Electrolytic dissociation - yadda za a fahimce shi?

Shin ka taba tunanin dalilin da ya sa wasu mafita gudanar da wutar lantarki, yayin da wasu - ba? Alal misali, mun san cewa shi ne mafi alhẽri ba dauki wanka a lokaci guda sa da na'urar busar da gashi. Bayan ruwa - mai kyau shugaba na lantarki halin yanzu, kuma idan da na'urar busar da dama a cikin ruwa, da gajeren kewaye ba za a iya kauce masa. A gaskiya, ruwa - ba haka ba kyau halin yanzu shugaba. Akwai mafita cewa gudanar da wutar lantarki mafi alhẽri. Irin wannan abubuwa suna kira a matsayin Wutan. Wadannan sun hada da acid, sansanonin da ruwa mai narkewa salts.

Wutan - su waye ne?

The tambaya: me ya sa da mafita daga wasu abubuwa wuce wutar lantarki, da kuma sauran - ba? A dukan batu na cajin barbashi - cations da anions. Lokacin da narkewa a cikin ruwa, Wutan dissociate cikin ions, wanda a karkashin mataki na lantarki halin yanzu motsa a cikin wani qaddara shugabanci. Gaskiya ma cajin cations motsa zuwa ga korau iyakacin duniya - da cathode, da kuma barnatar da cajin anions matsawa zuwa tabbatacce m - anode. Kan aiwatar da Lalacewar wakili a cikin ions a lokacin da suka narke, ko narkewa a cikin ruwa yana mai girman kai, name - electrolytic dissociation.

Wannan kalma buga Swedish masanin kimiyya S.Arrenius a lokacin da karatu da kaddarorin ruwaye gudãna da wutar lantarki. A saboda wannan dalili shi rufe wani lantarki kewaye ta hanyar wani abu da kuma barin fitilar hasken wuta, cikinsa da bayani ko ba. Idan wani lagwanin hasken wuta - don haka da mafita gudanar da wutar lantarki, daga abin da shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa abu ne mai electrolyte. Idan haske ne dadaddun - da mafita ba ya gudanar da wutar lantarki, don haka wannan abu - neelektrolit. By neeletrolitam hada da sukari mafita, barasa, glucose. Amma rastory gishiri, sulfuric acid da sodium hydroxide da ciwon mai girma lantarki yanzu haka gudana a cikinta electrolytic dissociation.

Ta yaya ne dissociation?

Daga bisani, ka'idar electrolytic dissociation wajen samar da kari Rasha masana kimiyya IA Sheqa da kuma VA Kistyakovskij da ake ji wa ta gaskata sinadaran ka'idar mafita DI Mendeleev.

Wadannan masu bincike gano cewa electrolytic dissociation na acid, alkalis kuma salts na electrolyte auku a sakamako na hydration, cewa shi ne ta hulda da ruwa kwayoyin. Ions, cations da anions generated da wannan tsari za a hydrated, da ake dangantawa da ruwa kwayoyin cewa kewaye su m zobe. Dũkiyõyinsu ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga wadanda ba hydrated ions.

Saboda haka, a cikin wani bayani da strontium nitrate Sr (NO3) 2, kazalika da cesium hydroxide CsOH mafita, electrolytic dissociation faruwa. Misalin wannan tsari za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan dauki lissafi :

Sr (NO3) 2 = Sr2 + + 2NO3 -,

ie bisa dissociation na daya kwayoyin na strontium nitrate kafa daya strontium cation, da kuma 2-nitrate anion.

CsOH = Cs + + OH-,

ie bisa dissociation na daya kwayoyin na cesium hydroxide kafa cesium cation da wani hydroxide anion.

An electrolytic dissociation na acid yakan faru kamar wancan. za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan lissafi ga wannan tsari hydriodic acid:

Hj = H + + CJ-,

ie bisa dissociation hydriodic acid kwayoyin audio kafa daya hydrogen cation da daya anion na aidin.

dissociation inji.

An electrolytic dissociation na Wutan abubuwa fitowa a dama matakai. Ga abubuwa da ionic shaidu kamar NaCl, NaOH, wannan tsari qunshi uku bi da bi matakai:

• farko ruwa da kwayoyin ciwon biyu daura da sandunan (tabbatacce kuma korau), kuma constituting a dipole daidaitacce a ion crystal. A tabbatacce iyakacin duniya, suna a haɗe zuwa korau ion crystal, da kuma mataimakin versa, korau m - da kyau ions a cikin ƙarau.

• sa'an nan ya auku hydration ions dipoles crystal ruwa,

• kuma kawai bayan wannan matsayin hydrated ions zuwa diverge a daban-daban kwatance da kuma fara matsawa a cikin wani bayani ko narkar da ka dai za su yi aiki ba a cikin lantarki filin.

  Ga abubuwa da covalent iyakacin duniya bond kamar HCI da sauran acid, da dissociation tsari ne irin wannan, sai dai cewa da farko mataki ne covalent bond ga mika mulki ion da mataki na ruwa dipoles. Wadannan karin bayanai abubuwa dissociation ka'idar.