Systematics - da kimiyya da karatu da nazarin halittu bambancin a duniya

Idan ka aka tambaye su bayyana your gida mai dakuna, sa'an nan ku yiwuwa ba dole kiran kõwane abu guda, kamar yadda wannan canja wuri zai šauki tsawon lokaci. Maimakon haka, ka yiwuwa zai rage wuya duk wannan da ra'ayoyi abubuwa cikin Categories kamar littattafai, toys, e, zane-zane, furniture da sauransu. Mene ne taxonomy? Yana da wani kimiyya da karatu da nazarin halittu bambancin da Flora da fauna da nau'ukanta

Menene taxonomy?

Tunanin idan ba za ka iya bayyana cikin birnin ba tare da yin amfani da daban-daban Categories, kamar motoci, mutane, da gine-gine, da gadoji da kuma hanyoyi? Shi ya sa muke bukatar systematics. Yanzu yi kokarin kwatanta masanin kimiyya ne da ba shi da wani damar gama dukan talikan a duniya. A ilmin halitta, taxonomy - da kimiyya da nazarin da classifies dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya.

Iri biyu systematics

Akwai biyu a hankali related da overlapping matakan rarrabuwa: taxonomy (da aka sani da Linnaeus 'tsarin) da kuma phylogenetic.

• Taxonomic rarrabuwa na kungiyoyin na halittu masu rai a kan tushen da kamance. Alal misali, dabbobi da sa qwai da kuma da Sikeli, da muke kira masu rarrafe, da dabbobin da aka haife rai da kuma Jawo ko gashi, za mu kira dabbobi masu shayarwa.
• Phylogenetic rarrabuwa amfani taxonomic sunayen da pokazavayut matsayin wani rukuni na kwayoyin evolutionarily da alaka da juna. Alal misali, gwaggon biri ne mafi hankali da alaka da mutane fiye da kyankyasai.

Systematics dabbobi - da kimiyya da nazarin da classifies duk nazarin halittu bambancin da fauna. Don zana wani misalin da mutum dangantaka, cewa kowace dabba yana da wani sunan (taxonomic rarrabuwa), kazalika da wasu mataki na kinship tare da wasu kwayoyin. Alal misali, chimpanzee da macaque so, a alamance magana, da 'yan'uwa da su kawun ne gorilla, wani mutum zai yi musu nĩsa dangi, amma tare da kyankyaso da ba su sani ba (phylogeny). shuka systematics - da kimiyya da karatu cikin babbar iri-iri na Flora.

Karl Linney - da uba na zamani taxonomy

Me za ka yi ba tare da duniya hanyar ilmin halitta kungiyar kwayoyin? Ba zai zama da rudani. A wannan invaluable kayan aiki ba gode Karla Linneya, kuma aka sani da Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778). Yaren mutanen Sweden botanist, dabbobi da kuma likita dauke a cikin kimiyyar zamani a matsayin "uban taxonomy". Ya ne farkon wanda ya consistently amfani da wani rarrabuwa tsarin (taxonomy) ga rarrabuwa na kwayoyin dangane da kowa halaye. Yana lokaci guda mai gintsẽwa, mai sauki hanya ba sosai kimiyya tushe a cikin filin na rarrabuwa.

nazarin halittu bambancin

Systematics - da kimiyya na nazarin halittun da karatu ta babbar iri-iri masu rai, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin fassara fasali na halitta duniya. Wannan kimiyya horo ne a hankali alaka da lafiyar qasa da Juyin halitta. Systematics - da kimiyya da nazarin da aka dauke su da samuwar sabon nau'in yadda faruwa ko da muhalli matakai, me ya sa wasu kungiyoyin tallafawa wani mai wuce yarda da fadi da kewayon jinsuna, da kuma wasu kwayoyin kawai mutu fita.

Wannan shi ne saboda da halaye na daban-daban kwayoyin, wanda damar wani cikakken nazari na musamman kungiyoyin. Systematics neman fahimtar tarihin rayuwa ta hanyar phylogenetic da kwayoyin dangantaka da halittu masu rai. Evaluation na bambancin da ilimi na akida, da kuma hanyoyin da wannan horo ne mai muhimmanci a cikin qasa, juyin halitta da kuma kiyayewa ilmin halitta.

Systematics da phylogenetic itãciya

Systematics - da kimiyya da karatu da bambancin da masu rai, da kuma yanzu, kazalika da dangantaka a kan lokaci, kamar yadda aka nuna a phylogenetic itatuwa. Evolutionary itace ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa: na farko ne da aka sani a matsayin tsari na sashe, wanda ya nuna dangantakar kwayoyin a cikin kungiyar, da ake kira da tsawon na biyu reshe fassara da lokaci na ci gaba, ta hanyar abin da ya wuce kwayoyin.

darajar

Systematics taka tsakiyar rawa a ilmin halitta, samar da wata hanya ta faye hali karatu kwayoyin. Saboda da rarrabuwa da ta nuna juyin dangantaka, yana yiwuwa ya hango ko hasashen da kuma gwada daban-daban shiriritar. Phylogeny iya zama da amfani ga kiyasin data game da tarihin rayuwar ba da-karatu nazarin halittu kungiyoyin.

Halittu systematics karatu na rarraba duk mai rai siffofin, da kuma yanzu, kazalika da dangantaka tsakanin su. Dendrograms jinsunan kuma mafi girma ya canza matsayin da amfani ga karatu da juyin halitta daga halaye (msl, kwayoyin ko kwayoyin halaye) da kuma nuna rarraba kwayoyin (biogeography). Systematics ne dole ne na fahimtar juyin halitta tarihin rayuwar Duniya.