known Masters sassaka na 18th karni

A m misali na ma'adanin na sassaka na zamani sau ne sanannen Trevi Fountain a Palazzo Poli a Roma, dauke daya daga cikin alamu na Italian babban birnin kasar. Wani] an Nicola Salvi da Pietro Bracci wanda sanya adadi na Neptune da Triton. A 18th karni ya yi aiki da Antonio Canova, domin ta shahara tombstones na Popes, kazalika da sanannun sculptors daga Faransa Edmond Bouchardon da Zhan Batist Pigall. Kamar yadda na Birtaniya Masters, daga cikinsu akwai asali uku kunshi Dzhona Flaksmana, Iosifa Nollekensa da kuma Thomas Banks.

Turai sassaka na karni na 19th

A farkon karni na karshe da aka alama ta bayyanar da taurari masu haske na duniya na sassaka - Bertel Thorvaldsen, wanda a 1803 ya gabatar da jama'a ta "Jason". Bayan wani m duniya ke halarta a karon, ya zama musamman rare a cikin shahararrun master of abokan ciniki daga kasashe daban-daban, da kuma ta quite dogon m rayuwa sassaka da yawa m qagaggun da kuma hotuna na shahararrun mutane. A musamman, shi ne daraja ambata da babbar friezes, depicting exploits Aleksandra Makedonskogo, da ya halitta a cikin 1812 domin ado na Quirinal Palace.

A lokacin da la'akari da tambaya da wanda suka fi shahara sculptors da kuma ayyukansu na karni na 19th, daya daga cikin farko ya zo tuna shi ne sunan Auguste Rodin. Kuma shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, tun da ya halitta "The zurfin tunani" da kuma "The Kiss" gane a matsayin mafi girma Masterpieces na duniya art. Amma ga Masters sassaka a Jamus, shi ya cancanci musamman ambaci L. Shvantaler wanda Ya halitta yawa ƙwarai ayyukan ƙawata manyan gidãje da kuma sauran muhimman gine-gine na Munich.

Sculptors 20-21 ƙarni

A baya karni, hadisin na babban Italian Masters ci gaba Dzhakomo Mantsu, ya shahara akan halittar "Gate Mutuwa", sanya da Cathedral of St. Bitrus a Roma. Bugu da kari, shi ne daraja ambata artists kamar Zhak Lipshits da Osip Tsadkin, wanda ya yi aiki a wani surrealist style. A category na "shahararrun sculptors na duniya" yana nufin Alberto Giacometti, halitta a 1961, da wani aiki na "tafiya mutum", wanda aka kiyasta a Sotheby ta a 104,3 dalar Amurka miliyan. Daga cikin sculptors na marigayi 20th karni, shi ne kuma daraja ambata Fernando Botero, Lynn Chadwick Barri Flanagana kuma.

Famous sculptors daga Rasha 18-19 ƙarni

Magana game da ma'adanin na sassaka a Rasha ba lallai ba ne su pre-Petrine zamanin, saboda shi kawai ba ya wanzu. St. Petersburg tushe sanya mu tunani game Popular ya fādodin da murabba'ai sculptures, kamar yadda ya zama al'ada a kasashen Turai, don haka ga kotun fara kira waje artists. Saboda haka, na farko da aka sani "Rasha" sculptors sun kasashen waje. Alal misali, mun ji da dama effigy, jefa nan gaba uba daga cikin manyan m - K. Rastrelli.

Bayan kafuwar na Academy of Arts Catherine II akwai fara da za a horar da kuma Russia. A musamman, a cikin shekaru na ta sarautar suke da daraja majagaba na cikin gida art na sassaka a matsayin F. Shubin kuma M. Kozlovsky da kuma F. Gordeev, wanda Ya halitta shahara Samson. Musamman mai yawa talented artists fito a cikin karni na 19th. A musamman, a wannan lokaci halitta irin sanannun Rasha sculptors kamar yadda M. M. Antokolsky - marubucin na tunawa da Bitrus da Great a Peterhof, AM Opekushin, P. Velionsky da I. N. Shreder.

Art sassaka na Soviet da kuma post-Soviet lokaci

Daya daga cikin mafi recognizable ayyukan sassaka na farko da rabi na karni na 20th, ba shakka, shi ne sanannen tunawa da Vera Mukhina "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" - furuci fitacciyar na zamantakewa da labarun almara. Babu kasa ban sha'awa da kuma aikin E. Vutechicha wanda Ya halitta "Warrior-liberator" for Berlin ta Treptow Park da kuma na duniya-sanannen mutum-mutumi "The Mahaifa, mahaifiyata", da kuma M. Anikushina - marubucin na tunawa A. P. Chehovu da Pushkin, wanda aka kafa a Birnin Leningrad, a shekara ta 1957.

Kamar yadda ya ke cikin shahararrun Rasha sculptors na post-Soviet lokaci, mai yiwuwa, su ya kamata a kira, kuma Ernst Unknown, wanda ya fara aikinsa a Soviet sau, da aka tilasta su yi hijira zuwa {asar Amirka, da kuma ta mafi muhimmanci aiki - "Mask baƙin ciki" Magadan domin tunawa da wadanda ke fama da Stalinist danniya - halitta a cikin shekara ta 1996. Wani mai gida na sassaka, an yadu a gane a 'yan shekarun nan - Shemyakin, daga cikin ayyukan da ya cancanci musamman ambaci Multi-siffa abun da ke ciki "Children - wadanda ke fama da adult mũnãnan ayyuka".