Alli carbide

A sakamakon da hulda da carbon da karafa a high temperaturahpoluchayutsya carbides. Alal misali, alli carbide: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Daga cikin dukkan carbides shi yana mai girma m darajar. Pure CaC2 - kyau crystallizing m, colorless lu'ulu'u kafa ions Ca2 + kuma C2-. Sauran sunayen - Alli acetylide ko alli carbide. Matauni taro ne daidai da 64,1 g / mole. Shi ne ba maras tabbas, kuma ba mai narkewa a cikin wani na san kaushi, da kuma decomposes da mataki na ruwa. ta yawa ne 2,22 g / cm³. Da narkewa zafin jiki ya 2160 ° C da kuma tafasar - 2300 ° C. A mataki na tasiri a jiki ne mai abu hadarin gaske musamman (1st class of hatsarin).

Da farko alli acetylide aka shirya a 1862 da Jamusanci sunadarai Fridrihom Velerom lokacin tsanani da tare da gawayi gami da tutiya da alli. Sun kuma bayyana dauki alli carbide da H2O. Ko da tare da ta burbushi (msl, yanayi danshi) na alli carbide reacts vigorously da a saki babban adadin zafi. Amma idan akwai rashin ruwa sakamakon acetylene autoignition iya faruwa. Alli carbide vigorously reacts tare da diluted inorganic acid da kuma mai ruwa-ruwa mafita daga alkalis. Wannan ma shi ne wani kasafi na acetylene. Da yake mai karfi da rage wakili, CaC2 iya tanadi duk da karfe oxides zuwa carbides ko m karafa.

Samun alli carbide ba m saboda alli, da kuma ta oxide. A high yanayin zafi (daga 2000 zuwa 2300 ° C) ne ta dawo da. Da karfe, kuma carbon suna da alaka: Cao + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. A tsari faruwa a wani lantarki baka makera, a cikinsa wani Lagwani cakuda da sauri lemun tsami da kuma coke ko Anthracite. A danyen samfurin ne masu launin, yana da wani grayish launi, domin ya ƙunshi impurities a cikin nau'i na free carbon, oxide, kuma sulfide, alli phosphide da sauran sinadaran mahadi. Mass sulusi da murabba'i CaC2 cikinta ne 80-85%.

A dauki na carbides da ruwa tsaye ko karfe, ko acetylene. Kamar yadda na biyu embodiment reacts da ruwa da alli carbide. Acetylene, sakamakon dauki cewa yana da masana'antu muhimmancin: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, shi ne mai fasaha kuma yana da wani m wari, domin ya ƙunshi lamba na impurities (NH3, H2S, PH3, da dai sauransu). Ko da yake a cikin tsarki tsari, shi ne wani colorless iskar gas da halayyar wari wajen rauni, kuma shi ne quite mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Yana da muhimmanci a samu alli cyanamide (a albarkatun kasa a samar da cyanide mahadi ko amfani a matsayin taki) carbide ta maida martani da shi tare da nitrogen a dauki lissafi: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

Last CaC2 yadu amfani carbide fitilu, wanda aiki a matsayin wani tushe na acetylene harshen wuta. A halin yanzu, da yin amfani da irin wannan haske Madogararsa aka iyakance yafi potholing, an kuma yi amfani da buoys da lighthouses. Sauran muhimmanci yankunan aikace-aikace CaC2 - ne sinadaran fasaha, inda shi ne albarkatun kasa. Alal misali, a samar da sunadarai, yafi na su shi ne roba roba. Har ila yau samu daga alli carbide acetylene baki, vinyl chloride, roba acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, roba resins, styrene. The karfe da ake amfani da deoxidization da desulfurization karafa (akan rage oxygen da kuma sulfur, bi da bi). Alli carbide da ake amfani da yi na a shuka girma kayyadewa, a carbide foda reagent (acetylene waldi).

Shiri kowane ton CaC2 bukatar game da 3 dubu kW / h da wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, an sami kuɓuta ta wurin low farashin da shi. Overall, duk da haka, duniya samar da alli carbide aka girma. Idan a cikin 70s na baya karni, a shekara nuna har zuwa 5 ton miliyan, a cikin karni, yawan ya girma ta game da rabi. Alal misali, a kasar Sin, da samar da acetylene dangane da alli carbide ne babban tushen raw kayan ga sinadaran masana'antu, musamman domin samar da polyvinyl chloride. A samar da acetylene daga albarkatun kasa more tattali fiye da yin amfani da shigo da man fetur. Saboda haka, ta samar a kasar Sin da aka girma. A shekarar 2005, shi ya kai ton miliyan 8,94, kuma akwai wata real damar samar da ton miliyan 17.

Ba kamar China, Amurka, Turai da Japan carbonaceous alli ci yawanci rage-rage. A matakin na ta samar a Amurka a cikin 90s amounted zuwa kawai 236 dubu ton a kowace shekara. A kasar, da alli carbide samar bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla aka bayyana a cikin ISO 1460-81. Its main abokan ciniki - shi ne Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania da kuma Slovakia. Saboda da babban ikon amfani da samfurin dangane da karuwa a farashin wutar lantarki amfani da alli acetylide a Rasha da kuma aikawa kasashen fadi da rabi.