Count Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: biography, magada

Cronyism, babu abotaka - cewa ya taimaka rike da fadar kotu a Rasha wa waɗanda suka gudanar don samun kusa da hukumomi. Irin wannan mutumin da zarar kokarin kewaye kansa da dangi. Saboda haka Shuvalov kabila hambarar daga kursiyin a farkon 50-ies na XVIII karni iyali Razumovsky.

Kyamara-page Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan aka haifa a cikin wani matalauci aristocratic iyali a Moscow. The title of "Ƙidaya" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich taba sa - ko dai a haifi ko bayan haka, sa'ad da yake Mai Iko Dukka bafadan. Ya samu mai kyau da ilimi a gida, san hudu harsuna, karanta da yawa, yana sha'awar zane-zane da kuma girma da kyau, kuma suna fadin saurayi.

Uwan da suke a cikin kotu da Elizabeth, a shekaru 14 ya dauki ignoramus a Petersburg da kuma ayyana shi a-kamara shafukan. A wannan shekara, shi ya kasance wani karamin girma da kuma dukufa a kan free lokaci karanta littattafai, da kuma dance, da kuma matasa 'yan mata ba su sha'awar. Amma shekaru hudu daga baya ya aka miƙa a karkashin mita biyu tsayi, kuma ya kasance wani kyakkyawan saurayi ne. A bikin aure na 'yar'uwarsa tare da Prince Golitsinym Ivana lura da Empress Elizabeth. A 1749, ya ba shi da farko take. Ivan Shuvalov shi ne mutum na da ɗakin kwananka, cewa shi ne potted yaro. Kuma 'yan'uwan sanya tabbata ya kasance shi kadai tare da arba'in Empress.

Cif shirayin

Ba da da ewa Ivan samu wani sabon suna - sarki shirayin. Mafiya yawa daga cikin kotu a sabon sha'awa Empress da jũna short-rayu whim. Amma da wayo, da kyau, ba masu hadama ba domin kudi, kuma ba su girman kai Ivan zauna a cikin ni'imar da Elizabeth kafin ta mutuwa a 1761.

Ya na sirri halaye, musamman da rashin karkata zuwa ga kudi shawara, sun kasance a wannan lokaci sosai rare. Yana mai ban mamaki ga dukkan, ciki har da empress da ake zargin, wanda ake amfani da su cewa duk abin da ta daga kai daraja, ƙasar, manoma da kuma kudi. Tsufa Empress Elizabeth chayala wani rai ya zaba daya, kuma ya, duk da cewa da shekaru, ta halin kula rincabewa, bi da ta tare da wannan ƙauna.

Aiki Ivan Shuvalov

Ba na zaton cewa kasancewa a daidai wurin a lokacin da ya dace, Ivan sa'an nan kawai jin dadin rayuwa da kuma farin ciki ga empress, tsohon isa ya zama mahaifiyarsa. Sun kuma kyau, fashionably da expensively ado, da kyau hali, ya jagoranci wani rai ba kawai dandy. Shuvalov nuna sabon abu soyayya ga arts: to, adabi, gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Saboda haka, don ya haifar da Academy of Arts, a 1755 ya janye daga Moscow FS Rokotoff da kuma ba shi damar fara horo a cikin gidansa har sai da ya bude Academy. Kuma a cikin 1761, ya ga wani mai kashe gobara a fādar nan gaba sculptor Shubin. Ivan goyon a lokaci daya da kuma mahaliccin farko Rasha wasan kwaikwayo Volkov F. kuma A. Sumarokov - da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kuma mawãƙi ne.

Tare da Mikhail Lomonosov, ya kasance da aikin da kuma bude Moscow University a cikin sunan ranar da uwarsa - a Tatiana Day a 1755. Wannan aikin, ya kiyaye lokaci mai tsawo.

Shuvalov tsince malamai da] alibai, da kuma daga cikin littattafan sa harsashin ga jami'a library, kuma ya sanya bayyanar a jami'a bugu gidan, wanda kwafi ba kawai kimiyya adabi, amma kuma da "Moscow News".

Academy of Arts - dukan zuriyarsa. Ya tattara malaman kasashen waje, da neman hazaka dalibai, gabatar da wani tarin ya zane-zane na Academy. Da siyasa ayyukan, har yanzu talauci gane, samarwa karuwa a yawan 'yan Majalisar Dattawanta da kuma kyautata na ayyukan, streamlining da burokrasi da kuma a cikin rundunar, ya yi imani da cewa da bukatar ba da fifiko ga Rasha da kuma ba' yan kasashen waje.

Mutane da yawa na samarwa Shuvalov wuce na zamaninsa da kuma na aiwatuwa a rayuwa kawai a karkashin Catherine II da kuma Paul I. A 1757 Count Vorontsov ƙaddamar da wani daftarin umurnin a kan wanda I. I. Shuvalovu aka sanya wa sunan count, Sanata, da dubu goma serfs. The title of Ivan ƙiya. Daga baya lakabi na girmamawa na "Ƙidaya" Ivan Shuvalov bai yarda, kuma daga Catherine I. Ya ba ya so wannan lakabi.

Palace of Count Shuvalov

Ko da yake Ivan aka ba sanye da lakabi na Count, amma fada ya gaske grandiose yi, bautar da dukan kwata. Ya kasance kuma shi ne har yanzu (ko da yake gina) a kan Italian titi kusa da Summer Palace ta zama majiɓinci saint.

A fadar aka gina shekaru biyar a cikin style of cikin Elizabethan Baroque. Yana da aka tsara da m S. Chevakinsky. A cikin gidan kiyaye tarihi ado na haraba tare da low ginshikan da manya. Dukan ciki na fādar da aka richly yi wa ado da stucco. Amma wannan shi ne mafi yawa da daga baya gyara.

Don kwanan wata, akwai Museum of Tsafta, da kuma ginin kanta ana kiyaye shi ta jihar, domin shi ne mu da al'adu.

Mutuwar Elizabeth

Bayan rasuwar majiɓinci, saint Ivan rayu shekara talatin da biyar. Ya ba su yi shakka, ya yi wannan rantsuwa a 1762, sabon Empress, amma janye daga kotu. Ba cewa shi ne mai kunya, amma yana da har yanzu matsayinsa ya canza a can.

Lieutenant-Janar Shuvalov tafi kasashen waje. Ya aka yi falala a kansu da kotun na Marie Antoinette, ta tafi zuwa cikin kunkuntar da'irar da tsarin kula da abin da ake kira Lilac League. An tabbatar da manufar Faransa, da kuma, fãce Ivan, wani mutum na da mai ladabi, ilimi, bude-shiryayye kasashen waje da shi ba ne.

A lokacin da wannan aka gano Catherine II, ta kawai gigice. Yanzu, da sanin cewa kasashen waje ne duqufar da kursiyin Rasha bafadan, da ciwon iko a Turai, da Empress ba shi wata lambar diplomasiyya ayyukan. Ya yi su tare da kyalkyali da kuma samu daraja da kãshi councilor.

A 1776, Shuvalov koma zuwa Rasha. Ya aka sanya a fensho na dubu goma rubles, sa'an nan ya aka ciyar da su manyan shirayin. Wannan, ba zato ba tsammani, shi ne mafi girma ga daraja na yadi - biyu kawai ga Empress. Amma a general, Shuvalov - wani m bafadan, da minion na arziki, yanzu ya jagoranci sirri. Ya sake shirya a gidansa da kuma a wallafe-wallafen salon bakuncin abincin rana domin kasida Derzhavin da I. Dmitriev, da kuma Admiral Alexander Shishkov philologist, fassara na Homer E. Kostrova. Ya san yadda za a ji dadin rayuwa, kawo tare da shi da yardar abokai.

Shuvalov dukan tsawon rai, kuma ya rayu shekaru 70, tare da ba da hassada, da kuma daukakar wani na fasaha, da alheri, gaskiya mutum. Ba domin akwai wata rãyuwa ta uwan.

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

Pyotr zo daga gentry Kostroma lardin. Mahaifinsa, da Kwamandan Vyborg, ɗan ya iya hašawa da wani page a kotu na Petra Velikogo. Lokacin da sarki ya mutu, ya dauki bangare a cikin sa kambi na Catherine I. A lokacin da wani page sabis, ya koya dukan bukatun na kotu kuma ya iya, godiya ga wannan, m kotu aiki.

Lokacin da ya Velikogo Petra da mijinta bar for Kiel, tare da su don bauta da kyamara-page PA Shuvalov. Akwai ya samu wani sabon rai kwarewa.

Bayan da ya haifi ɗanta, nan gaba Sarkin sarakuna Peter III, Anna Petrovna mutu kuma P. Shuvalov koma zuwa Rasha, rakiyar da jirgin ruwa tare da jikin da kambi gimbiya a 1728. A lokacin wadannan shekaru da ya sadu da Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, wanda sai da aure. Ta kasance mai aminin Princess Elizabeth Petrovna kuma daga baya taimaka da aiki na wani m courtier.

kusa da kursiyin

Bayan ya dawo daga kasashen waje Shuvalov bauta da aminci kyamara-yar jam'iyyar kadet Princess Elizabeth.

Petro ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin wani juyin mulki a 1741, erecting Elizaveta Petrovna zuwa kursiyin, da kuma a godiya da ya samu a babban kotun daraja na shirayin. An girma cikin sauri, kuma ta soja. Na farko, ya - kawai Guards leftana da manyan janar, amma a shekara ta zama mai leftana, kuma nan da nan adjutant-janar.

Height ya aiki kawai gaggãwar, kamar yadda Elizaveta Petrovna ba manta da jin daxi cikin basira mataimakin wadanda suka taimaka wajen samun gadonta. Petro na'am da Order of St. Anne da kuma sadarwa. Aleksandra Nevskogo da kuma zama wani Sanata. Kuma a cikin 1746, a gaban mu ta bayyana riga Count Shuvalov. A wannan lokaci da ya riga ya yi aure zuwa wani "sneaky", kamar yadda suka ce, bawa na girmamawa Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, wanda, kamar wana, Alexander, wanda ya shekaru goma da haihuwa a kotu, ya taimake shi da sauri ta motsa har da aiki tsani.

hanyar up

Da farko, duk ayyukansa a cikin Front Army. Ya, tare da mutanena su ka halarci sa kambi na Empress a Moscow. Sa'an nan ya mutanena su ka yi a farati, amma Count Shuvalov sauri ƙware a kotu, kuma babu kasa da sauri samun mafi girma ga daraja - Field Marshal. Ya iya ce, galloping rushes a tattalin arziki da siyasa rayuwa na biyu dajiya, kazalika a ko'ina cikin daular.

YAYI Count P. Shuvalov

Tuni a 1745 Count Shuvalov ya ɓullo da wani shiri a kan tarin da zabe haraji da kuma magance bashi. Empress gan shi wani mutum wanda ya iya rayar da tsohon daukakar jihar. Ta yi saurãre a hankali don tsari ga canji na kai tsaye haraji kai tsaye ba, to Levy kudade ga sojojin na gishiri tarin minting jan tsabar kudi (na fam na jan aka minted a rabin, sa'an nan sau hudu a matsayin mai yawa kudi, abinda ya kawo mafi riba cikin taskar). Amma da Empress ƙara daukawa mai guguwa na nisha, saboda haka ikon da aka hankali mayar da hankali a cikin hannãyenku daga m da kuma kudi-jin yunwa Peter Ivanovich.

A 1753, a gidansa da shawara, da ciki kwastan aikinsu aka soke, da kuma a 1755 a lokacin da sabon Kwastan doka gudummawar da aka karɓa.

Canje-canje a cikin sojojin

Tuni a 1751, lokacin da P. Shuvalov ya zama janar-a-manyan, shi ne kusan unchallenged umurnin da division. Ya nuna ƙwarai himma, motsi da kuma turawa ma'aikatan, horar da su, tara makamai Division da kuma tsunduma ta kaya. Wannan zai zo a m daga baya a kan, a lokacin da za a shekaru bakwai yaki tare da Prussia a 1756

Duk da sojojin Count Shuvalov ya horo manyan bindigogi da kuma ajiye kungiyar soja, wanda ya kunshi dubu talatin mutane. Wannan harka shi ne saba wa shi, kuma ya samu nasarar kammala arziki na sabon bindigogi, sabon bindigogi da kuma kayan.

A wancan lokaci, ya aka nada General-feldtseyhmeysterom, wanda ke nufin umurnin manyan bindigogi da kuma aikin injiniya kungiyar soja. Count Shuvalov tura horo ayyukan Gunners da sallama ga majalisar dattijai mai aikin ya haifar da wani sabon howitzer.

Ba tare da faruwa a cikin fasaha da cikakken bayani, ya kamata a lura da cewa ko da yake da shi da kuma yi soma, amma shi ya kasance m. Amma wadannan kayan aiki da ake kira "Unicorn" an nasara. Wannan howitzer Gunners ƙirƙira M. Danilov kuma Sergei Martynov, kuma an yi amfani da su goyi bayan dakaru fama a kusan shekara dari bayan ta ƙarya. Sunan ake dangantawa da marmarin yin kisa da shafi a kan wanda alama da aka nuna da wannan dama dabba.

The gashi na makamai na Count Peter Shuvalov

A adadi na wani unicorn uku kunshe a cikin gashi na makamai na Count Shuvalov. Da fari dai, shi ne ya wakilci a kan jirgin, kuma abu na biyu, ya riqe wani garkuwa da, uku, to hagu na kwalkwali da count ta coronet. A uku da gurneti tunãtar da su da Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth. A wannan da aka ce da rubutu.

A karkatar Elizabeth na

Count Shuvalov lokacin Elizabeth ta zama zahiri shine shugaban gwamnatin Rasha. Duk da cewa ya nuna count aka tattauna a majalisar dattijai. Duk da haka, unselfishness, da bambanci ga dan uwan, shi ne daban-daban. Sau da yawa aikinsa amfana da shi da kuma lalata taskar.

Exceptionally, yana da hakkin ya sayar da gandun daji, da mai da kuma leɓe mai kumbura. Fishing ga kifi da kuma like a cikin White Sea da Caspian Sea shi ma ya kenkenewa. Count Shuvalov halarci taba sayi kashe, yana da mafi kyau baƙin ƙarfe ayyukansu. A mata, kasancewa jihar-lady Elizabeth aka ce sun samu daga binciken da darajõji, kuma awards ga kudi.

Bayan rasuwar Elizabeth, duk da m hali Peter III, Earl fara samun rashin lafiya, ta mutu a 1762. Ya fi kyau da kuma karfi da hali dabiu sun ikon tsara abubuwa da kuma kawo kome da ƙarshen. Saboda haka ya rayu da ransa, da iko, m Count Shuvalov. Tarihinsa ya nuna cewa shi wani matsanancin mutumin, amma Sahaban son fingered, girman kai, kuma fabulously m jadawali ne har yanzu ba a yi amfani.

Magaji Count Pyotr

Daya zai ɗauka cewa Count ya bar wani babba arziki bayan mutuwarsa. Saboda kudi kawai malalo zuwa ga kogin. Duk da haka, wannan ba haka ba ne. Earl kuwa mai ɓarna, mutumin. Wanda zai gaje shi - dan Andrei Petrovich - barin kawai basusuka a cikin adadin 92 dubu rubles. Amma a zamanin Catherine Andrei Petrovich bai samu rasa, kuma ya zama Sanata mai, kãshi councilor, gwamnan bankin da kuma marubuci. Ya ci gaba da daular na kirga Shuvalov, wanda ya rayu riga a cikin XIX karni.

Wana Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) tare da kane isa a kotu na Bitrus I, kuma ma ya fara aiki a matsayin page. Amma ranked a matsayin kotun da Princess Elizabeth, ya kasance a cikin lura da ta yadi tattalin arzikin. A wancan zamani, wani babban matsayi.

Bayan wani fada juyin mulki, a cikin abin da 'yan'uwa biyu ya dauki wani aiki sashi, Alexander shiga girma. Don fara da a 1742, shi ne kawai ɗauka da sauƙi ta shãfi da harkokin Asirin Chancellery, amma ni'ima da Empress ya ba watsi da su.

Yana bayar da da Order Aleksandra Nevskogo, to, ku zõ da wani leftana-general, kadan daga baya - a general adjutants. Kuma a 1746 kafin mu an riga an Count Shuvalov Aleksandr Ivanovich, ya maye gurbin matsayi na rashin lafiya shugaban da Asirin Chancellery da kuma shugaban ta sa'an nan duk rayuwarsa.

A zamanin Elizabeth na da Bitrus III har 1762, ya aka ji tsoron, kuma suka ƙi. Amma ya fi son magance sayar da al'amura, wanda zai iya taimaka haifar da wani jihar. Elizaveta Petrovna taba manta da aminci mataimakin kuma bayar da shi a 1753 da mafi kyautar na Rasha Empire - da Order of St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Daga baya Shuvalov da kuma zama wani Sanata da kuma janar Field Marshal. Bayan sarautar Catherine, ya aka aika zuwa Estate kusa Moscow. Af, da 'yan'uwa uku, shi ne mafi uninteresting mutum za ka iya ce, colorless.

domesticity

Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich aka aure su Ekaterina Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. M da rowa ne wannan iyali, wãyi gari ko kudi a kan tufafi da suka dace da su status. ya Catherine aka haife shi a aurensu, wanda aka bai aure Count G. I. Golovkina.

Lokacin da Alexander na da shi ya zama wani Jihar-lady. Akwai jita-jitar cewa ta Moscow gida da aka haife A. S. Pushkin. Ta shi ne sha'awar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma ta sansanin soja ya zama kashin bayan rawa na Bolshoi rawa. Ta da 'ya'ya maza da ɗa, da kuma' yar ba aure. Saboda haka wannan reshe Shuvalov zũriyarsu da.

A cikin misali na Shuvalov kabila iya tunanin yadda daban-daban sun guda mutanen da suka yi wannan tushen.