The Order of St. Anne. Order na Rasha Empire

The Order of Saint Anne aka kafa a 1735 ta Duke Karl Friedrich, wani Jamus ta haihuwa. Ya a 1725 auri 'yar Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus I, Anna. Da farko cikin tsari da aka zaci matsayin dynastic awards, amma a nan gaba ta matsayi ya canja muhimmanci.

Duchess Anne ba dogon zauna a wani farin ciki aure, ya kuma rasu a 1728 jim kadan bayan haihuwar nauyi nan gaba magaji a kan karaga. Bayan rasuwar ƙaunataccen matar Carl Friedrich yanke shawarar immortalize ta memory ta canja wani image na Duchess tare da wani image a kan Order na gaba tsara magaji a kan karaga. A lokacin da rayuwar da Duke na wannan tsari da muka samu 15 German batutuwa zuwa.

Tun wannan lokacin, da shugabanni na Rasha da aka tsare a takaicce a mulki, da barin gadon sarautar to hali bayan da iko.

Magaji Elizabeth II

A nan gaba magaji ga kursiyai, da Rasha da kuma Holstein mai suna Carl-Peter Ulrich. Ya gaji gadon sarautar bayan Elizabeth II, wanda ba shi da 'ya'ya, da hukuma wadda ta yanke shawarar gina a kan gadon sarautar dan dan'uwansa, bayan da yaro da aka hawa daga cikin Duchy na Holstein a Rasha.

Jihar Order matsayi

Tun da Order of St. Anne ya dynastic lambar yabo, ya koma Rasha, Bitrus III na, ya zama Grand Jagora na Order a kan gado daga mahaifinsa, ya dauki mafi girman kyautar na Duchy na Holstein tare. Da zarar a 1742 ya ƙa'ida hau kan karaga, an yanke shawarar gina Order a cikin sahu na jihar awards a Rasha.

A sabon magaji a kan karaga

A tarihin na Rasha Empire kai tsaye ga kwana cike da masifu, mafi muhimmanci daga abin da yake da aukuwar lamarin cewa ya bar wani kafu daram lamba a kan zamani tarihi. Haka ya faru a 1762, a lokacin da zamanin Paul III na, wanda dade game 6 watanni, ya ƙare takaici. Haka ya faru a sakamakon wani ƙulli don matsawa daga kursiyin, da ya yi nasa matarsa. Bayan mutuwarsa, pre-neman sauyi Rasha samu wani sabon magaji a kan karaga - Paul na, wanda aka haifa a 1754.

Catherine II Board

Kamar yadda a lokacin da mutuwa na yanzu Sarkin sarakuna Paul na kasance ma matasa su yi sarauta da kursiyin, da dukan nauyi na hukumar ya ginu ne a kan kafadu na tsohuwarsa, wanda ya kai tsaye da alhakin mutuwar mahaifinsa. A tarihin na Rasha Empire a wannan lokacin samun wani gagarumin cigaba ne ga ci gaban karkashin shugabanci na Catherine II. Ba tare da wani shakka ba, shi ne mafi shahara empress na lokacin a waje na Rasha.

Asirin ma'anar awards

Duk da cewa kyautar na Rasha Empire sãɓã wa jũna musamman ladabi, Paul na ji m ji daidai dangane da Order of St. Anne. Dalilin shi ne mai sauki isa. A daya daga Moscow ta hanyoyin, shirya a 1762, Paul na da aka gabatar karo na farko da kyau na Anna Petrovna, 'yar wani gida Sanata PV Lopuchin.

Ta haka ne yarda da sarki cewa ya nace a kan motsi ta dukan iyali a St. Petersburg. Belle mahaifin samu daga Sarkin sarakuna da lakabi na yarima da iyali taken. Tun wannan lokacin, da Yahudanci fassarar da sunan Anna - "alherin" - ya zama girman kai na 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali Lopukhins.

Daga wannan lokacin zai fara babban labarin na Order a pre-neman sauyi Rasha. Kamar yadda takardun gwamnati da na sarki iyali da ta tsira a yau. Catherine II ĩmãni girmawa irin hali da ɗan cikin Order of funny yara wasan, amma tun wannan lokacin, kamar yadda nan gaba sarki hadu a liyafar tare da Anna Petrovna, sai ya fara kawo more kuma m ma'anar. Yanzu, da Order of St. Anne nufi shi kamar yadda na kafa na Order of Karla Fridriha.

Kofe na Order, samu a jihar matsayi

Bisa ga kiyaye daidaituwa tsakanin Empress Catherine II da kuma malama Paul na, musamman na sarki hukuncin da aka halitta, bisa ga abin da Bulus, ina da ikon ya lashe kyautar a kan madadin wannan domin wani bafada, dabam-dabam musamman mazakuta.

Amma ga m Sarkin sarakuna wannan bai isa ba, sai ya yanke shawarar zuwa asirce karaya uwa, ba a dauke cancanta ga Order of St. Anne lada, haifar da yawa kananan kofe zuwa informally ya sãka talakawansu. Sa su dogara a kan Takobin na da takobinsa domin, idan ya cancanta, shi za a iya sauƙi boye daga prying idanu, kuma a cikin akwati na arangama rufe da naushi.

The ƙi na Jamus sarauta ya

A 1773 Catherine II gaba daya yayi watsi dukkan hakkokin da lakabobi da gata cewa an bayar da ita da kuma ta magada Holstein kursiyin. Tun wannan lokacin, da tsari na 1 mataki zai daina a sãka wa magādan fadar daular, amma kamar yadda Paul na zauna da hukuma Grand Jagora na Order, shi ya kasance ga hukuma hakkin ya sãka musu a kan nasu.

Coronation na Paul na

Coronation na Paul Na fadi a kan Nuwamba 12, 1797. A wannan rana, ya ƙa'ida accedes a kan karaga, da pre-neman sauyi Rasha samun a cikin labarin na sabon sarki, daya daga cikin na farko dokokin wanda shine shiri na Order of St .. Anna zuwa ga daraja da jihar lambobin yabo da ta rabo a cikin 3 manyan har. Yanzu wani kwafin da oda, wanda aka sanya a cikin Sarkin sarakuna matasan, ya samu doka matsayi da bi da 3 digiri.

Da farko an zaci cewa Rasha ta shugabanni za a sãka bisa ga Order of kadai sanda. Order of bayyanar shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan mataki zuwa wanda ya mallakar. Its size dangane da matakin jeri daga 3.5 cm zuwa 5.2 cm.

1. Order of St. Anne 1 digiri - encrusted tare da Diamonds. Sa wannan irin Order dogara a kan m ja kintinkiri da rawaya ratsi cewa mika tare da gefuna. Sun bayar da shi a lokaci guda tare da azurfa star. Kuma da star yi jefa kan kafadarsa ta dama, da kuma Order ta hagu. A wani zinariya bango aka located takwas nuna star a tsakiyar wanda aka sanya a ja giciye. Around ta karkara a Latin haruffa taken na Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem aka samu, saboda haka, daga cikin canja wurin za a iya kammala da cewa su aka bayar da aminci da kuma masu tsoron Allah.

Red launi da gicciye da aka cimma ta shafi tare da enamel, kewaye da bakin ciki da zinariya iyaka. A cikin cibiyar da gicciye aka located a kan siffar da Duchess Anna White kanti a kan wani cikakken tsawon. Yana kuma da aka kewaye da wani zinariya iyaka. A kan Reverse gefen shi aka located Order monogram Duchess kaga amfani blue enamel. Sama da fuska image na Anna hovered malã'iku biyu rike a hannuwansu da na sarki kambi.

A 1829, da lu'u-lu'u abun da ake sakawa da aka sani kawai, lambar yabo da aka ba 'yan asalin kasashen waje, da kuma tun 1874 aka sunkuyar da image na na sarki kambi a kan umarni na farko mataki.

2. The Order of St. Anne 2 digiri - inlaid dutse yanke gilashi. Ya zama dole a sa a kusa da wuyansa, tun lazimta kunkuntar kintinkiri. Amma, shi ne bayar da daidaikun mutane, ba su yarda da bangaskiyar Kirista, da kuma 'yan kasuwa. Duk da haka, wannan hoton na Order of Anna aka maye gurbinsu da biyu-gangarawa mikiya. A kan baya na domin sanya ta Azure launi nuna raguwa AIPF Taken Order, wanda manufarsa shine don tunatar da bayar da, cewa Countess 'yar Peter I. A Azurfa Star ba dõgara.

3. Order of St. Anne 3 digiri - ya fi na kowa bambanci. Sa dogara a kan Takobin na da takobinsa. Yana da wani kananan da'irar cikin wanda giciye enamel aka located in zobe na wannan abu, tare da biyu sassa aka sanya a cikin wani haske ja launi.

Shekaru 13 bayan da m fitarwa a matsayin jihar lambar yabo ɗauke da dokoki da aka canza. Yanzu na yi nashi da shi zuwa ga Bantu, da launi daga abin da yake a nan da nan nuna nasa ne bayar da soja ko farar hula. Bisa ga umurnin a kan 1847 Order of 3 digiri, an yanke shawarar zuwa sãka jami'an da suka yi aiki a kalla shekaru 12 a kan wannan matsayi ba kasa da 13 aji. Tun daga nan, da lambar yabo ta zahiri zama a dogara a kan sakamako ga dogon sabis.

4. The Order of St. Anne ta 4 digiri - da aka kafa ta dan Paul na - Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I. Wannan mataki da aka bayar da kawai jami'an soja. Domin ya kamata ya sa a kan makami da aka yi amfani a cikin nau'i na sojojin, wadda aka bayar da fuska.

Daga cikin batutuwa na Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I, da Order of 4 digiri aka mai suna "Cranberry". The abu ne cewa, ta size bai wuce 2.5 cm da aka daidai da wannan launi kamar yadda wannan Berry. Idan jami'in wanda ya rigaya an bayar da Order of 4th digiri, bayar da mafi girma lada ya kamata ya sa su a lokaci guda.

Sunan Order digiri 4 da aka canza daidai shekara guda bayan da mulkin canji halartar lalacewa Order 3 digiri. "Domin Jajircewa" yanzu shi ya kamata ya ƙara m sa-kai akwatin.

A tarihin awards

An fara daga 1857, da sarki bayar da umarni a cikinsa jami'an soja da aka bayar da ba kawai ga Order, inda siffar da Duchess Anna aka maye gurbinsu biyu da ketare takuba, amma kuma rukũ'i mai haske ja launi, don haka da cewa mutane na m sake samu tabbaci, saboda yanzu kowa wanda ya ga wani irin kyautar, da ake kira "Amirul Order Cranberry" baya ya baya.

Awarding na "Cranberry" Order aka sanya up ga juyin juya halin na 1917 , lokacin da duk lambobin yabo na tsarist daular aka hukumance soke sabuwar gwamnatin.

The Jeweled domin umarni 1 da 2 digiri aka muhimmanci modified, ko da yake da shi ba zai shafi bidi'a da awardees na kasashen.

zamanintar da Order

A ƙarshen XIX karni da kuma canza hanya don awarding da Order of 3 digiri. Riga tun 1847 domin zama dubawa na kyautar da aka bukata bauta wa a cikin sojojin, ko kuma a cikin post jami'in ba kasa da shekaru 8. Bugu da kari, mafi kuma canza look daga cikin tsari na 3 digiri. Tun 1855 2 da ketare takuba da aka kara da shi.

Har tsakiyar XIX karni, kowane mutum da aka kafa domin kyautar, samu a Bugu da kari wasu amfani wa Order. Saboda haka, ban da wani mataki na Order shi ya kamata ya kuma Jaruman Nasara, amma saboda high Yaduwar awardees wannan mulkin canza, barin tribal nobility ana mai suna kawai ga mutanen da bayar da Order of 1st digiri. Wasu ba tafin kafa daraja take, ba wani canja wuri zuwa maye.

A wannan yanayin, idan aka bayar da lambobin yabo yan kasuwa ko mutane suka yi ba tuba zuwa Kristanci, sai suka zama digirorin girmamawa jama'a na Rasha Empire, aka knighted.

A mafi yawan sanannun mutane, sãka musu da Order:

• Laftanar Janar Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - sãka musu da Alisabatu.
• Generalissimo Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov - Holstein samu cikin Order of St. Anne.
• Kutuzov, karbi Order of St. Anna kamar yadda ya lambar yabo ta farko a 1789.

Rayuwa rabo Award

Badge sadarwa. Anna ko Anna ta mindar, kafa a 1796 ta Paul 1 da kuma wani zinariya-plated samu lambar, wanda shi ne cibiyar ta Red Cross. Yana aka bayar ga soja, wanda yawan shekaru wuce shekaru 20.

Bugu da kari ga kyautar dogara da mafi da monetary diyya, da adadin abin da yake kai tsaye dogara a kan abin yabo da matsayi bã zã a sãka, kuma zai iya isa $ 100.

Order 3 ko 4 ba tare da wata baka da kudi da aka bayar da su karfafa wadanda ba izini jami'an, da tsawon sabis abin da ya sanya fiye da shekaru 10.

Awards na Rasha Empire

• Oda Andreya Pervozvannogo - Bitrus I kafa a 1698. Sãkã musu, dõmin su ƙarfin zuciya da kuma biyayya ga mahaifarsa da kuma Sarkin sarakuna. A cewar labari, Peter Mai girma, wanda ya koma daga tafiya zuwa Ingila, ya so ya yi a samu lambar kamar abin da ya gani a Rasha.
• Order of Liberation - kafa Bitrus da Great a 1713. A lokacin da rayuwar Bitrus na samu wannan lambar yabo daga hannun Sarkin sarakuna kawai matarsa Catherine A .. A tunawa ya faru Nuwamba 24, 1714.

A nan gaba, suka bayar da matan shahararren Rasha Figures ga amfani zamantakewa. Yana da aka asali ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin lada dace hali na na sarki matarsa a lokacin da wani m Prussian yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1711.

A cewar labari, bayan da sojojin Rasha da aka kewaye da Turks, Catherine bayar da su kayan ado cin hanci Turkish kwamandan, don haka sojojin nasara a yin zaman lafiya da kuma koma gida. Shaidun wannan taron bai tabbatar da canja wurin da lu'ulu'ai a matsayin cin hanci, amma mai kyau hali ciki Empress aka lura da duk soja. Domin ya sa 2, halin da sãɓãwar launukansa datsa gemstones. A farko mataki da aka encrusted tare da Diamonds, da kuma na biyu - wani dutse yanke gilashi.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine na kafa a 1725. Yi nufin sãka sakandare jami'an gwamnati. Domin da farko lokacin da lambar yabo da aka yi bisa ga doka da oda a ranar da bikin aure na Bitrus I zuwa Catherine I. The lambar yabo da aka samu mutane 18.
• Soja Order of St George - shar'anta ta Catherine II a 1769. Bayar da sojojin da suka yi nuna musamman ƙarfin hali a cikin yãƙi. Na yi digiri na hudu bambanci.
• Order of Prince Vladimir - shar'anta ta Catherine II a watan Julin 1782. Bayar da ma'aikata da kuma ma'aikata na tsakiyar darajõji. Yawan masu karɓa ba hananna ba. An kerarre a hudu daban-daban digiri.
• Domin sadarwa. Anne kuma Maltese Cross - shar'anta Paul na da ɗansa Alexander I, kuma ru nauyin domin. Anne ta 4 digiri a 1797. Bayar da soja ma'aikata da kuma fararen hula, daidai bambanta kansu a gaban sarki. Order na Maltese Cross ta bayyana a lokacin da kãma Misira da kuma Malta, Napoleon miƙa kai tsaye zuwa Sarkin sarakuna Paul na yarda da mutunci da Grand Jagora na Order of St. John Urushalima.
• Order na White Eagle, da Order of St. Stanislaus da Order of Virtuti Militari - kafa ta Nicholas I a 1831. Wadannan umarni kasance wani ɓangare na Rasha umarni bayan da Accession na Rasha Poland. An gabatar da Yaren mutanen Poland sojoji ƙarfin zuciya a fama. Kuma awarding wadannan umarni iya kawai za'ayi a cikin shekaru biyar daga ranar karshen tashin.
• Order of Princess Olga - shar'anta ta Nicholas II a 1913. Bayar da su a mace ga hali na jama'a da sabis. Bisa ga Order of kyautar iya ko dai sarki da kansa, ko da mutum ga hannunsa ya na musamman na sarki diploma.

A karshen wannan labarin ina son in sake jaddada invaluable taimako na pre-neman sauyi Rasha da mulki daular, a cikin halittar zamani jihar, dukan tarihin samuwar ne up ga juyin juya halin na 1917 za a iya gano a kan umarni samu ta fi zababbun na lokaci.