Diene hydrocarbons: tsarin, isomerism da nomenclature

Diene hydrocarbons (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - cikakken hydrocarbons, a cikin tsarin inda akwai biyu biyu shaidu. Idan akai la'akari da sinadaran tsarin alkadienes kasu kashi uku iri: Na rubuta - a cumulated diolefins shaidu (SN2SSN2). Type II - alkadienes da Tasrifu (conjugated) Hadin. biyu shaidu a cikin diene tsarin rabu da guda bond (N2SSNSNSN2). Type III - dienes da makaran sadarwa (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

Diene hydrocarbons: general halaye

Na uku iri dienes mafi ban sha'awa ga sinadaran masana'antu irin II ne alkadienes. Amfani electron samu cewa biyu shaidu a cikin butadiene kwayoyin tsakanin C1 da C4 ne fiye ethylene kwayoyin.

Diene hydrocarbons: isomerism

Domin wadannan kwayoyin mahadi halin iri biyu isomerism - sarari (stereoisomerism) da kuma tsarin. Nau'i na farko - tsarin isomerism hydrocarbon sarkar wanda zai iya zama a mike ko branched. Nau'i na biyu na isomerism ne saboda sarari sarrafawa daga kwayoyin zarra da atomic kungiyoyin a kusa da biyu shaidu. Kamar wancan kafa trans- da Kish-isomers dienes. Alal misali, domin kwayoyin dabara diene S5N8 akwai uku tsarin isomers:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2. CH2C (CH3) SNSN2. SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbons: nomenclature

Domin diene sunayen amfani da biyu nomenclatures - tarihi (misali, Malaman Tarbiyya Allen) da kuma IUPAC (International Union of rubuce da kuma aiyuka Chemistry). Bisa ga IUPAC nomenclature, da farko ya kira diene m alkane, a cikin sunan wanda "en" da aka maye gurbinsu da kari na baya baki "diene", sa'an nan da Figures nuna wurin sarrafawa na biyu shaidu a cikin hydrocarbon sarkar. hydrocarbon sarkar Ƙidayar ne da za'ayi haka da cewa lambobin suna da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci darajar. dienes na dabara ba sama IUPAC nomenclature za a kira a matsayin haka: 1,4-pentadiene. 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. 1,3-pentadiene.

Akwai da dama na masana'antu da kuma awon hanyoyin diene kira. Babban wadanda ne depolymerization na halitta roba (bushe barasan), da hanyar catalytic dehydration na alkanes, dehydration Hanyar monohydric cikakken alcohols.

Butadiene - mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da roba rubbers (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), kazalika da perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - wani abu da halayyar wari. Da farko isoprene samar daga halitta roba ta bushe barasan. Isoprene aka kuma shirya da dehydration na isopentane. Amfani da, don samar da roba roba, magani da kuma aromatic abubuwa.

Rubbers - sosai karfi da kuma na roba abu na Organic asalin wanda aka samar daga halitta albarkatun kasa (na halitta roba) da kuma roba hanyoyin (roba). Dalili na roba ne diene kwayoyin Tasrifu da biyu shaidu. A tayoyin generated a lokacin aiki na abu da kuma dumama sulfur (vulcanization). Rubbers - mai da muhimmanci sosai albarkatun kasa domin samar da tayoyin da shambura, insulating tube, roba mittens, takalma da sauran abubuwa a yi amfani da masana'antu, iyali, m, kiwon lafiya da kuma dabbobi magani.

Ethylenic hydrocarbons a cikin tsarin da daya biyu bond. Wani lokaci wadannan mahadi suna kira olefins saboda ƙananan gaseous alkenes maida martani tare da chlorine ko bromine ta samar da wani m fili, wadda ne insoluble a ruwa.

Acetylenic hydrocarbons (alkynes) - mahadi, wanda dauke daya sau uku bond. A mafi darajar duk alkynes ne acetylene wanda aka samu ta hanyar maida martani alli carbide da ruwa. Wannan gas da ake amfani a autogenous waldi da kuma yankan karafa. Acetylene - mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, roba acetylene, acid acetate, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.