Mene ne musket? Bayyanar da farko musket

Mene ne musket, mafi yawan mutane san da yawa game. Na farko shi ne kalmar hade da heroes da litattafan da Alexandre Dumas - sanannen Faransa musketeers. Mutane da yawa za su yi mamaki da suka fahimci cewa da farko musket bayyana ba a Faransa, da kuma sabuwar dabara Faransa da kõme ba su yi. Kuma cewa shi ne mai musket, suka farko koya cikakken m yanayi domin kansu.

Labarin wata musket

By farkon 16th karni soja kaya ya kai wani matakin da cewa shi ne samuwa a lokacin da "sauki" bindigogi kawai rasa ingancinta. Harsasai kora daga wani arquebus (da wanda ya riga na musket), saboda ta low nauyi (18-20 grams) da kuma kananan-zamo, ba zai iya shiga cikin makamai da kuma chainmail sojojin abokan gaba. Yana bukatar wani sabon makami tare da kara da hallakaswa Properties. Kuma da sabuwar dabara ne granular foda aka muhimman hakkokin zuwa na zamani da makamai da kuma kafa wani musket.

Wa? Ir? Ira gun

A farko musket (gun tare da wani dogon ganga da matchlock) ya bayyana a Spain, da kuma ƙirƙira shi, a cewar wasu masana tarihi, Spanish armourer Mokket daga Veletry. Ya firtsi da ganga tsawon na 140 cm da aka kai. Wannan karuwa a tsawon na ganga ya kara zamo gun foda cajin da taro, kuma daidai da, ta kewayon wuta da kuma punching ikon.

Amma don ƙara da tsawon ganga kawai bari granular foda. Yana bai bukatar tura breech na gun ramrod, kamar yadda aka bukata ya yi tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara foda, tsaya ga ganuwar da ta haifa. Yanzu, gunpowder katsin da aka zuba a cikin breech ba tare da taimako, kuma a saman da aka ƙera ramrod Wad. Bayan wannan ƙone foda gaba ɗaya kuma da tabbaci, wanda kuma qara da farko gudun da kewayon harsashi.

Features farko musket

Musket total tsawon kasance 180 cm da kuma auna game 8 kg, don haka da harbe-harben goyon bayan da aka bukata. Tãyar da fourchette (kushin), wanda a daya karshen da aka makale a cikin ƙasa, kuma shar'anta a kan na biyu support shaft.

Tare da karuwa a zamo daga sama zuwa 23 mm (harquebuses ya 15-17 mm) da kuma ya karu da nauyin da harsashi. Akwai ta zama musket ku auna nauyi 50-60 grams. Harbe-harben iyaka a wannan harka shi ne 200-240 mita, da kuma a wannan nesa da harsashi ƙulli sauƙi karfi makamai. Duk da haka, domin a buga abokan gaba daga wani musket, ya wajaba a gwada sosai. A yiwuwa cewa wani manufa size biyu da biyu mita shigar a nesa na 70 mita za a buga, shi ne kawai 60%.

Bugu da kari, mai iko recoil iya tsayayya kawai wani mutum da mai kyau jiki shiri. Don ko ta yaya laushi da duka a kafada sawa cushe matashi, taka leda rawar da buga absorber.

Don cajin gun, shi ne ake bukata don gudanar da wani na al'ada.

Kamar yadda cajin muskets

Na cajin gun ta hanyar da ta haifa rami. A gare musamman katako etui (zaryadtsa) zube foda ake bukata domin samfurin na guda harbi. Gunpowder a zaryadtsy cewa sun rataye a kan takobi bel kibiya, auna a gaba. A iri shiryayye musket na natruski (kananan foda flasks) spiked lafiya foda. Harsashi amfani da tsaftacewa sanda da aka tura cikin ganga. A cajin da aka kunna ta wani smoldering lagwani, wanda aka guga man iri shiryayye hannu. Gunpowder kunna da Firaministan da harsashi.

Saboda haka, a shirya domin harbi ciyarwa game da 2 da minti, lokacin da aka dauke shi mai kyau kudi.

Da farko muskets aka dauke da makamai kawai dakaru da lissafi ga sabis musket kunshi mutane biyu: na biyu batun bi da kona lagwani, kuma ta haifa harsasai da wani zabi da kanka.

Fama dabara domin Musketeers

Saboda low kudi na da amfani da muskets don amfani na musamman dabara. Sojoji, dauke da makamai muskets, sahu a wani rectangular square, zurfin wanda za a iya isa har zuwa 12 darajõji. Bayan na farko rank samar volley shi ya ba hanya zuwa gaba, yayin da ta tattara zuwa karshen tsarin to Reload su muskets. Saboda haka, da harbe-harben da aka za'ayi kusan ci gaba. All ayyuka yi Musketeers tawagar, ciki har da loading tsari.

Makamai muskets Turai

A 1515, Faransa koyi abin da musket a wani yaƙi tare da Spanish da sojoji. Musket bukukuwa sauƙi soki karfi makamai. Spanish da taimakon dogon barreled novelties lashe wani mai ban mamaki nasara a kan Faransa.

A 1521 muskets riga en sun mayar da aka soma da Spanish sojojin. Kuma a cikin 1525, a sake, a wurin yaƙi tare da Faransa, wadda samu ta tarihi sunan "Battle of Pavia", da Spain sun nuna a duk da daukaka a gaban duk da magabaci na muskets sauran makamai. Musketeers sun zama wani babban bango a Faransa sojojin doki.

Sai bayan wannan yakin da wani musket, yanke shawarar samun sani a Turai. Suka fara hannu dakaru raka'a a Faransa da kuma Jamus, kuma daga baya - da kuma sauran kasashen Turai.

A nan gaba, da musket zama sha inganta. Masters na makamai daga Jamus maye gurbin da matchlock silicon. Trigger, ya maye gurbin liba aka saki da duwatsu spring, wanda a kan tasiri flints diggedst walƙiya ignites gunpowder. Da bukatar a lagwani bace.

The Dutch inganta akwati. Su maye gurbin da karfe daga abin da aka yi, karin taushi. Wannan cire lokuta da ya fashe tare da harbi.

Spanish, Dutch, kuma wajen samo kwarewa gudanarwa musket zuwa 4.5 kg, da makami ga sojojin doki. Wannan musket ya zama na kowa da kowa, shi za a iya amfani da a cikin dukan sojojinsa, da kuma cewa da aka yi a duk Turai sojojin.