Nasara, na Space, 20-21 karni: a kamanta tebur

A mafi m kasada na dukan 'yan adam ya fara a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, jim kadan bayan kammala babban bala'i na karni - yakin duniya na biyu. Akwai wani juyin juya halin da ya kama zukatan da rayukan mutane daga kasashe daban-daban, da kuma akwai na farko nasara daga cikin halittu 20-21 karni. Mun tsere zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma ƙware shi inexorably kuma ba dama. Kamar yadda akwai wannan tectonic motsi a cikin rayuwar mutane da kuma ci gaban fasahar da aka jiran mu a yanzu, a cikin 21st karni?

A farkon nazarin sararin samaniya

Space bincike da farko gudanar biyu superpowers - Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka, wata adawa wadda zuba ba kawai a siyasa rikicin da makamai tseren, amma kuma a cikin gasar a kimiyya da kuma fasaha. Duk da} o} arin da manyan kudi da albarkatun, Amurka a alfijir na sarari shekaru ba zai iya samun shi majagaba da kuma shugabannin. Nasara, na Space 20-21 karni, suka kama up daga baya - zai haifar da wani manned sarari shuttles, super-m nesa da kuma tasar aika su leƙo asirin Red Planet. Kuma mu fara da bayanin irin farko sarari jefa.

Da littattafai na chargeability jirgin zuwa sarari ne mahada daga cikin Kármán layi a tsawon 100 kilomita.

PS-1, halitta da kuma kaddamar da Tarayyar Soviet, ya iya ci gaba da zama dole gudun cin nasara da Pull na Duniya da kuma aka kaddamar m roka zuwa cikin falaki a watan Oktoba shekara ta 1957. A tauraron dan adam ba zai ce abin tunawa, a taba rai na magana game da matakai ga bil'adama kamar daya cewa Neil Armstrong ya ce. PS-1 don watsa shirye-shirye ne kawai "Putt-Putt!", Amma shi ya isa ya bude wani sabon zamanin a cikin tarihin na mu wayewa.

A farko explorers na halittu 20-21 karni

Lokacin da bukatar mu tuna da majagaba na sarari a gaban wani mutum tsaye up murmushi fuska Yuriya Gagarina. Duk da haka, da farko mai rai gabar, Mun aika a cikin sarari guda, ya kasance ba, kuma Drosophila. Al'ada 'ya'yan kwari an kaddamar da Amirkawa a 1947 gudanar da wani nazari a kan sakamako daga high tsawo matakin na radiation a cikin jiki.

Kudaje da baya aminci da sauti, da kuma maye gurbin su, bayan kamar shekara, ya tashi biri mai suna Albert I. Albert ya galihu - ya mutu ne saboda cunkoso kafin shi kai Karman line, sabili da haka ba a zahiri kasance a sarari.

To, akwai mutane da dama da Alberta, amma har yanzu na farko dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa hawa zuwa tsawo na fiye da 100 km da kuma dawo can rai sun biyu karnuka - dezikom da kuma Roma. Su jefa a 1951, tsunduma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Don da kare ta kewayewa ba kai. Akwai da dama yunkurin gudanar da orbital jirgin, amma da farko, da nasara dawo gida kawai ya faru a shekarar 1960. Protein da kibiya, da kuma tare da su da hudu dozin beraye da biyu berayen circled a cikin ƙasã, kuma baya da rai da kuma lafiya. Jim kadan bayan karshen jirgin Kibiya ya zama uwar shida kwiyakwiyi wanda rabo tsunduma Nikita Khrushchev. Daya daga cikin kwiyakwiyi Space karnuka ya ba da shugaban kasar Amurka, 'yar - Caroline Kennedy. Saboda haka, na farko nasara daga cikin halittu 20-21 karni sun mu ƙaramin yan'uwansu, waɗanda bukatar biya haraji da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

Mutumin farko a sarari

Babu wani abu da zai taba canza gaskiyar cewa na farko cosmonaut na duniya ya zama wani Soviet jama'a Yuri Gagarin. Bayan da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya da magana "Mu tafi!", Ya shiga madawwama biyu a kan da "Vostok-1".

Jirgin dade na gajeren lokaci - 108 minti, amma wannan lokaci a kasa mutane a kasashe daban-daban ya saurari rediyo da kuma ci gaba da idanunku a kan TV fuska. Sun yi ba tukuna gane, mafi ji, abin muhimmanci wannan jirgin domin duk mazaunan duniya.

Sai da na ɗauki wani gwada da gajeren lokaci, da kuma a yanzu sake doke da rikodi binciken sararin samaniya 20-21 karni. A tsawon lokaci da jirgin Valeriya Polyakova ne mai ban mamaki. A tashar "Mir" Rasha cosmonaut shafe fiye da shekara guda.

A mafi muhimmanci cosmic events na karni na 20th

Breaking daga Duniya, Adam ba zai daina. Almarar marubuta sun rubuta littattafai a cikin abin da mutane gano da kuma kafa mulkin mallaka sauran taurari, yan fim ta sami juna biyu na farko sarari fadace-fadace da kuma binciken sararin samaniya tafi gaba 20-21 karni. A kamanta tebur a nan gaba zai nuna yadda ya ci gaba da zamanin nazarin sararin samaniya.

A mafarki na kafa kafar a kan surface wani wani sarari suKe jiki wanin gida duniyar tamu, aiwatuwa a cikin saukowa daga American 'yan saman jannati zuwa da watã. Man mamaya da kawai na halitta da tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu ta zama Neil Armstrong Alden. Ya gaji da damuwa da bakin Tekun natsuwarSa 20 Yuli 1969.

Bayan nazarin gaba basamaniyai, astrophysicists Nã zãɓe wani sabon manufa - Mars. Kuma yanzu garzaya zuwa ga tashar "Mars 2", na zuwa Tarayyar Soviet. Tare da taimakon wani abu halitta da} o} arin na hannun mutum da tunaninsa, da farko ya zo da farfajiya na Red Planet, da kuma a 1983 American "Majagaba 10", da farko mutum ya ƙi yarda bar iyakokin mu da hasken rana tsarin.

A karshe a san nasara a da isar da abubuwa halitta Adam, daga Earth shi ne saki da American jirgin "Voyager 1" bayan da hasken rana tsarin, sa'an nan kuma, bayan shekaru, ya kai interstellar sarari.

Nasara, na Space, 20-21 karni: a kamanta tebur na nasarori na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka

Takaitacciyar Table "nasara na Space 20-21 karni"

Karshe: The fada bayan da Tarayyar Soviet a gwada yawa sharuddan na nazarin sararin samaniya ya fara kara a cikin 1970s na 20th karni. A rata ya da karfi a cikin marigayi 20 - farkon 21 karni.

zamani astronautics

A cikin karni na 20th akwai wani albarku a sarari, juyin juya hali, amma wata karuwa ba zai šauki tsawon. Space Development kai wani quality matakin, kuma tun sa'an nan ya ci gaba da sequentially kuma ba tare da kona. Kuma shi ne cewa ga wanda ya yi yaƙi da nasara, da halittu 20-21 karni. A kimiyyar lissafi systematized ilmi tsiwirwirinsu, ya takaita nasarorin da ka'idar da kuma m nazarin yi bayan qasa ta harsashi.

Daya daga cikin manyan kwatance na ci gaba da aka dauke su mafi manned kumbon sama jannati da kuma jiragen ruwa tare da kwaya module ga interplanetary manufa.

Bugu da halittu, m explorers na halittu 20-21 karni. A kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin taurari shiryawa gudanar da bincike da yiwuwar mulkin mallaka na sha na albarkatun qasa ba, ko kuma yawaitar mutane. Developing soja sarari kansu, yayin da a mataki na leken asiri da tauraron dan adam. Regular flights da kuma tauraron dan adam gabatar da tada tambaya na share sarari sama da Earth daga sarari tarkace.