Biology - da kimiyya da karatu abin?

Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho, amma m har yau kimiyya ne ilmin halitta. Yana da wani kimiyya da karatu da bambancin yanayi kewaye da mu. Bayan duk, kowace rana da muka fuskanci daruruwan halittu masu rai: kwari, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka da tsire-tsire da kuma, ba shakka, mutane. Kowane jiki yana da halaye da tsarin rayuwa, duk suna juna ta wasu dokoki da ake yi a iri daban-daban dangantaka. Duk wannan da kuma binciko irin wannan sararin, farin ciki da kuma da gaske mai girma kimiyya a matsayin ilmin halitta.

A biosphere na duniyarmu

Duniya tamu ne sanaki fadi da dama na rayuwa siffofin. Su duk hul] a da juna, samar da wani na kowa harsashi. Rayuwa fata na Duniya. Shi ne ake kira da biosphere. Bugu da kari ga Muciya, mu duniya yana da harsashi a matsayin hydrosphere, lithosphere da kuma yanayi. Halitta, dukan biomass biosphere harsashi ba ya wanzu baya daga sauran bawo. Saboda haka, wannan rabo ne mai matukar. A gaskiya, kowane daga cikin harsashi da aka hada da wakilai daga biosphere.

Alal misali, lithosphere ne densely lugar tare da tsutsotsi, kwayoyin, larvae, kwari da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Har ila yau, an located a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na ta mafi data kasance terrestrial shuke-shuke.

Hydrosphere, wakilta tara na iri daban-daban na ruwa a duniya, shi ne kullum da dukan duniya, da kyau da kuma ban sha'awa a cikin abun da ke ciki na biomass. A yanayi ne ma ba wani togiya. A iri-iri na ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka, kwari, tsuntsaye, da kuma ko da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da wani ɓangare na shi da kuma amfani da shi don m zama. A matsayin dukan, kusan dukan abubuwa masu rai (sai dai wasu daban na kwayoyin) ne iya rayuwa ne kawai a karkashin aerobic yanayi, watau a cikin yanayin duniya.

All biomass biosphere harsashi - a multimillion al'umma halittu masu rai. Kuma haka da kimiyya na namun dajin, ilmin halitta, duk a hada a cikin sassan, aka kawai tsunduma a wani cikakken nazari wannan babban al'umma.

Hanyar da kayayyakin amfani a cikin ilmin halitta da

Ga wani m bincike da kuma cikakken da kuma sauki Viewing dukkan halitta mai rai abubuwa na dabi'a, musamman kayan amfani a ilmin halitta. Kamar:

• wani wukar yin aikin tiyata.
• clamps.
• filaya.
• da aunawa kida;
• tarkuna-tabo.
• rokoki da kuma pestles.
• shambura.
• farantansa, da Petri tasa.
• dissecting allura da kuma allunan.
• madubai da kuma girman siffar da tabarau.
• wani iri-iri iri microscopes da sauransu.

Wannan, ba shakka, ba wani cikakken jerin duk iri-iri na kayan cewa taimake masana kimiyyar rayuwa a cikin ilmi da bincike.

Har ila yau, akwai takamaiman dabarun da amfani da ilmin halitta a matsayin kimiyya. nazarin halittun da hanyoyin bambanta, amma babban daga cikinsu za a iya classified kamar haka.

nazarin halittu hanya

A sakamakon haka, muna samun da wadannan sakamakon. Biology - da kimiyya da karatu tsarin halitta ne Mafi cikakke, m da kuma yin amfani da wani iri-iri, fasahar zamani.

Babban rassan ilmin halitta

Yau, ilmin halitta na da dama da matasa kimiyya, wanda aka kafa daga shi saboda da jari na babban adadin na ilimi a cikin wani iri-iri daga cikin mafi m batutuwa da suka shafi rayuwa. Mu rarrabe asali, tarihi ya ɓullo da yankunan da nazarin halittu kimiyya.

1. Janar Biology.
2. Auren.
3. Ilmin dabbobi.
4. O.
5. A Physiology na shuke-shuke da dabbobi.
6. Tiyata.
7. Human Physiology.
8. Lafiyar Qasa.
9. Biogeography.
10. Biochemistry.

Da farko, ilmin halitta - da kimiyya na halitta. Saboda haka, duk wadannan yankunan su ne muhimman hakkokin a cikin mahallin da wannan kimiyya.

Janar Biology: jigon, abu na nazari

A karkashin wannan sunan na nufin binciken na asali al'amurran rayuwa, da kowane mai rai da tsarin: asalin, juyin halitta da kuma fitowan a cikin yanayi, aiki. Sanadiyar haka ne, general ilmin halitta ya hada da wadannan sassan:

• Cell ka'idar da tsarin da cell.
• A yanayin halitta na juya na kwayoyin.
• Ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu.
• Auren.
• A ci gaba da dukan abubuwa masu rai.
• Lafiyar Qasa.
• Rukunan da biosphere na Duniya harsashi.

Daga cikin jerin ya bayyana cewa ilmin halitta - da kimiyya da karatu duniya halaye ga kowa da kowa zaune tsarin a matsayin dukan. A cikin shakka daga makaranta sanar da janar ilmin halitta a makarantar sakandare, daga 9 zuwa 11 har zuwa. Kuma da gaskiya da haka, saboda manufar da cewa shi ya hada a kanta, quite hadaddun, ƙato da kuma bukatar fiye da a kafa Outlook a dalibai.

O a cikin makaranta Hakika

Don kwanan wata, masana kimiyya sa lambar a game da 350 000 jinsunan, a lokacin da ta je iri-iri na zamani da shuke-shuke. Babu shakka, wannan adadi ne da muni, da kuma shuke-shuke ne na musamman da kuma ban sha'awa, ba ta samar da mai raba kimiyya wanda ke hulda na musamman tare da karatu. By wannan kimiyya da ya shafi o, ilmin halitta sashe.

All shuke-shuke za a iya raba terrestrial da kuma na cikin ruwa. Amma wannan shi ne kawai wani sosai m, surface rarrabuwa. A gaskiya ma, akwai mutane da yawa ya canza matsayin, danginsu, jinsunan, subspecies, da kuma sauran din raka'a, wanda aka raba da shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne jigon shuka taxonomy, daya daga cikin o sashen.

Akwai kuma da dama sauran sassan, rufe duk fannoni na shuka rayuwa:

• shuka ilimin halittar jiki.
• shuka Physiology.
• Kare Mahalli.
• biogeography.
• phylogeny.
• juyin halitta.
• Tattalin arziki o.

A totality of duk wadannan sciences, da waɗanda sassan cewa wani bangare ne na kowane daga gare su bi da bi, damar domin m nazari na jimlar na wani shuka kwayoyin. Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba da ilmin halitta - da kimiyya na shuke-shuke.

O karatu a makaranta hanya na ilmin halitta na 6-7 azuzuwan, dangane da horo shirin. Tambayoyi phylogeny da juyin halitta sanar a cikin 11th sa.

Ilmin dabbobi a cikin makaranta Hakika

Kimiyya ilmin dabbobi bayyana fiye 1350000 jinsunan kyau. Mafiya yawa ne kwaro - kwari, tsutsotsi, teku tãlikai. Wannan adadi ne ba karshe, saboda su gudanar da bincike Dabbobi ba su daina. Duk da cewa ga alama ba su da komai don bude da dukan dabbobi an san, zamanto lokaci zuwa lokaci gano sabon nau'in.

Ilmin dabbobi - daya daga cikin tsofaffin sciences, wanda ya hada da ilmin halitta. Dabbobi - daya daga cikin na kowa da ubiquitous tsarin halitta na duniya tamu. Ilmin dabbobi da alaka da nazarin tsarin (duka waje da ciki) dukan dabbobi, su taxonomy, Physiology, Anatomy, ethology, da lafiyar qasa da labarin kasa.

Kazalika da o, ilmin dabbobi sashe ne m ga nazarin kimiyyar halitta a makaranta. Its shakka dama a kan 7th sa.

Rawar da ilmin halitta a rayuwar mutum

Biology - da kimiyya da karatu da kuma maida hankali don haka da yawa daban-daban na rayuwa, da cewa babu wani shakka na da muhimmancin da kuma muhimmanci. Key misalai da cewa nuna a fili da kuma tabbatar da shi, kamar haka:

1. Animals cewa ne rigakafi ga ciwon daji marurai (sharks da kuma haskoki) ne mai kyau akai domin gano da kuma bude da maganin warkar da cutar na XXI karni.
2. Nasarori kwayoyin, biochemists kuma likita masana kimiyyar Adam su rabu da yawa bambancin cututtuka, ciki har da kwayar kuma kwayan asalin.
3. Fasahar binciken halittu, cell da kuma kayyade aikin injiniya ya sa ya yiwu don inganta aikin noma da kuma tabbatar da cewa ikon dukan al'ummai.
4. Anthropological ilmin halitta bayyana asalin duk rayuwa, ka sake hoton na duniya da kuma kauce wa kuskure a nan gaba.

Wannan ba duk da dalilai da kuma yanayi da cewa ba ka damar magana game da ilmin halitta kamar yadda mai da muhimmanci sosai da kuma gagarumin a cikin rayuwa da kuma al'adar mutanen kimiyya.

New rassan ilmin halitta

Don kwanan wata, wani matashi da alamar yankunan kimiyyar halitta ne, kamar:

• fasahar binciken halittu;
• ilimin.
• cell aikin injiniya.
• kwayoyin aikin injiniya.
• ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu.
• Biochemistry.
• sarari ilmin halitta.
• likita ilmin halitta.

A dukan hadaddun na wadannan sciences yale mu mu fahince wani mahaluži alaka mai rai tsarin. Saboda haka, ilmin halitta - da kimiyya na halitta da fari, da kuma game da amfanin da cewa shi zai iya ba mutum.

Biology a makaranta

Biology kaikaice shafi a mataki na cikin shakka daga halitta tarihi (Grade 5 manhaja). Shi ne a matsayin batu ya fara da 6th sa (o), Grade 7 - ilmin dabbobi, Grade 8 - Anatomy, 9-11 - janar ilmin halitta.

Makaranta hanya na wannan kimiyya ya shafi wani iri-iri batutuwa a ilmin halitta, wanda ya shafi kusan dukan rassansa da kuma sassan. Wannan ne yake aikata ta samar da wata mai jiwuwa hoto na yara ji na duniya, kazalika da bayyana assimilation na dalibai da muhimmancin da kuma muhimmancin rayuwa kimiyya a cikin zamani duniya.