Hadin - a ... Forms na hadin gwiwa

Hadin - wani irin mai zaman motsi, wanda ya kafa wani kungiya da kuma tsarin tattalin arziki na mutum aiki.

Jigon hadin gwiwa

Kamar yadda na musamman nau'i na aiki kungiyar ya gabatar da hadin gwiwa na daban-daban lambobin mutane tare a matsayin m tsunduma a cikin wannan, ko a daban-daban m aiki tafiyar matakai. Duk wadannan matakai faru a wasu kungiya da kuma tattalin arziki tsarin.

Siffofin hadin gwiwa

Nazarin wannan ra'ayi a fahimtar nuna a bisa, akwai wadannan siffofin hadin: sauki da kuma hadaddun.

Kamar wancan ne, mai sau m generated a lokacin kisa da kama aiki. Alal misali, wannan hadin gwiwa aikin ƙasar, kasuwanci ko yi.

Nagartaccen hadin gwiwa bisa wani sarari rabo daga aiki bane aiki a cikin hadin gwiwa aiki. Idan irin wannan tsari za a iya yadda ya kamata amfani a samar da kayan aikin, da kuma ilimi, basira da kuma aiki aiki a irin wannan hadin gwiwa aiki.

Sauran siffofin mutum jam'iyya

Daga hangen zaman gaba da dangantakar tasowa daga ci daga dukiya, aiki hadin gwiwa kawo tare mahalarta, dangane da gama ãdalci fom da aka halitta da samuwar kuma m haifuwa na babban birnin kasar a kan wani juna akai. Dalili na wannan ƙungiya da aka aza voluntariness, dimokuradiyya, daidaitaka, juna tattalin arziki da sha'awa da kuma daukan alhakin sakamakon hadin gwiwa domin saduwa da bukatun kowane mutum tawagar kungiyar. Wannan ne yake aikata ta kara kudaden shiga da kuma rage wasu daga cikin halin kaka.

Lobar gama hadin gwiwa na aiki ne babban fasali na wanda ake tsare da mafi m mahaluži da aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodin da kungiyar. Wadannan sun hada da: da samuwar a kan wani demokra] iyya akai, kungiyar da kuma tasiri management kan daidai gabãtarwar da m members.

samar da hadin kai - kafa zaunanniya dangantaka tsakanin daban-daban rassan, kasuwanci abokai da kuma su raka'a domin su shiga a cikin yi ko gyara na musamman kayayyakin. Tare da irin wannan jam'iyya da sha'anin iya bayar da iyaye sha'anin (abokin ciniki) ƙãre kayayyakin ko semifinished kayayyakin (stamping ko blank), shi yana bukatar ya saki karshe samfur.

Production hadin gwiwa - wani aiki na tattalin arziki da abokai a cikin biyu main yankunan:

- kafa kusa lamba tsakanin biyu sassa da kuma tsakanin abokai da suke a kai tsaye dogara a kan masana'antu tsari.

- kungiyar na lambobi tsakanin musamman kamfanonin yi cikakken amfani da samar iya aiki.

Production hadin: babban siffofin

Akwai da wadannan siffofin masana'antu hadin:

- tara (haƙiƙa), a cikin abin da tattalin arziki abokai aiki a kan m ayyuka, samar da babban sha'anin, wasu abubuwa (raka'a), wanda suke bukata domin taro na ƙãre samfurin (a matsayin misali, lantarki, ko injuna domin tractors da motoci).

- fashe view bayar m sassa wadata (wannan na iya zama fistan zobba for mota kamfanoni ko tarakta).

- Tsari a wadda qware Enterprises kawota wasu Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin (msl like) ake yi ko dai don su takamaiman fasaha ayyukan.

Rarrabuwa ta Gwargwadon wuri

Ya danganta da wurin da yankin hadin gwiwa - shi ne:

- ciki (ƙungiya daga kamfanoni, dake a cikin wannan tattalin arziki zone).

- interregional (a wuri na kasuwanci abokai a daban-daban tattalin arziki zones).

Industry rarrabuwa

Idan akai la'akari da aluma akidar, rarrabe da wadannan siffofin Enterprises: ciki da kuma Inter-aluma co-tsaro. Saboda haka, a cikin hadin gwiwa na kasuwanci abokai aiki a wannan masana'antar, mun samu ciki-ƙungiya. Alal misali, Sugar Industry. Idan, duk da haka, a cikin hadin gwiwa shafe tattalin arziki abokai daga dama sassa, a cikin wannan harka a giciye-aluma hadin gwiwa (misali, taliya factory, lantarki, ko aikin injiniyan inji masana'antu).

Hadin kai da kuma specialization

Concepts kamar specialization da hadin gwiwa da kakkarfan nasaba. Har ila yau, ana iya bayyana tare da amincewa da cewa hadin kai a cikin tattalin arziki da jigon da aka samu daga specialization. Saboda haka, na biyu lokaci take kaiwa ga samuwar na jerin sosai na musamman masana'antu da kuma kamfanonin cikin tsarin na doka a kan da rabo daga aiki. Business abokai tare da kunkuntar specialization sanya kawai mutum abubuwa, aka gyara, sassa. Kuma halittar ƙãre samfurin sau da yawa na bukatar wani dangantaka da United kokarin cewa zai ba da damar da shi da ya tattara a cikin wani na kowa naúrar.

Saboda haka, hadin gwiwa - shi ne na gaba mataki na management, dangane da ci gaban specialization, wanda na taimaka wa ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun kasa da kuma manpower.

Manuniya hadin gwiwa

A wani masana'antu da aka sani ga wannan samarwa Figures:

- The rabo daga m ba a cikin kudin na kerarre kayayyakin, bayar da rabo daga wadannan Manuniya, da kuma bayyana a matsayin mai yawan.

- Number of Enterprises hada kai da juna. A wannan yanayin, da yadda ya dace da irin kungiyoyin kiyaye isasshe a fili. Saboda haka sau da yawa unsa siffofin Enterprises Manufacturing daya kawai samfurin, wanda shi ne babban sha'anin ne yafi m saya, za ka iya kafa nasu samar da samar da daya ko wani sassa. Alal misali, wani iri-iri na kayan aikin ko hardware m, a samar da yawa mai rahusa fiye da su yi kowane mutum da sha'anin. A wannan yanayin, akwai masana'antu dangantakar. Wannan hulda raba abokai ga yi na kankare sassa (qware samarwa).

Co-aiki a matakin kasa da kasa

Wannan labarin da aka sake nazari by ƙungiya daga kamfanoni a cikin tsarin na daya a jihar. Duk da haka, akwai kasa da kasa hadin kai. A nan ne m misali.

A kan ƙasa na daya Jihar wanzu, kamfanin cewa ƙera dakatar for kwayoyi daga ciwon daji (sinadaran masana'antu). Duk da haka, wannan factory samar da irin wannan rufaffiyar madauki ba saboda rashin kudi domin sayan kayan aiki na musamman. Saboda haka, sakamakon slurry aka aiko zuwa wani jihar (a cikin yanayin - ga UK), wanda suke samuwa a cikin dacewa iya aiki, wanda ya sanya da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kanta, shirye don amfani.

A masana'antu a wadda hadin gwiwa ne da bai sayuwa

Daga cikin masana'antu a cikin abin da kasuwanci hade ne ba samuwa, za ka iya hada da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Wannan shi ne saboda wani sauki aiwatar da Manufacturing ƙãre kayayyakin. Duk da haka, akwai ban. Alal misali, shi ne samar da ruwan inabi, shampen, barasa da kuma taliya. Duk da haka, a kan wani m sikelin musamman tattalin arziki muhimmanci shi yana. Saboda haka, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ne isa ya kafa sauki dangantaka tsakanin m Enterprises.

Don wasu har, hadin gwiwa a cikin tsarin na masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da aka bayyana a cikin raba wasu daga karin samar da sabis Enterprises a cike iya aiki a ko'ina cikin lokaci na aiki. Tattalin arziki yiwuwa da kuma sakamako na wannan nau'i na hadin gwiwa da aka tausasa saboda yanayi hali na wasu masana'antu.

Saboda haka, a cikin kashe-kakar lokacin da babban samarwa downtime samuwa fasaha iya aiki da kuma sarari za a iya takalman fita zuwa wasu kusa kasuwanci. Alal misali, wannan gyara shagunan, lantarki shigarwa ko warehouses. Kuma a kakar wasa ta bana bauta wa aikin noma da kuma tallafa wa masana'antu ne yafi m don amfani godiya ga wani tenancy. Alal misali, a abinci kamfanin, kusa da sugar-gwoza shuka, don saya tururi ko wutar lantarki daga shi ne da yawa mai rahusa, don samar da fiye da nasu. Irin wannan karkashin shugabancin tsakiya tabbatarwa da kuma gudanar da karin aiwatar sami musamman sakamako daga cikin taro kuma wasu abũbuwan amfãni daga samarwa.

Rungumar abu da aka bayyana, ya kamata a lura da cewa hadin kai shi ne isasshe tasiri nau'i na kungiyoyin na Enterprises domin ya kara yawan aiki da kuma rage kudin da ƙãre samfurin.