Kwado erythrocytes: sifa da aiki

Jini ne wani ruwa nama cewa ya yi aikin da ya fi muhimmanci aiki. Duk da haka, a cikin daban-daban kwayoyin bambanta a cikin tsarin da ta abubuwa, wanda aka nuna a cikin su Physiology. Wannan labarin ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin siffofin na ja da maikacin jini, da ja da maikacin jini ne m adam da kuma rana.

A iri-iri na jini Kwayoyin

Jini kafa ruwa intercellular abu, wanda ake kira jini da kuma kafa abubuwa. Wadannan su ne farin jini Kwayoyin, ja jini Kwayoyin da platelets. A farko ne colorless Kwayoyin, wanda ba su da m siffar da kuma da kansa matsawa a cikin jini. Sun iya gane da nike waje da jiki barbashi da phagocytosis, don haka kafa rigakafi. Wannan shi ne jiki ta ikon yin tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban. Farin jini Kwayoyin suna da bambancin, da immunological ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma kare rayayyun kwayoyin halitta daga lokacin da na haihuwa.

Platelets kuma yi wani m aiki. Sun bayar da jini clotting. Dalili na wannan tsari ne da enzymatic hira dauki sunadaran da samuwar na insoluble form. Wannan results a cikin wani jini gudan jini, wanda aka kira a thrombus.

Features da kuma ayyuka na erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, ko ja da maikacin jini ne Tsarin dauke numfashi enzymes. Su siffar da ciki abinda ke ciki a dabbobi daban daban za su iya bambanta. Duk da haka, akwai wani yawan kamance da kuma. A talakawan ja jini Kwayoyin rayuwa har zuwa 4 watanni kafin a halakar a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma hanta. A wurin da samuwar ne ja bargo. Red jini Kwayoyin suna kafa daga duniya kara Kwayoyin. Kuma jariri hematopoietic nama da duk iri kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma manya - kawai lebur.

A dabba jiki, wadannan Kwayoyin yi wani iri-iri na da muhimmanci ayyuka. Babban daya ne numfashi. Da aiwatar da zai yiwu godiya ga gaban ja jini Kwayoyin a cikin cytoplasm na musamman pigments. Wadannan abubuwa ma sanin da launi na jini dabbobi. Alal misali, mollusks, zai iya zama m, yayin da polychaete tsutsotsi - kore. Red jini Kwayoyin rana jini samar da ruwan hoda launi, da kuma mutumin da ya ke haske - ja. Sadar da oxygen a cikin huhu, suka kawo shi don kowane cell na jiki, inda aka ba da a haɗe carbon dioxide. Last ciyar a baya shugabanci da kuma aka exhaled.

Red jini Kwayoyin suna kuma hawa da amino acid, dauke da fitar da sinadirai aiki. Wadannan Kwayoyin - da yan dako na daban-daban enzymes cewa suna iya yin tasiri cikin kudi na sinadaran halayen. A surface na erythrocytes suna located antibody. Godiya ga wadannan abubuwa na gina jiki hali ja jini Kwayoyin kisa ga kuma neutralize da gubobi, kare jiki da cuta haddasa su da tasiri.

Juyin Halitta na ja jini Kwayoyin

Kwado erythrocytes ne da misali matsakaici sakamakon juyin canji. Domin da farko lokacin da wadannan Kwayoyin bayyana a protostomes dabbobi, da suka hada da kintinkiri-kamar tsutsotsi nemerteans, echinoderms da mollusks. Su mafi tsoho wakilan haemoglobin aka located kai tsaye a cikin jini jini. Tare da ci gaba da dabbobi bukatar oxygen karu. A sakamakon haka, da adadin haemoglobin a cikin jini ya karu, yin jini mafi danko sosai da wuya numfashi. Hanyar fita daga wannan zargin ja jini Kwayoyin. Da farko ja jini Kwayoyin ne fairly manyan Tsarin, mafi yawan abin da daukan da zuciyar. Hakika, da abun ciki na numfashi pigment a cikin irin wannan tsarin ne bai isa a kula, saboda shi kawai bai isa ba sarari.

Daga bisani juyin metamorphosis raya zuwa ga rage girman erythrocytes, kara maida hankali da kuma nau'i nau'i a cikin su tsakiya. A lokacin, biconcave siffar ja jini Kwayoyin ne mafi dacewa. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa haemoglobin - daya daga cikin mafi tsoho pigments. Yana ko da ya auku a cikin sel m ciliates. A yau duniya na Organic haemoglobin riƙe da rinjaye matsayi tare da kasancewar sauran numfashi pigments, kamar yadda daukawa mafi girma adadin oxygen.

Oxygen damar jini

A jijiya jini a lokaci guda a cikin mamaye jihar iya zama kawai sosai gas. Wannan adadi da aka kira a matsayin oxygen ajiya iya aiki. Yana dogara da dalilai da dama. Da farko, shi ne adadin haemoglobin. Kwado erythrocytes a wannan batun yawa na baya zuwa ja sel da jini. Sun dauke da adadi kaɗan na wani numfashi pigment da ta maida hankali ne low. Don kwatanta, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa haemoglobin kunshe ne a cikin 100 ml na jini girma ta ɗaure oxygen daidai to 11 ml, da kuma a cikin mutane, wannan adadi ya kai 25.

Abubuwan da kara da ikon na haemoglobin don hašawa oxygen ana ƙara jiki zafin jiki, PH na ciki yanayi, da kwayuka taro na Organic phosphate.

A tsarin da rana erythrocytes

Ganin rana erythrocytes karkashin wani microscope, shi ne mai sauki lura cewa wadannan Kwayoyin suna eukaryotic. Dukan su sun kõma sama a tsakiyar babban tsakiya. Yana daukan mai yawa sarari idan aka kwatanta da na numfashi pigments. A wannan batun, da adadin oxygen cewa za a iya hawa rage muhimmanci.

Kwatanta adam erythrocytes da kwaɗi

Red jini sel mutum da amphibian jinsin da yawan gagarumin bambance-bambance. Su muhimmanci shafi wasan kwaikwayon na ayyuka. Saboda haka, mutum erythrocytes ba su da nuclei, wanda muhimmanci ƙara da taro na numfashi pigments da adadin oxygen canjawa wuri. Located a cikin su musamman sashi - haemoglobin. Ya kunshi gina jiki, da baƙin ƙarfe-dauke da sassa - heme. rana erythrocytes dauke da kuma aiki na numfashi pigment, amma a da yawa karami yawa. gas musayar yadda ya dace ne ma ya karu da biconcave siffar mutum erythrocytes. Su ne fairly kananan size, sabili da haka su maida hankali ne mafi girma. Babban kama da mutum erythrocytes da kwado ne su aiwatar da guda aiki - numfashi.

A size of ja jini Kwayoyin

A tsarin da rana erythrocytes halin da fairly manyan size, wanda isa diamita na har zuwa 23 microns. A cikin mutane, wannan adadi ne da yawa m. Its erythrocytes da size of 7-8 microns.

maida hankali

Saboda da manyan size na rana erythrocytes da kuma halin da low taro. Saboda haka, a daya cubic mm halittar dabba mai kafafuwa su jini ne 0,38 Mill. Don kwatanta, mutum ne da adadin ya kai miliyan 5, qara numfashi damar jininsa.

A siffar da erythrocyte

Ganin rana erythrocytes karkashin madubin, za mu iya sanin ko su taso siffar fili. Shi ne kasa m fiye da biconcave woje na ja mutum jini Kwayoyin saboda shi ba ya da taimako zuwa wani karuwa a numfashi surface da kuma bautar da wani babban adadin a cikin jini. A daidai m siffar rana erythrocyte ya mayar da abin da na core. Yana shirya chromatin strands dauke da kwayoyin bayanai.

Banda kisan gillar dabbobi

Form erythrocyte rana kamar yadda ta ciki tsari, shi damar da wani sashe kawai iyaka adadin oxygen. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ba ya bukatar irin wannan adadin gas, kamar yadda dabbobi masu shayarwa. Abu ne mai sauqi don bayyana. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa numfashi ne da za'ayi ba kawai ta hanyar da huhu, amma kuma ta hanyar fata.

Wannan rukuni na dabbobi ne banda kisan gillar. Wannan yana nufin cewa da yanayin jikinsu ya dogara da canje-canje a cikin wannan index a cikin yanayi. Wannan yanayin ya dogara da tsarin da jijiyoyi. Saboda haka, tsakanin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya akwai wani shãmaki. Saboda haka, a dama atrium na venous da jijiya da jini da ake gauraya ta da kawota a wannan nau'i to tsokoki da kuma gabobin. Tare da fasali na tsarin ja da maikacin jini, abin da ya sa su gas musayar tsarin ne ba a matsayin cikakkiyar a dumin jiki dabbobi.

Dumin jiki dabbobi

A dumin jiki dabbobi akai yanayin jiki. Wadannan sun hada da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutumin. Jikinsu ba ya faruwa hadawa da jijiya da kuma venous jini. Wannan shi ne sakamakon ciwon cikakken bangare tsakanin ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya. A sakamakon haka, duk da kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin wasu fiye da huhu, ta shiga m jijiya jini ne tare da cikakken oxygen. Tare da mafi gwamnoni Wannan qara tsanani da gas musayar.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da siffofin ne mutum ja jini Kwayoyin da kwaɗi. Su main bambance-bambance da lãbãri ga size, gaban tsakiya da kuma jini taro. Kwado erythrocytes ne eukaryotic Kwayoyin ne ya fi girma, kuma su maida hankali ne low. Saboda wannan tsarin, sun dauke da kadan yawan numfashi pigment, duk da haka na huhu gas musayar auku a halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kasa da nagarta sosai. Wannan ne biya diyya wani ƙarin tsarin na fata dyhaniya.Osobennosti tsarin ja da maikacin jini, da jijiyoyi da thermoregulatory sunadaran Yanã banda kisan gillar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

Features na tsarin wadannan Kwayoyin a cikin mutane sun fi m. Biconcave siffar, kananan size, kuma babu wani tsakiya da aka muhimmanci ƙara yawan oxygen kwashe da kuma tsanani da gas musayar. Human erythrocytes da nagarta sosai kwashe numfashi aiki, hanzari saturating duk Kwayoyin da kwayoyin da kuma fede oxygen daga carbon dioxide.