Biyu salts: misalai da sunayen

Salts kasu kashi tsakiya, acidic, asali, biyu da kuma gauraye. Dukan su suna amfani da ko'ina a rayuwar yau da kullum, amma na fi - a cikin masana'antar. Fahimtar salts rarrabuwa ya sa ya yiwu don fahimtar kayan yau da kullum na sunadarai.

Yadda za a rarraba gishiri

Bari mu fara da definition na salts. Su sinadaran mahadi a cikin abin da acid saura ne guda biyu tare da wani karfe zarra. A bambanci zuwa wasu azuzuwan abubuwa, salts for hankula ionic sinadaran bond.

Members na wannan aji ya kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin da takamaiman halaye.

al'ada gishiri

Average salts a cikin abun da ke ciki da kawai wani karfe cations da acidic saura. Kamar yadda wani misali, irin mahadi za a iya ambata sodium chloride, potassium sulfate. Wannan kungiyar da aka dauke su ya fi na kowa a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Daga cikin hanyoyin da shirye-shiryen rubutu neutralization aiwatar da za'ayi tsakanin acid da kuma tushe.

acid salts

Wannan rukuni na mahadi kunshi karfe, hydrogen da wani acid saura. Samar da irin wannan mahadi polybasic acid: phosphoric, sulfuric, carbonic. A matsayin misali, wani acid gishiri da ciwon yadu a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, za a iya ambata sodium bicarbonate (bicarb). Irin wannan abubuwa samu ta hanyar dauki tsakanin acid da kuma gishiri matsakaici.

asali salts

karfe cations ne ba a cikin wadannan mahadi, da hydroxyl kungiyar da anions na acid moiety. Misalai na asali gishiri ne alli hydroxychloride.

gauraye salts

Biyu salts da ake nufi da kasancewar biyu karafa wanda ya maye gurbin hydrogen a acid. Da samuwar abubuwa na irin wannan abun da ke ciki halayyar polybasic acid. Alal misali, sodium potassium carbonate ne ba kawai biyu m karfe. Dual gauraye salts da darajar da sinadaran masana'antu, amfani da ko'ina a rayuwar yau da kullum.

Features gauraye gishiri

Biyu salts na potassium da sodium suna kunshe ne a cikin yanayi kamar yadda na sylvinite. Har ila yau iya kafa wani gauraye potassium-aluminum gishiri.

Mixed (biyu) salts ne mahadi wanda ya kunshi daban-daban anions ko cations. Alal misali, a Bleach a cikin abun da ke ciki na da anion hypochlorous da hydrochloric acid.

Na musamman sha'awa ne dual ammonium gishiri. Mafi yawa daga cikin samu abu da ake amfani da matsayin taki.

Shiri na biyu salts na ammonium aka yi da maida martani ammonia da polybasic acid. Diammonium bukaci a yi na harshen retardants (harshen wuta retardants). Biyu salts dauke da wani impurities ake bukata a cikin Pharmaceutical da abinci masana'antu.

Industrial muhimmancin ammoniytsinkovye, magnesium phosphates. Saboda da negligible solubility a ruwa, da irin salts aiki retardants aiki a paints da kuma robobi.

Wadannan biyu salts su dace da impregnation na yadudduka da kuma itace kare saman da danshi. Iron da aluminum ammonium phosphates - kyau kwarai wajen domin kare karfe gininsu daga lalata halitta tafiyar matakai.

Misalai na biyu gishiri da ciwon fasaha ma'anar iya kai wa ga baƙin ƙarfe da kuma tutiya. Su ne mai kiwo ƙasa domin yisti girma a bukatar a yi na ashana, rufi kayayyakin, Mica.

liyafar

Dual ammonium salts ana shirya ta thermal jikewa na phosphoric acid da kuma ammonia wasu Alkali. Industrial amfani dimmoniyfosfat. An samar da thermal jiyya na ammonia da phosphoric acid. Ga nasara Hakika na aiwatar bukatar zazzabi na kusa da 70 digiri Celsius. Da dabara ya shafi samuwar wani hazo aluminum phosphate, da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda shi ne ma ta masana'antu aikace-aikace.

Wasu matsaloli bayyana tare da biyu salts sunayen saboda gaskiyar cewa suna dauke da haka acid saura ko biyu cations.

Magniyammoniyfosfat bukatar a sinadaran masana'antu, sabili da haka ta hanyar halitta yana da wasu halaye. Neutralizing shi tare da ammonia gas hakar phosphoric acid, wanda aka haxa shi da wani magnesium phosphate.

hadaddun mahadi

Tsakanin hadaddun da biyu salts, akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Bari mu yi kokarin gano fasali na hadaddun salts. Abun da ke ciki da shawara gaban wani hadadden ion, wanda aka bracketed. Bugu da kari ga irin wannan mahadi ba complexing (tsakiyar ion). Ya aka kewaye da barbashi, wanda ake kira ligands. Domin hadaddun salts ne halin da stepwise dissociation. A mataki na farko shi ne samuwar hadaddun ion matsayin cation ko anion. Bugu da ari, akwai wani m dissociation daga cikin hadaddun ion a kan cation da ligands.

Features salts nomenclature

Ganin cewa akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban iri salts, su nomenclature ban sha'awa. Domin matsakaici salts sunan da aka generated dangane da anion (chloride, sulfate, nitrate), to wanda aka kara da take Rasha karfe. Alal misali, CaCO3 - shi ne alli carbonate.

A acid Bugu da kari salts halin hydro- Consoles. Alal misali, KNSO3- potassium hydrogencarbonate.

Nomenclature asali salts ya shafi yin amfani da hydroxo Consoles. Saboda haka, a gishiri na Al (OH) 2Cl aka kira aluminum digidroksohlorid.

Lokacin da take biyu gishiri dauke da biyu cations, da farko ba da take anion, sa'an nan jerin biyu karafa kunshe a cikin fili.

More hadaddun lakabi ne halayyar hadaddun mahadi. A sunadarai akwai wani musamman sashen cewa hulda da nazarin irin salts.

Idan muka bincika da jiki Properties na daban-daban da wakilan na biyu gishiri, shi za a iya lura da cewa, da sũ suke sãɓa muhimmanci a cikin su ikon narke a cikin ruwa. Daga cikin biyu salts ne misalai na abubuwa da ciwon kyau solubility, misali, sodium chloride, potassium. Daga cikin ƙwauro narkewa mahadi hada biyu salts na phosphoric da silicic acid.

By sinadaran Properties biyu salts ne kama da al'ada (talakawan) na iya maida martani tare da acid, wasu salts.

Nitrates da ammonium salts ana thermally bazu, forming dama dauki kayayyakin.

A cikin hali na electrolytic dissociation daga irin wannan mahadi za a iya samu saura anions da karfe cations. Alal misali, lalata da ions a kan aluminum potassium sulfate, a cikin bayani za a iya gano aluminum da potassium cations da sulphate - ions.

Rabuwa da gaurayawan na salts

Ganin cewa halitta ma'adanai dauke da kawai biyu karfe, akwai bukatar ka raba su. Daga cikin hanyoyi da yawa da za su rarrabe a cakuda salts za a iya ware fractional crystallization. Wannan hanya ya shafi cikin na farko narkewa na biyu gishiri, ta m division cikin daban-daban mahadi, sa'an nan crystallization. Irin bambance-bambancen rabuwa garwayayye hade da jiki halaye na abubuwa. Lokacin da raba cakuda sinadaran hanyoyin, reagents an zaba suke high quality ga wasu cations ko anions. Bayan hazo wasu sassa biyu gishiri hazo an cire.

Idan ya cancanta, da rabuwa da wani ternary tsarin a cikinsa akwai wani m lokaci, da kuma ba emulsion ne da za'ayi ta centrifugation.

ƙarshe

Biyu salts bambanta daga sauran iri salts gaban a da dabara na biyu karafa. A m nau'i, irin mahadi suna da wuya amfani da yafi su na asali rabu da jiki ko sinadaran hanyoyin, sa'an nan kuma amfani a fannoni daban daban na masana'antu samar. The biyu salts amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu a matsayin tushen da wani jam'i na nemi sunadarai.