SamuwarKimiyya

Ammonium gishiri - hanyoyin da shiri, yi amfani a cikin kasa tattalin arzikin

A sinadaran mahadi daga NH4 + bayyana kanta a matsayin singly cajin m Alkali karfe cation. Lokacin da hulda da anions na acidic abubuwa suna kafa crystalline tsarin c - Salt ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, wanda ya kunshi cikin acid anion da ammonium kungiyar.

Ammonium salts samu a lokacin da neutralization dauki, wanda ya auku a lokacin da dauki ammonia da wani acid.

ammonium salts, kamar, bisa manufa, mafi yawan Alkali karfe iya dissociate (raba cikin cations da anions) a cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani a kan ions: ammonium salts, kamar yadda Alkali karfe salts dissociate cikin ions:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

A lokacin dumama, bushe ammonium salts an bazu zuwa cikin ammonia da kuma acid. Wannan tsari shine ake kira thermal dissociation.

The kafa acid (msl, hydrochloric acid) tare da NH3 evaporates kuma a kan sanyaya ta ɗaure da ammonia da kuma gishiri aka samu. Ba dole ne a ce cewa yana yiwuwa da kuma tsari ne reversible bazuwar:

NH3 + HCI ↔ NH4Cl

Saboda haka, ammonium chloride sublimes lokacin da mai tsanani, amma bayan wani lokaci a kan saman tube sake bayyana fari shafi na ammonium chloride. A sakamakon haka, da samuwar wadanda ba maras tabbas acid salts, msl, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes a lokacin dumama kawai NH3, da kuma acid ya zauna. Wannan tsari shine ake kira komowar bazuwar.

All ammonium salts suna readily bazu zuwa alkalis (tare da dumama) don saki ammonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Wannan dauki da ake amfani da ganewa na takin da wani ammonium nau'i na nitrogen.

A dauki na ammonium carbonate tare da ma'adinai da kuma Organic acid saki carbon dioxide. A dauki na ammonium sulfate ko chloride da AgNO3 ko BaCl kafa precipitates halayyar farin launi.

Ammonium salts: Misalan

ammonium salts yadu a yi amfani da aikin noma. Wannan shi ne mai kyau abu don ma'adinai ciyar da shuke-shuke (msl, ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Kamar yadda aka sani nitrogen shuke-shuke iya sha kawai a mamaye form (NO3, NH4). Saboda haka, nitrogen mahadi sosai tasiri. Na bayar da muhimmanci ne ammonium nitrate wanda qunshi ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- nitrogen.

Kuma ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, da aka sani a karkashin sunayen MAP NH4H2P04 da diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 dauke da biyu sinadaran abubuwa na shuka abinci mai gina jiki - nitrogen da phosphorus. Ammonium salts kunshe a cikin gauraye takin.

Lokacin da ammonia reacts tare da carbon oxide (IV) aka hada urea ko urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) ko ammonium chloride ake amfani a electrochemical Kwayoyin, a rini, kuma sittsepechatanii, tinning da soldering. Tuntužar mai tsanani karfe, ammonia ne bazu zuwa cikin hydrogen chloride da ammonia. Hydrochloric acid reacts tare da oxide, gurbata da karfe surface, cikinsa da maras tabbas gishiri da aka kafa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da tsabtace surface da bãyukansu solder. NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) tare da carbon da aluminum salts wani bangare ne na fashewar - ammonal. Wadannan mahadi aka yi amfani a ci gaba na kankara. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) sukan yi amfani da abinci da kuma confectionery masana'antu. Wannan fili an kuma yi amfani da matsayin hana aifuwa na maza for daban-daban na abinci. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi yana da kaddarorin da taimaka hanzarta ripening.

Ingantaccen dauki tare da ammonium gishiri. Lokacin da mai tsanani, da ammonium salts kafa tare da Alkali bayani daga ammonium hydroxide, wanda aka cleaved da a saki ammonia.

A gaban ammonia za a iya auna da wani takamaiman wari da kuma tare da launi takarda Manuniya. Domin dauke da fitar da wannan dauki shi wajibi ne ya dauki 1.0 cm3 ammonium gishiri bayani kara 0.5 cm3 bayani na sodium hydroxide da kuma zafi. A lokacin da dumama tsari, ammonia da aka saki, halayyar wari ne kafa, ja ne blue litmus.

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