Halitta radioactivity

Halitta radioactivity ne ba a ko'ina a rayuwarmu, shi ne wani ɓangare na mutum muhalli. Wannan sabon abu da aka gano a cikin 1896 da Faransa masanin kimiyya Becquerel da sunan, wanda ya gano tushen halitta radioactivity bazata a lokacin gwaji a kan effects a kan wani daukar hoto farantin, wanda aka nannade cikin wani baki takarda, wani mai kyalli tutiya sulfide.

Mene ne halitta radioactivity? Wannan canji na atomic nuclei na wannan sinadari a cikin nucleus din sunadaran wani kashi. Wannan tsari ne da yaushe tare da rediyoaktif radiation. Great taimako ga nazarin wannan batun ya sanya wani fitaccen likita Marie Sklodowska-Curie. Shi ne ta ke a 1898 ya gano abubuwa radium da polonium.

Lissafin kimiyya sun nuna cewa halitta radioactivity ne ba batun canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waje yanayi. Yana iya zama na biyu iri: da proton, da kuma biyu-proton.

Yana hada da na halitta radioactivity na dama aka gyara. Wadannan sun hada da: cosmic radiation, rediyoaktif abubuwa da ke zaune a ƙasar, kazalika da radiation source, wanda yake a cikin kayan gini, abinci da ruwa.

Idan ka lissafi wani kaso, sa'an nan da na halitta radioactivity za a iya wakilta kamar haka: 73% - saboda da tasiri na halitta radiation kafofin cewa a ko'ina kewaye da mu, 13% - an halitta ta hanyar kiwon lafiya da hanyoyin (mafi muhimmanci mafi girma a X-ray), da kuma 14% na radiation Yana lissafinsu haskoki daga m sarari.

Solar radiation yana da babban iko, amma daga Duniya ta kare muhalli, duk da haka, mafi girma da nisa daga Duniya ta surface, da karfi da tasiri na cosmic radiation. Masana kimiyya sun lura a cire tallafin da aikin bayan 1000 mita. Alal misali, sa'ad da wani jirgin sama jirgin a lokacin da ya hawa kamar mita 10,000, da radiation matakin a cikin gida ya wuce halitta kusan sau 10.

Filasha, wanda lokaci zuwa lokaci bayyana a cikin Sun, shi ne kuma mai iko bangaren na "halitta" bango radiation. Wadannan kafofin - shi barbashi wanda wani bangare ne na kayan gini, tõzarta daga ci konewa, da kuma phosphate takin.

Kamar yadda rarraba matakin na halitta radioactivity a duniya? Masana kimiyya sun lasafta cewa shi dabam a cikin adadin 5 -20 micro-roentgen awa. A lokaci guda kafin bil'adama tambaya taso, yadda cutarwa irin wannan adadi na rayuwa da mutane cewa zauna duniya tamu.

A wannan batun, ya ce masana kimiyya gauraye. Wasu yi imani da cewa lalacewar daga radiation ne negligible, yayin da wasu jayayya da cewa shi sa mai tsanani cutar da kuma maye gurbi, amma shi ne quite shakka cewa wannan batu na bukatar karin bincike.

Abu mai muhimmanci shafi bango radiation wani mutum kusan iya ba, don haka ka bukatar ka kare kanka daga cikin effects na korau abubuwan da ƙetare halatta dabi'u.

Raka'a radioactivity:

• 1 rem = 0.01 Sv.
• 1 mrem = 0.01 milli Sievert.

Cosmic radiation ne daidai da wani shekara-shekara kashi na 30 mrem (300 Sv), amma, misali, a} alla, 10 km radiation kashi za 100 sau mafi girma. A matakin na radiation ne daban-daban a kan daban-daban nahiyoyi da kuma a cikin mutum kasashen. Shi ne 30, a France, da Amurka da Japan - 60 millirem a kowace shekara. The yawan wadannan m kasashen shekara sami 100-150 mrem na radiation saboda da data kasance bango. A Rasha, wannan adadi Averages 65 mrem / shekara.

Hanyoyi a wadda ingested rediyoaktif abubuwa iya zama sosai bambancin. Mafi na kowa daga gare su: ta hanyar huhu, da abinci, ta hanyar fata ta sha. Karuwan radioactivity adversely rinjayar da jikin mutum. Abubuwa masu haɗari aka rarraba a ko'ina a ko'ina cikin jiki na wanda aka azabtar. Idan muka yi la'akari dukkan kafofin na radionuclides, da shekara-shekara adam kashi a kan talakawan ne 135 mrem.